References
- WHO . WHO Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014 . World Health Organisation , Geneva, Switzerland , 1 – 51 ( 2014 ).
- Bogdarina I , WelhamS , KingPJ , BurnsSP , ClarkAJL . Epigenetic modification of the renin-angiotensin system in the fetal programming of hypertension . Circ. Res.100 ( 4 ), 520 – 526 ( 2007 ).
- Baylin SB , JonesPA . A decade of exploring the cancer epigenome – biological and translational implications . Nat. Rev. Cancer11 ( 10 ), 726 – 734 ( 2011 ).
- DeVries A , WlasiukG , MillerSJet al. Epigenome-wide analysis links SMAD3 methylation at birth to asthma in children of asthmatic mothers . J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.041 ( 2016 ) ( Epub ahead of print ).
- Wahl S , DrongA , LehneBet al. Epigenome-wide association study of body mass index, and the adverse outcomes of adiposity . Nature.541 ( 7635 ), 81 – 86 ( 2016 ).
- Elliott HR , ShihabHA , LockettGAet al. The role of DNA methylation in Type 2 diabetes aetiology – using genotype as a causal anchor . Diabetes doi:10.2337/db16-0874 ( 2017 ) ( Epub ahead of print ).
- Birney E , SmithGD , GreallyJM . Epigenome-wide association studies and the interpretation of disease-omics . PLoS Genet.12 ( 6 ), e1006105 ( 2016 ).
- Richmond RC , Al-AminA , SmithGD , ReltonCL . Approaches for drawing causal inferences from epidemiological birth cohorts: a review . Early Hum. Dev.90 ( 11 ), 769 – 80 ( 2014 ).
- Murray R , BryantJ , TitcombePet al. DNA methylation at birth within the promoter of ANRIL predicts markers of cardiovascular risk at 9 years . Clin. Epigenetics8 ( 1 ), 90 ( 2016 ).
- Joubert BR , FelixJF , YousefiPet al. DNA methylation in newborns and maternal smoking in pregnancy: genome-wide consortium meta-analysis . Am. J. Hum. Genet.98 ( 4 ), 680 – 696 ( 2016 ).
- Brion M-JA , LawlorDA , MatijasevichAet al. What are the causal effects of breastfeeding on IQ, obesity and blood pressure? Evidence from comparing high-income with middle-income cohorts . Int. J. Epidemiol.40 ( 3 ), 670 – 680 ( 2011 ).
- Castillo-Fernandez JE , SpectorTD , BellJT . Epigenetics of discordant monozygotic twins: implications for disease . Genome Med.6 ( 7 ), 60 ( 2014 ).
- Davies MN , KrauseL , BellJTet al. Hypermethylation in the ZBTB20 gene is associated with major depressive disorder . Genome Biol.15 ( 4 ), R56 ( 2014 ).
- Richmond RC , SharpGC , WardMEet al. DNA methylation and BMI: investigating identified methylation sites at HIF3A in a causal framework . Diabetes65 ( 5 ), 1231 – 1244 ( 2016 ).
- Sharp GC , LawlorDA , RichmondRCet al. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain, offspring DNA methylation and later offspring adiposity: findings from the avon longitudinal study of parents and children . Int. J. Epidemiol.44 ( 4 ), 1288 – 1304 ( 2015 ).
- Davey Smith G , HemaniG . Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies . Hum. Mol. Genet.23 ( R1 ), R89 – R98 ( 2014 ).
- Relton CL , Davey SmithG . Two-step epigenetic mendelian randomization: a strategy for establishing the causal role of epigenetic processes in pathways to disease . Int. J. Epidemiol.41 ( 1 ), 161 – 76 ( 2012 ).
- Relton CL , Davey SmithG . Mendelian randomization: applications and limitations in epigenetic studies . Epigenomics7 ( 8 ), 1239 – 1243 ( 2015 ).
- Mendelson MM , MarioniRE , JoehanesRet al. Association of body mass index with DNA methylation and gene expression in blood cells and relations to cardiometabolic disease: a mendelian randomization approach . PLOS Med.14 ( 1 ), e1002215 ( 2017 ).
- Relton CL , HartwigFP , Davey SmithG . From stem cells to the law courts: DNA methylation, the forensic epigenome and the possibility of a biosocial archive . Int. J. Epidemiol.44 ( 4 ), 1083 – 1093 ( 2015 ).
- Liu C , MarioniRE , HedmanÅKet al. A DNA methylation biomarker of alcohol consumption . Mol. Psychiatry doi:10.1038/mp.2016.192 ( 2016 ) ( Epub ahead of print ).
- Reese SE , ZhaoS , WuMCet al. DNA methylation score as a biomarker in newborns for sustained maternal smoking during pregnancy . Environ. Health Perspect.125 ( 4 ), 760 – 766 ( 2016 ).