The BRG1 ATPase of Human SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes as a Driver of Cancer

References

• Imbalzano AN , KwonH , GreenMR , KingstonRE . Facilitated binding of TATA-binding protein to nucleosomal DNA . Nature370 ( 6489 ), 481 – 485 ( 1994 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon H , ImbalzanoAN , KhavariPA , KingstonRE , GreenMR . Nucleosome disruption and enhancement of activator binding by a human SW1/SNF complex . Nature370 ( 6489 ), 477 – 481 ( 1994 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W , CoteJ , XueYet al. Purification and biochemical heterogeneity of the mammalian SWI-SNF complex . EMBO J.15 ( 19 ), 5370 – 5382 ( 1996 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn J , FyrbergAM , GansterRW , SchmidtMC , PetersonCL . DNA-binding properties of the yeast SWI/SNF complex . Nature379 ( 6568 ), 844 – 847 ( 1996 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clapier CR , KastenMM , ParnellTJet al. Regulation of DNA translocation efficiency within the chromatin remodeler RSC/Sth1 potentiates nucleosome sliding and ejection . Mol. Cell62 ( 3 ), 453 – 461 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueller-Planitz F , KlinkerH , BeckerPB . Nucleosome sliding mechanisms: new twists in a looped history . Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.20 ( 9 ), 1026 – 1032 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hota SK , BartholomewB . Diversity of operation in ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers . Biochim. Biophys. Acta1809 ( 9 ), 476 – 487 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu N , BallianoA , HayesJJ . Mechanism(s) of SWI/SNF-induced nucleosome mobilization . Chembiochem12 ( 2 ), 196 – 204 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Serna IL , CarlsonKA , ImbalzanoAN . Mammalian SWI/SNF complexes promote MyoD-mediated muscle differentiation . Nat. Genet.27 ( 2 ), 187 – 190 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fryer CJ , ArcherTK . Chromatin remodelling by the glucocorticoid receptor requires the BRG1 complex . Nature393 ( 6680 ), 88 – 91 ( 1998 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Serna IL , OhkawaY , ImbalzanoAN . Chromatin remodelling in mammalian differentiation: lessons from ATP-dependent remodellers . Nat. Rev. Genet.7 ( 6 ), 461 – 473 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero OA , Sanchez-CespedesM . The SWI/SNF genetic blockade: effects in cell differentiation, cancer and developmental diseases . Oncogene33 ( 21 ), 2681 – 2689 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu JI . Diverse functions of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in development and cancer . Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai)44 ( 1 ), 54 – 69 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho L , CrabtreeGR . Chromatin remodelling during development . Nature463 ( 7280 ), 474 – 484 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu R , LiuH , ChenX , KirbyM , BrownPO , ZhaoK . Regulation of CSF1 promoter by the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex . Cell106 ( 3 ), 309 – 318 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu JI , LessardJ , CrabtreeGR . Understanding the words of chromatin regulation . Cell136 ( 2 ), 200 – 206 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khavari PA , PetersonCL , TamkunJW , MendelDB , CrabtreeGR . BRG1 contains a conserved domain of the SWI2/SNF2 family necessary for normal mitotic growth and transcription . Nature366 ( 6451 ), 170 – 174 ( 1993 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muchardt C , YanivM . A human homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNF2/SWI2 and Drosophila brm genes potentiates transcriptional activation by the glucocorticoid receptor . EMBO J.12 ( 11 ), 4279 – 4290 ( 1993 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durr H , FlausA , Owen-HughesT , HopfnerKP . Snf2 family ATPases and DExx box helicases: differences and unifying concepts from high-resolution crystal structures . Nucleic Acids Res.34 ( 15 ), 4160 – 4167 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaus A , MartinDM , BartonGJ , Owen-HughesT . Identification of multiple distinct Snf2 subfamilies with conserved structural motifs . Nucleic Acids Res.34 ( 10 ), 2887 – 2905 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sif S , SaurinAJ , ImbalzanoAN , KingstonRE . Purification and characterization of mSin3A-containing Brg1 and hBrm chromatin remodeling complexes . Genes Dev.15 ( 5 ), 603 – 618 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelan ML , SifS , NarlikarGJ , KingstonRE . Reconstitution of a core chromatin remodeling complex from SWI/SNF subunits . Mol. Cell3 ( 2 ), 247 – 253 ( 1999 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bultman S , GebuhrT , YeeDet al. A Brg1 null mutation in the mouse reveals functional differences among mammalian SWI/SNF complexes . Mol. Cell6 ( 6 ), 1287 – 1295 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadam S , EmersonBM . Transcriptional specificity of human SWI/SNF BRG1 and BRM chromatin remodeling complexes . Mol. Cell11 ( 2 ), 377 – 389 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes JC , BarraJ , MuchardtC , CamusA , BabinetC , YanivM . Altered control of cellular proliferation in the absence of mammalian brahma (SNF2alpha) . EMBO J.17 ( 23 ), 6979 – 6991 ( 1998 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muchardt C , BourachotB , ReyesJC , YanivM . ras transformation is associated with decreased expression of the brm/SNF2alpha ATPase from the mammalian SWI-SNF complex . EMBO J.17 ( 1 ), 223 – 231 ( 1998 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muchardt C , YanivM . When the SWI/SNF complex remodels the cell cycle . Oncogene20 ( 24 ), 3067 – 3075 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trotter KW , ArcherTK . The BRG1 transcriptional coregulator . Nucl. Recept. Signal.6 , e004 ( 2008 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim JH , ChoiD , KendeH . The AtGRF family of putative transcription factors is involved in leaf and cotyledon growth in Arabidopsis . Plant J.36 ( 1 ), 94 – 104 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson MP . The structure and function of proline-rich regions in proteins . Biochem. J.297 ( Pt 2 ), 249 – 260 ( 1994 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trotter KW , FanHY , IveyML , KingstonRE , ArcherTK . The HSA domain of BRG1 mediates critical interactions required for glucocorticoid receptor-dependent transcriptional activation in vivo . Mol. Cell. Biol.28 ( 4 ), 1413 – 1426 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trotter KW , KingHA , ArcherTK . Glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activation via the BRG1-dependent recruitment of TOP2β and Ku70/86 . Mol. Cell. Biol.35 ( 16 ), 2799 – 2817 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen P , VivasP , DechassaML , MooneyAM , PoirierMG , BartholomewB . The SnAC domain of SWI/SNF is a histone anchor required for remodeling . Mol. Cell. Biol.33 ( 2 ), 360 – 370 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen P , GhoshS , PughBF , BartholomewB . A new, highly conserved domain in Swi2/Snf2 is required for SWI/SNF remodeling . Nucleic Acids Res.39 ( 21 ), 9155 – 9166 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh M , D’silvaL , HolakTA . DNA-binding properties of the recombinant high-mobility-group-like AT-hook-containing region from human BRG1 protein . Biol. Chem.387 ( 10–11 ), 1469 – 1478 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamkun JW , DeuringR , ScottMPet al. Brahma: a regulator of Drosophila homeotic genes structurally related to the yeast transcriptional activator SNF2/SWI2 . Cell68 ( 3 ), 561 – 572 ( 1992 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrasekaran R , ThompsonM . Polybromo-1-bromodomains bind histone H3 at specific acetyl-lysine positions . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.355 ( 3 ), 661 – 666 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen W , XuC , HuangWet al. Solution structure of human Brg1 bromodomain and its specific binding to acetylated histone tails . Biochemistry46 ( 8 ), 2100 – 2110 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versteege I , SevenetN , LangeJet al. Truncating mutations of hSNF5/INI1 in aggressive paediatric cancer . Nature394 ( 6689 ), 203 – 206 ( 1998 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bultman SJ , HerschkowitzJI , GodfreyVet al. Characterization of mammary tumors from Brg1 heterozygous mice . Oncogene27 ( 4 ), 460 – 468 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guidi CJ , SandsAT , ZambrowiczBPet al. Disruption of Ini1 leads to peri-implantation lethality and tumorigenesis in mice . Mol. Cell. Biol.21 ( 10 ), 3598 – 3603 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klochendler-Yeivin A , FietteL , BarraJ , MuchardtC , BabinetC , YanivM . The murine SNF5/INI1 chromatin remodeling factor is essential for embryonic development and tumor suppression . EMBO Rep.1 ( 6 ), 500 – 506 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts CW , GalushaSA , McmenaminME , FletcherCD , OrkinSH . Haploinsufficiency of Snf5 (integrase interactor 1) predisposes to malignant rhabdoid tumors in mice . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA97 ( 25 ), 13796 – 13800 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson BG , RobertsCW . SWI/SNF nucleosome remodellers and cancer . Nat. Rev. Cancer11 ( 7 ), 481 – 492 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisman D , GlarosS , ThompsonEA . The SWI/SNF complex and cancer . Oncogene28 ( 14 ), 1653 – 1668 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shain AH , PollackJR . The spectrum of SWI/SNF mutations, ubiquitous in human cancers . PLoS ONE8 ( 1 ), e55119 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadoch C , HargreavesDC , HodgesCet al. Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis of mammalian SWI/SNF complexes identifies extensive roles in human malignancy . Nat. Genet.45 ( 6 ), 592 – 601 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquez SB , ThompsonKW , LuL , ReismanD . Beyond mutations: additional mechanisms and implications of SWI/SNF complex inactivation . Front. Oncol.4 , 372 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadoch C , CrabtreeGR . Mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes and cancer: mechanistic insights gained from human genomics . Sci. Adv.1 ( 5 ), e1500447 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biegel JA , BusseTM , WeissmanBE . SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes and cancer . Am. J. Med. Genet. C Semin. Med. Genet.166C ( 3 ), 350 – 366 ( 2014 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oike T , OgiwaraH , TominagaYet al. A synthetic lethality-based strategy to treat cancers harboring a genetic deficiency in the chromatin remodeling factor BRG1 . Cancer Res.73 ( 17 ), 5508 – 5518 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson BG , HelmingKC , WangXet al. Residual complexes containing SMARCA2 (BRM) underlie the oncogenic drive of SMARCA4 (BRG1) mutation . Mol. Cell. Biol.34 ( 6 ), 1136 – 1144 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohmann AF , VakocCR . A rationale to target the SWI/SNF complex for cancer therapy . Trends Genet.30 ( 8 ), 356 – 363 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisman DN , SciarrottaJ , WangW , FunkhouserWK , WeissmanBE . Loss of BRG1/BRM in human lung cancer cell lines and primary lung cancers: correlation with poor prognosis . Cancer Res.63 ( 3 ), 560 – 566 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsubara D , KishabaY , IshikawaSet al. Lung cancer with loss of BRG1/BRM, shows epithelial mesenchymal transition phenotype and distinct histologic and genetic features . Cancer Sci.104 ( 2 ), 266 – 273 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karnezis AN , WangY , RamosPet al. Dual loss of the SWI/SNF complex ATPases SMARCA4/BRG1 and SMARCA2/BRM is highly sensitive and specific for small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type . J. Pathol.238 ( 3 ), 389 – 400 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serber DW , RogalaA , MakaremMet al. The BRG1 chromatin remodeler protects against ovarian cysts, uterine tumors, and mammary tumors in a lineage-specific manner . PLoS ONE7 ( 2 ), e31346 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancer Genome Atlas N . Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours . Nature490 ( 7418 ), 61 – 70 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohet N , StewartKM , MudhasaniRet al. SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzyme ATPases promote cell proliferation in normal mammary epithelial cells . J. Cell. Physiol.223 ( 3 ), 667 – 678 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai J , MeiP , ZhangCet al. BRG1 is a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in human breast cancer . PLoS ONE8 ( 3 ), e59772 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Q , MadanyP , AkechJet al. The SWI/SNF ATPases are required for triple negative breast cancer cell proliferation . J. Cell. Physiol.230 ( 11 ), 2683 – 2694 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Do SI , YoonG , KimHSet al. Increased Brahma-related gene 1 expression predicts distant metastasis and shorter survival in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast . Anticancer Res.36 ( 9 ), 4873 – 4882 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Q , MadanyP , DobsonJRet al. The BRG1 chromatin remodeling enzyme links cancer cell metabolism and proliferation . Oncotarget7 ( 25 ), 38270 – 38281 ( 2016 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vazquez-Martin A , ColomerR , BrunetJ , LupuR , MenendezJA . Overexpression of fatty acid synthase gene activates HER1/HER2 tyrosine kinase receptors in human breast epithelial cells . Cell Prolif.41 ( 1 ), 59 – 85 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martel PM , BinghamCM , McgrawCJet al. S14 protein in breast cancer cells: direct evidence of regulation by SREBP-1c, superinduction with progestin, and effects on cell growth . Exp. Cell Res.312 ( 3 ), 278 – 288 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swinnen JV , BrusselmansK , VerhoevenG . Increased lipogenesis in cancer cells: new players, novel targets . Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care9 ( 4 ), 358 – 365 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Q , SharmaS , CuiHet al. Targeting the chromatin remodeling enzyme BRG1 increases the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer cells . Oncotarget7 ( 19 ), 27158 – 27175 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li W , ZhangH , AssarafYGet al. Overcoming ABC transporter-mediated multidrug resistance: molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic drug strategies . Drug Resist. Updat.27 , 14 – 29 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HR , NoHK , RyuCJ , ParkHJ . Brahmarelated gene 1-associated expression of 9–27 and IFI-27 is involved in acquired cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer cells . Mol. Med. Rep.8 ( 3 ), 747 – 750 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurard-Levin ZA , WilsonLO , PancaldiVet al. Chromatin regulators as a guide for cancer treatment choice . Mol. Cancer Ther.15 ( 7 ), 1768 – 1777 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubey R , LebensohnAM , Bahrami-NejadZet al. Chromatin-remodeling complex SWI/SNF controls multidrug resistance by transcriptionally regulating the drug efflux pump ABCB1 . Cancer Res.76 ( 19 ), 5810 – 5821 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X , TianX , WangF , MaY , KornmannM , YangY . BRG1 promotes chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells through crosstalking with Akt signalling . Eur. J. Cancer50 ( 13 ), 2251 – 2262 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Direnzo J , ShangY , PhelanMet al. BRG-1 is recruited to estrogen-responsive promoters and cooperates with factors involved in histone acetylation . Mol. Cell. Biol.20 ( 20 ), 7541 – 7549 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S , FallerDV . Roles of prohibitin in growth control and tumor suppression in human cancers . Transl. Oncogenomics3 , 23 – 37 ( 2008 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sumi-Ichinose C , IchinoseH , MetzgerD , ChambonP . SNF2beta-BRG1 is essential for the viability of F9 murine embryonal carcinoma cells . Mol. Cell. Biol.17 ( 10 ), 5976 – 5986 ( 1997 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayasam GV , ElbiC , WalkerDAet al. Ligand-specific dynamics of the progesterone receptor in living cells and during chromatin remodeling in vitro . Mol. Cell. Biol.25 ( 6 ), 2406 – 2418 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicent GP , ZaurinR , BallareC , NachtAS , BeatoM . Erk signaling and chromatin remodeling in MMTV promoter activation by progestins . Nucl. Recept. Signal.7 , e008 ( 2009 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Naidu SR , LoveIM , ImbalzanoAN , GrossmanSR , AndrophyEJ . The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling subunit BRG1 is a critical regulator of p53 necessary for proliferation of malignant cells . Oncogene28 ( 27 ), 2492 – 2501 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi J , WhyteWA , Zepeda-MendozaCJet al. Role of SWI/SNF in acute leukemia maintenance and enhancer-mediated Myc regulation . Genes Dev.27 ( 24 ), 2648 – 2662 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buscarlet M , KrastevaV , HoLet al. Essential role of BRG, the ATPase subunit of BAF chromatin remodeling complexes, in leukemia maintenance . Blood123 ( 11 ), 1720 – 1728 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero OA , Torres-DizM , ProsEet al. MAX inactivation in small cell lung cancer disrupts MYC-SWI/SNF programs and is synthetic lethal with BRG1 . Cancer Discov.4 ( 3 ), 292 – 303 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vachtenheim J , OndrusovaL . Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression levels in melanoma cells contribute to cell invasion and proliferation . Exp. Dermatol.24 ( 7 ), 481 – 484 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellbrock C , ArozarenaI . Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in melanoma development and MAP-kinase pathway targeted therapy . Pigment Cell Melanoma Res.28 ( 4 ), 390 – 406 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin H , WongRP , MartinkaM , LiG . BRG1 expression is increased in human cutaneous melanoma . Br. J. Dermatol.163 ( 3 ), 502 – 510 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vachtenheim J , OndrusovaL , BorovanskyJ . SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is critical for the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in melanoma cells . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.392 ( 3 ), 454 – 459 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keenen B , QiH , SaladiSV , YeungM , de la SernaIL . Heterogeneous SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes promote expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor target genes in melanoma . Oncogene29 ( 1 ), 81 – 92 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saladi SV , KeenenB , MaratheHG , QiH , ChinKV , de la SernaIL . Modulation of extracellular matrix/adhesion molecule expression by BRG1 is associated with increased melanoma invasiveness . Mol. Cancer9 , 280 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancer Genome Atlas N . Genomic classification of cutaneous melanoma . Cell161 ( 7 ), 1681 – 1696 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehrotra A , MehtaG , ArasS , TrivediA , de la SernaIL . SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes in melanocyte differentiation and melanoma . Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr.24 ( 2 ), 151 – 161 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Serna IL , OhkawaY , HigashiCet al. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor requires SWI/SNF enzymes to activate melanocyte-specific genes . J. Biol. Chem.281 ( 29 ), 20233 – 20241 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saladi SV , WongPG , TrivediARet al. BRG1 promotes survival of UV-irradiated melanoma cells by cooperating with MITF to activate the melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis gene . Pigment Cell Melanoma Res.26 ( 3 ), 377 – 391 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ondrusova L , VachtenheimJ , RedaJ , ZakovaP , BenkovaK . MITF-independent pro-survival role of BRG1-containing SWI/SNF complex in melanoma cells . PLoS ONE8 ( 1 ), e54110 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurette P , StrubT , KoludrovicDet al. Transcription factor MITF and remodeller BRG1 define chromatin organisation at regulatory elements in melanoma cells . eLife4 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jubierre L , SorianoA , Planells-FerrerLet al. BRG1/SMARCA4 is essential for neuroblastoma cell viability through modulation of cell death and survival pathways . Oncogene35 ( 39 ), 5179 – 5190 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi X , WangQ , GuJ , XuanZ , WuJI . SMARCA4/Brg1 coordinates genetic and epigenetic networks underlying Shh-type medulloblastoma development . Oncogene35 ( 44 ), 5746 – 5758 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai J , MeiPJ , LiuHet al. BRG1 expression is increased in human glioma and controls glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro . J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol.138 ( 6 ), 991 – 998 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Rosa M , PaceU , RegaDet al. Genetics, diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer (Review) . Oncol. Rep.34 ( 3 ), 1087 – 1096 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe T , SembaS , YokozakiH . Regulation of PTEN expression by the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling protein BRG1 in human colorectal carcinoma cells . Br. J. Cancer104 ( 1 ), 146 – 154 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin S , JiangT , YeLet al. The chromatin-remodeling enzyme BRG1 promotes colon cancer progression via positive regulation of WNT3A . Oncotarget7 ( 52 ), 86051 – 86063 ( 2016 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qi L , SunB , LiuZ , ChengR , LiY , ZhaoX . Wnt3a expression is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes colon cancer progression . J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res.33 , 107 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang G , FuY , YangXet al. Brg-1 targeting of novel miR550a-5p/RNF43/Wnt signaling axis regulates colorectal cancer metastasis . Oncogene35 ( 5 ), 651 – 661 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopp JL , von FiguraG , MayesEet al. Identification of Sox9-dependent acinar-to-ductal reprogramming as the principal mechanism for initiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma . Cancer Cell22 ( 6 ), 737 – 750 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Figura G , FukudaA , RoyNet al. The chromatin regulator Brg1 suppresses formation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma . Nat. Cell Biol.16 ( 3 ), 255 – 267 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dal Molin M , HongSM , HebbarSet al. Loss of expression of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling subunit BRG1/SMARCA4 is frequently observed in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas . Hum. Pathol.43 ( 4 ), 585 – 591 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleeson FC , KerrSE , KippBRet al. Targeted next generation sequencing of endoscopic ultrasound acquired cytology from ampullary and pancreatic adenocarcinoma has the potential to aid patient stratification for optimal therapy selection . Oncotarget7 ( 34 ), 54526 – 54536 ( 2016 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shain AH , GiacominiCP , MatsukumaKet al. Convergent structural alterations define SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeler as a central tumor suppressive complex in pancreatic cancer . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA109 ( 5 ), E252 – E259 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey P , ChangDK , NonesKet al. Genomic analyses identify molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer . Nature531 ( 7592 ), 47 – 52 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Numata M , MorinagaS , WatanabeTet al. The clinical significance of SWI/SNF complex in pancreatic cancer . Int. J. Oncol.42 ( 2 ), 403 – 410 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant KL , ManciasJD , KimmelmanAC , DerCJ . KRAS: feeding pancreatic cancer proliferation . Trends Biochem. Sci.39 ( 2 ), 91 – 100 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy N , MalikS , VillanuevaKEet al. Brg1 promotes both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic activities at distinct stages of pancreatic cancer formation . Genes Dev.29 ( 6 ), 658 – 671 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sentani K , OueN , KondoHet al. Increased expression but not genetic alteration of BRG1, a component of the SWI/SNF complex, is associated with the advanced stage of human gastric carcinomas . Pathobiology69 ( 6 ), 315 – 320 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeshima H , NiwaT , TakahashiTet al. Frequent involvement of chromatin remodeler alterations in gastric field cancerization . Cancer Lett.357 ( 1 ), 328 – 338 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun A , TawfikO , GayedBet al. Aberrant expression of SWI/SNF catalytic subunits BRG1/BRM is associated with tumor development and increased invasiveness in prostate cancers . Prostate67 ( 2 ), 203 – 213 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holik AZ , YoungM , KrzystyniakJet al. Brg1 loss attenuates aberrant Wnt-signalling and prevents Wnt-dependent tumourigenesis in the murine small intestine . PLoS Genet.10 ( 7 ), e1004453 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith-Roe SL , NakamuraJ , HolleyDet al. SWI/SNF complexes are required for full activation of the DNA-damage response . Oncotarget6 ( 2 ), 732 – 745 ( 2015 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park JH , ParkEJ , HurSK , KimS , KwonJ . Mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes are required to prevent apoptosis after DNA damage . DNA Repair (Amst.)8 ( 1 ), 29 – 39 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kothandapani A , GopalakrishnanK , KahaliB , ReismanD , PatrickSM . Downregulation of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling factor subunits modulates cisplatin cytotoxicity . Exp. Cell Res.318 ( 16 ), 1973 – 1986 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedorov O , CastexJ , TallantCet al. Selective targeting of the BRG/PB1 bromodomains impairs embryonic and trophoblast stem cell maintenance . Sci. Adv.1 ( 10 ), e1500723 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerstenberger BS , TrzupekJD , TallantCet al. Identification of a chemical probe for family VIII bromodomains through optimization of a fragment hit . J. Med. Chem.59 ( 10 ), 4800 – 4811 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vangamudi B , PaulTA , ShahPKet al. The SMARCA2/4 ATPase domain surpasses the bromodomain as a drug target in SWI/SNF-mutant cancers: insights from cDNA rescue and PFI-3 inhibitor studies . Cancer Res.75 ( 18 ), 3865 – 3878 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthuswami R , MesnerLD , WangD , HillDA , ImbalzanoAN , HockensmithJW . Phosphoaminoglycosides inhibit SWI2/SNF2 family DNA-dependent molecular motor domains . Biochemistry39 ( 15 ), 4358 – 4365 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta P , TantiGK , SharmaSet al. Global epigenetic changes induced by SWI2/SNF2 inhibitors characterize neomycin-resistant mammalian cells . PLoS ONE7 ( 11 ), e49822 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon SJ , LeeSK , NaJet al. Targeting BRG1 chromatin remodeler via its bromodomain for enhanced tumor cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo . Mol. Cancer Ther.14 ( 2 ), 597 – 607 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar