References
- Slaughter DP , SouthwickHW, SmejkalW. Field cancerization in oral stratified squamous epithelium; clinical implications of multicentric origin. Cancer6 , 963–968 (1953).
- Franklin WA , GazdarAF, HaneyJ et al. Widely dispersed p53 mutation in respiratory epithelium. A novel mechanism for field carcinogenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 100 , 2133–2137 (1997).
- Prevo LJ , SanchezCA, GalipeauPC, ReidBJ. p53-mutant clones and field effects in Barrett‘s esophagus. Cancer Res.59 , 4784–4787 (1999).
- McDonald SA , GreavesLC, Gutierrez-GonzalezL et al. Mechanisms of field cancerization in the human stomach: the expansion and spread of mutated gastric stem cells. Gastroenterology 134 , 500–510 (2008).
- Lao VV , GradyWM. Epigenetics and colorectal cancer. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.8 , 686–700 (2011).
- Yu YP , LandsittelD, JingL et al. Gene expression alterations in prostate cancer predicting tumor aggression and preceding development of malignancy. J. Clin. Oncol. 22 , 2790–2799 (2004).
- Heaphy CM , GriffithJK, BisoffiM. Mammary field cancerization: molecular evidence and clinical importance. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.118 , 229–239 (2009).
- Chu TY , ShenCY, LeeHS, LiuHS. Monoclonality and surface lesion-specific microsatellite alterations in premalignant and malignant neoplasia of uterine cervix: a local field effect of genomic instability and clonal evolution. Genes Chromosomes Cancer24 , 127–134 (1999).
- Lee YC , WangHP, WangCP et al. Revisit of field cancerization in squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract: better risk assessment with epigenetic markers. Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila.) 4 , 1982–1992 (2011).
- Nanjo S , AsadaK, YamashitaS et al. Identification of gastric cancer risk markers that are informative in individuals with past H. pylori infection. Gastric Cancer doi:10.1007/s10120-011-0126-1 (2012) (Epub ahead of print).
- Irizarry RA , Ladd-AcostaC, WenB et al. The human colon cancer methylome shows similar hypo- and hypermethylation at conserved tissue-specific CpG island shores. Nat. Genet. 41 , 178–186 (2009).
- Ushijima T , HattoriN. Molecular pathways: involvement of Helicobacter pylori-triggered inflammation in the formation of an epigenetic field defect, and its usefulness as cancer risk and exposure markers. Clin. Cancer Res.18(4) , 923–929 (2012).
- Katsurano M , NiwaT, YasuiY et al. Early-stage formation of an epigenetic field defect in a mouse colitis model, and non-essential roles of T- and B-cells in DNA methylation induction. Oncogene 31 , 342–351 (2011).
- Pavicic W , JoensuuEI, NieminenT, PeltomakiP. LINE-1 hypomethylation in familial and sporadic cancer. J. Mol. Med. (Berl.) doi:10.1007/s00109-011-0854-z (2012) (Epub ahead of print).
- Majid S , DarAA, ShahryariV et al. Genistein reverses hypermethylation and induces active histone modifications in tumor suppressor gene B-cell translocation gene 3 in prostate cancer. Cancer 116 , 66–76 (2010).