1,219
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special Report

Intermittent Fasting and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Evidence and Unresolved Questions

&
Pages 47-54 | Received 28 Apr 2017, Accepted 16 Oct 2017, Published online: 04 Dec 2017

References

  • Rothschild J , HoddyKK, JambazianP, VaradyKA . Time-restricted feeding and risk of metabolic disease: a review of human and animal studies . Nutr. Rev.72 ( 5 ), 308 – 318 ( 2014 ).
  • Mattson MP , LongoVD, HarvieM . Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes . Ageing Res. Rev.39, 46 – 58 ( 2017 ).
  • Tinsley GM , BountyPML . Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans . Nutr. Rev.73 ( 10 ), 661 – 674 ( 2015 ).
  • St-Onge MP , ArdJ, BaskinMLet al. Meal timing and frequency: implications for cardiovascular disease prevention: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association . Circulation135 ( 9 ), e96 – e121 ( 2017 ).
  • Heilbronn LK , SmithSR, MartinCK, AntonSD, RavussinE . Alternate-day fasting in nonobese subjects: effects on body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism . Am. J. Clin. Nutr.81 ( 1 ), 69 – 73 ( 2005 ).
  • Eshghinia S , MohammadzadehF . The effects of modified alternate-day fasting diet on weight loss and CAD risk factors in overweight and obese women . J. Diabetes Metab. Disord.12 ( 1 ), 4 ( 2013 ).
  • Johnson JB , SummerW, CutlerRGet al. Alternate day calorie restriction improves clinical findings and reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight adults with moderate asthma . Free Radic. Biol. Med.42 ( 5 ), 665 – 674 ( 2007 ).
  • Varady KA , BhutaniS, ChurchEC, KlempelMC . Short-term modified alternate-day fasting: a novel dietary strategy for weight loss and cardioprotection in obese adults . Am. J. Clin. Nutr.90 ( 5 ), 1138 – 1143 ( 2009 ).
  • Klempel MC , KroegerCM, VaradyKA . Alternate day fasting (ADF) with a high-fat diet produces similar weight loss and cardio-protection as ADF with a low-fat diet . Metabolism62 ( 1 ), 137 – 143 ( 2013 ).
  • Hoddy KK , KroegerCM, TrepanowskiJF, BarnoskyA, BhutaniS, VaradyKA . Meal timing during alternate day fasting: impact on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk in obese adults . Obesity (Silver Spring)22 ( 12 ), 2524 – 2531 ( 2014 ).
  • Bhutani S , KlempelMC, KroegerCM, TrepanowskiJF, VaradyKA . Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans . Obesity (Silver Spring)21 ( 7 ), 1370 – 1379 ( 2013 ).
  • Varady KA , BhutaniS, KlempelMCet al. Alternate day fasting for weight loss in normal weight and overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trial . Nutr. J.12 ( 1 ), 146 ( 2013 ).
  • Klempel MC , KroegerCM, BhutaniS, TrepanowskiJF, VaradyKA . Intermittent fasting combined with calorie restriction is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection in obese women . Nutr. J.11, 98 ( 2012 ).
  • Harvie MN , PegingtonM, MattsonMPet al. The effects of intermittent or continuous energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers: a randomized trial in young overweight women . Int. J. Obes. (London)35 ( 5 ), 714 – 727 ( 2011 ).
  • Horne BD , MuhlesteinJB, AndersonJL . Health effects of intermittent fasting: hormesis or harm? A systematic review . Am. J. Clin. Nutr.102 ( 2 ), 464 – 470 ( 2015 ).
  • Teng NIMF , ShaharS, ManafZA, DasSK, TahaCSC, NgahWZW . Efficacy of fasting calorie restriction on quality of life among aging men . Physiol. Behav.104 ( 5 ), 1059 – 1064 ( 2011 ).
  • Hussin NM , ShaharS, TengNIMF, NgahWZW, DasSK . Efficacy of fasting and calorie restriction (FCR) on mood and depression among ageing men . J. Nutr. Health Aging17 ( 8 ), 674 – 680 ( 2013 ).
  • Teng NIMF , ShaharS, RajabNF, ManafZA, JohariMH, NgahWZW . Improvement of metabolic parameters in healthy older adult men following a fasting calorie restriction intervention . Aging Male16 ( 4 ), 177 – 183 ( 2013 ).
  • Horne BD , MuhlesteinJB, LappeDLet al. Randomized cross-over trial of short-term water-only fasting: metabolic and cardiovascular consequences . Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis.23 ( 11 ), 1050 – 1057 ( 2013 ).
  • Brandhorst S , ChoiIY, WeiMet al. A periodic diet that mimics fasting promotes multi-system regeneration, enhanced cognitive performance, and healthspan . Cell Metab.22 ( 1 ), 86 – 99 ( 2015 ).
  • Wei M , BrandhorstS, ShelehchiMet al. Fasting-mimicking diet and markers/risk factors for aging, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease . Sci. Transl. Med.9 ( 377 ), pii:eaai8700 ( 2017 ).
  • Moro T , TinsleyG, BiancoAet al. Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males . J. Transl. Med.14 ( 1 ), 290 ( 2016 ).
  • Trepanowski JF , KroegerCM, BarnoskyAet al. Effect of alternate-day fasting on weight loss, weight maintenance, and cardioprotection among metabolically healthy obese adults: a randomized clinical trial . JAMA Intern. Med.177 ( 7 ), 930 – 938 ( 2017 ).
  • Atallah R , FilionKB, WakilSMet al. Long-term effects of 4 popular diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials . Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes7 ( 6 ), 815 – 827 ( 2014 ).
  • Dansinger ML , GleasonJA, GriffithJL, SelkerHP, SchaeferEJ . Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: a randomized trial . JAMA293 ( 1 ), 43 – 53 ( 2005 ).
  • Gardner C , KiazandA, AlhassanS, KimS, StaffordR, BaliseR . Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women: the A TO Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial . JAMA297 ( 9 ), 969 – 977 ( 2007 ).
  • Wing RR , PhelanS . Long-term weight loss maintenance . Am. J. Clin. Nutr.82 ( 1 Suppl. ), S222 – S225 ( 2005 ).
  • Soeters MR , SoetersPB, SchoonemanMG, HoutenSM, RomijnJA . Adaptive reciprocity of lipid and glucose metabolism in human short-term starvation . Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.303 ( 12 ), E1397 – E1407 ( 2012 ).
  • Harvie MN , PegingtonM, MattsonMPet al. The effects of intermittent or continuous energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers: a randomised trial in young overweight women . Int. J. Obes. (Lond.)35 ( 5 ), 714 – 727 ( 2011 ).
  • Ash S , ReevesMM, YeoS, MorrisonG, CareyD, CapraS . Effect of intensive dietetic interventions on weight and glycaemic control in overweight men with Type II diabetes: a randomised trial . Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord.27 ( 7 ), 797 – 802 ( 2003 ).
  • Hill JO , SchlundtDG, SbroccoTet al. Evaluation of an alternating-calorie diet with and without exercise in the treatment of obesity . Am. J. Clin. Nutr.50 ( 2 ), 248 – 254 ( 1989 ).
  • Varady KA , BhutaniS, KlempelMC, KroegerCM . Comparison of effects of diet versus exercise weight loss regimens on LDL and HDL particle size in obese adults . Lipids Health Dis.10, 119 ( 2011 ).
  • Williams KV , MullenML, KelleyDE, WingRR . The effect of short periods of caloric restriction on weight loss and glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes . Diabetes Care21 ( 1 ), 2 – 8 ( 1998 ).
  • Harvie M , WrightC, PegingtonMet al. The effect of intermittent energy and carbohydrate restriction v. daily energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers in overweight women . Br. J. Nutr.110 ( 8 ), 1534 – 1547 ( 2013 ).
  • Heilbronn LK , CivitareseAE, BogackaI, SmithSR, HulverM, RavussinE . Glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle gene expression in response to alternate day fasting . Obes. Res.13 ( 3 ), 574 – 581 ( 2005 ).
  • Anastasiou CA , KarfopoulouE, YannakouliaM . Weight regaining: from statistics and behaviors to physiology and metabolism . Metabolism64 ( 11 ), 1395 – 1407 ( 2015 ).
  • Panda S . Circadian physiology of metabolism . Science354 ( 6315 ), 1008 – 1015 ( 2016 ).
  • Manoogian EN , PandaS . Circadian rhythms, time-restricted feeding, and healthy aging . Ageing Res. Rev.39, 59 – 67 ( 2017 ).
  • Garaulet M , Gomez-AbellanP, Alburquerque-BejarJJ, LeeY-C, OrdovasJM, ScheerFA . Timing of food intake predicts weight loss effectiveness . Int. J. Obes. (Lond.)37 ( 4 ), 604 – 611 ( 2013 ).
  • Scheer FA , MorrisCJ, SheaSA . The internal circadian clock increases hunger and appetite in the evening independent of food intake and other behaviors . Obesity (Silver Spring)21 ( 3 ), 421 – 423 ( 2013 ).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.