Vascular Injury and Repair: A Potential Target for Cell Therapies

References

• Tura O , SkinnerEM, BarclayGRet al. Late outgrowth endothelial cells resemble mature endothelial cells and are not derived from bone marrow . Stem Cells31 ( 2 ), 338 – 348 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phinikaridou A , AndiaME, PassacqualeG, FerroA, BotnarRM . Noninvasive MRI monitoring of the effect of interventions on endothelial permeability in murine atherosclerosis using an albumin-binding contrast agent . J. Am. Heart Assoc.2 ( 5 ), 402 – 402 ( 2013 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simova I , KatovaT, DenchevS, DimitrovN . Flow-mediated dilatation has an additive value to stress ECG for the diagnosis of angiographically significant coronary atherosclerosis . J. Am. Soc. Hypertens.4 ( 4 ), 203 – 208 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huynh J . Age-related intimal stiffening enhances endothelial permeability and leukocyte transmigration . Sci. Transl. Med.3 ( 112 ), 112ra122 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grage-Griebenow E , FladH, ErnstM . Heterogeneity of human peripheral blood monocyte subsets . J. Leukoc. Biol.69 ( 1 ), 11 – 20 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaipersad AS , LipGYH, SilvermanS, ShantsilaE . The role of monocytes in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis . J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.63 ( 1 ), 1 – 11 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert JM , LopezEF, LindseyML . Macrophage roles following myocardial infarction . Int. J. Cardiol.130 ( 2 ), 147 – 158 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedgui A , MallatZ . Cytokines in atherosclerosis: pathogenic and regulatory pathways . Physiol. Rev.86 ( 2 ), 515 – 581 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newby DE , WrightRA, LabinjohCet al. Endothelial dysfunction, impaired endogenous fibrinolysis, and cigarette smoking: a mechanism for arterial thrombosis and myocardial infarction . Circulation99 ( 11 ), 1411 – 1415 ( 1999 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang NN , GudmundsdóttirIJ, BoonNA, LudlamCA, FoxKA, NewbyDE . Marked impairment of protease-activated receptor type 1-mediated vasodilation and fibrinolysis in cigarette smokers . J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.52 ( 1 ), 33 – 39 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolb S , VranckxR, HuisseM-G, MichelJB, MeilhacO . The phosphatidylserine receptor mediates phagocytosis by vascular smooth muscle cells . J. Pathol.212 ( 3 ), 249 – 259 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berk BC . Vascular smooth muscle growth: autocrine growth mechanisms . Physiol. Rev.81 ( 3 ), 999 – 1030 . ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho-Tin-Noe B , MichelJB . Initiation of angiogenesis in atherosclerosis: smooth muscle cells as mediators of the angiogenic response to atheroma formation . Trends Cardiovasc. Med.21 ( 7 ), 183 – 187 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haurani MJ , PaganoPJ . Adventitial fibroblast reactive oxygen species as autacrine and paracrine mediators of remodeling: Bellwether for vascular disease?Cardiovasc. Res.75 ( 4 ), 679 – 689 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padfield GJ , NewbyDE, MillsNL . Understanding the role of endothelial progenitor cells in percutaneous coronary intervention . J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.55 ( 15 ), 1553 – 1565 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvestre-Roig C , de WintherMP, WeberC, DaemenMJ, LutgensE, SoehnleinO . Atherosclerotic plaque destabilization: mechanisms, models, and therapeutic strategies . Circ. Res.114 ( 1 ), 214 – 226 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan C , LeonardiCL, KruegerJGet al. Association between biologic therapies for chronic plaque psoriasis and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . JAMA306 ( 8 ), 864 – 871 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauri L , SilbaughTS, WolfREet al. Long-term clinical outcomes after drug-eluting and bare-metal stenting in Massachusetts . Circulation118 ( 18 ), 1817 – 1827 ( 2008 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakagawa M , NarukoT, IkuraYet al. A decline in platelet activation and inflammatory cell infiltration is associated with the phenotypic redifferentiation of neointimal smooth muscle cells after bare-metal stent implantation in acute coronary syndrome . J. Atheroscler. Thromb.17 ( 7 ), 675 – 687 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welt FGP , EdelmanER, SimonDI, RogersC . Neutrophil, not macrophage, infiltration precedes neointimal thickening in balloon-injured arteries . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.20 ( 12 ), 2553 – 2558 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanguay J-F , HammoudT, GeoffroyP, MerhiY . Chronic platelet and neutrophil adhesion: a causal role for neointimal hyperplasia in in-stent restenosis . J. Endovasc. Ther.10 ( 5 ), 968 – 967 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue T , KatoT, HikichiYet al. Stent-induced neutrophil activation is associated with an oxidative burst in the inflammatory process, leading to neointimal thickening . Thromb. Haemost.95 ( 1 ), 43 – 48 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rittersma SZH , MeuwissenM, LoosCMVDet al. Eosinophilic infiltration in restenotic tissue following coronary stent implantation . Atherosclerosis184 ( 1 ), 157 – 162 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang A , PizzulliL, LüderitzB . Mean platelet volume as marker of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris . Thromb. Res.117 ( 4 ), 371 – 377 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietersma A , KofflardM, De WitLEet al. Late lumen loss after coronary angioplasty is associated with the activation status of circulating phagocytes before treatment . Circulation91 ( 5 ), 1320 – 1325 ( 1995 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton, A, ArnoldN, GunnJet al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist alters the response to vessel wall injury in a porcine coronary artery model . Cardiovasc. Res.68 ( 3 ), 493 – 501 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia ZY , YangH, QuHQ, ChengWD . Impact of carotid artery stenting on plasma interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor and C-reactive protein . Int. Angiol.31 ( 1 ), 28 – 32 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezhov M . Interleukin 6 but not interleukin 10 is associated with restenosis after coronary stenting . Atherosclerosis169 ( 1 ), 193 – 194 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahel B . Preprocedural serum levels of acute-phase reactants and prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention . Cardiovasc. Res.60 ( 1 ), 136 – 140 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojo Y . Interleukin 6 expression in coronary circulation after coronary angioplasty as a risk factor for restenosis . Heart84 ( 1 ), 83 – 87 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tousoulis D , PapageorgiouN, StefanadisC . Is C-reactive protein a prognostic marker after angioplasty?Heart95 ( 12 ), 957 – 959 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang WC , MoonII, LeeKet al. Comparison of inflammatory markers for the prediction of neointimal hyperplasia after percutaneous coronary intervention. A prospective study . Coron. Artery Dis.22 ( 8 ), 526 – 532 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubica J , KozinskiM, Krzewina-KowalskaAet al. Combined periprocedural evaluation of CRP and TNF-α enhances the prediction of clinical restenosis and major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions . Int. J. Mol. Med.16 ( 1 ), 173 – 180 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanizawa S . Expression of platelet derived growth factor B chain and beta receptor in human coronary arteries after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: an immunohistochemical study . Heart75 ( 6 ), 549 ( 1996 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornfeldt KE , RainesEW, NakanoT, GravesLM, KrebsEG, RossR . Insulin-like growth factor-I and platelet-derived growth factor-BB induce directed migration of human arterial smooth muscle cells via signaling pathways that are distinct from those of proliferation . J. Clin. Invest.93 ( 3 ), 1266 – 1274 ( 1994 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchida K , SasaharaM, MorigamiN, HazamaF, KinoshitaM . Expression of platelet-derived growth factor B-chain in neointimal smooth muscle cells of balloon injured rabbit femoral arteries . Atherosclerosis124 ( 1 ), 9 – 23 ( 1996 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santiago Redondo JN , Navarro-DoradoJ, RamajoMet al. Age-dependent defective TGF-beta1 signaling in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting . J. Cardiothorac. Surg.9 ( 1 ), 24 ( 2014 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ishiwata S , TukadaT, NakanishiS, NishiyamaS, SekiA . Postangioplasty restenosis: platelet activation and the coagulation–fibrinolysis system as possible factors in the pathogenesis of restenosis . Am. Heart J.133 ( 4 ), 387 – 392 ( 1997 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furukawa Y , MatsumoriA, OhashiNet al. Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor antibody inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in injured rat carotid arteries . Circ. Res.84 ( 3 ), 306 – 314 ( 1999 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oshima S , OgawaH, HokimotoSet al. Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 antigen levels and the risk of restenosis after coronary stent implantation . Jpn Circ. J.65 ( 4 ), 261 – 264 ( 2001 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ikeda U , ShimadaK, CipolloneF, MezzettiA . Elevated circulating levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with restenosis after coronary angioplasty . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.21 ( 6 ), 1090 – 1091 ( 2001 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farb A , WeberDK, KolodgieFD, BurkeAP, VirmaniR . Morphological predictors of restenosis after coronary stenting in humans . Circulation105 ( 25 ), 2974 – 2980 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz RS , HuberKC, MurphyJGet al. Restenosis and the proportional neointimal response to coronary artery injury: results in a porcine model . J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.19 ( 2 ), 267 – 274 ( 1992 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakano M , OtsukaF, YahagiKet al. Human autopsy study of drug-eluting stents restenosis: histomorphological predictors and neointimal characteristics . Eur. Heart J.34 ( 42 ), 3304 – 3313 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nežić DG , KneževićAM, MilojevićPSet al. The fate of the radial artery conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery . Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.30 ( 2 ), 341 – 346 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneda H , TerashimaM, TakahashiTet al. Mechanisms of lumen narrowing of saphenous vein bypass grafts 12 months after implantation: an intravascular ultrasound study . Am. Heart J.151 ( 3 ), 726 – 729 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sepehripour A , JarralO, ShipoliniA, McCormackD . Does a ‘no-touch’ technique result in better vein patency?Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg.13, 626 – 630 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesebro JH , FusterV, ElvebackLRet al. Effect of dipyridamole and aspirin on late vein-graft patency after coronary bypass operations . N. Engl. J. Med.310 ( 4 ), 209 – 214 ( 1984 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newby AC . Coronary vein grafting: the flags keep waving but the game goes on . Cardiovasc. Res.97 ( 2 ), 193 – 194 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stump M . Endothelium grown from circulating blood on isolated intravascular Dacron hub . Am. J. Pathol.43, 361 – 367 ( 1963 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Q , WuMH-D, HayashidaNet al. Proof of fallout endothelialization of impervious Dacron grafts in the aorta and inferior vena cava of the dog . J. Vasc. Surg.20 ( 4 ), 546 – 557 ( 1994 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asahara T . Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis . Science275 ( 5302 ), 964 – 966 ( 1997 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill JM , ZalosG, HalcoxJPJet al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk . N. Engl. J. Med.348 ( 7 ), 593 – 600 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonello L , BasireA, SabatierF, PaganelleF, Dignat-GeorgeF . Endothelial injury induced by coronary angioplasty triggers mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with stable coronary artery disease . J. Thromb. Haemost.4 ( 5 ), 979 – 981 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marboeuf P , CorseauxD, MouquetF, Van BelleE, JudeB, SusenS . Inflammation triggers CFU-EC mobilization after angioplasty in chronic lower limb ischemia . J. Thromb. Haemost.6 ( 1 ), 195 – 197 ( 2007 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padfield GJ , Tura-CeideO, FreyerEet al. Endothelial progenitor cells, atheroma burden and clinical outcome in patients with coronary artery disease . Heart99 ( 11 ), 791 – 798 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill M , DiasS, HattoriKet al. Vascular trauma induces rapid but transient mobilization of VEGFR2+ AC133+ endothelial precursor cells . Circ. Res.88 ( 2 ), 167 – 174 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peichev M Naiyer AJ , PereiraDet al. Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34+ cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors . Blood95 ( 3 ), 952 – 958 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmermans F , Van HauwermeirenF, De SmedtMet al. Endothelial outgrowth cells are not derived from CD133+ cells or CD45+ hematopoietic precursors . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.27 ( 7 ), 1572 – 1579 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin Y , WeisdorfDJ, SoloveyA, HebbelRP . Origins of circulating endothelial cells and endothelial outgrowth from blood . J. Clin. Invest.105 ( 1 ), 71 – 77 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amini AR , LaurencinCT, NukavarapuSP . Differential analysis of peripheral blood- and bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells for enhanced vascularization in bone tissue engineering . J. Orthop. Res.30 ( 9 ), 1507 – 1515 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuzuki M . Bone marrow-derived cells are not involved in reendothelialized endothelium as endothelial cells after simple endothelial denudation in mice . Basic Res. Cardiol.104 ( 5 ), 601 – 611 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alessandri G , GirelliM, TaccagniGet al. Human vasculogenesis ex vivo: embryonal aorta as a tool for isolation of endothelial cell progenitors . Lab. Invest.81 ( 6 ), 875 – 885 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingram DA . Vessel wall-derived endothelial cells rapidly proliferate because they contain a complete hierarchy of endothelial progenitor cells . Blood105 ( 7 ), 2783 – 2786 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zengin E , ChalajourF, GehlingUMet al. Vascular wall resident progenitor cells: a source for postnatal vasculogenesis . Development133 ( 8 ), 1543 – 1551 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway E , CollenD, CarmelietP . Molecular mechanisms of blood vessel growth . Cardiovasc. Res.49 ( 3 ), 507 – 521 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J-Y , ZhaiL, LiQ-Let al. Effects of ACE inhibition on endothelial progenitor cell mobilization and prognosis after acute myocardial infarction in Type 2 diabetic patients . Clinics68 ( 5 ), 665 – 673 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters S , GottingB, TrummelM, RustH, BrattstromA . Valsartan for prevention of restenosis after stenting of type B2/C lesions:the VAL-PREST trial . J. Invasive Cardiol.13 ( 2 ), 93 – 97 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters S , TrümmelM, MeynersW, KoehlerB, WestermannK . Valsartan versus ACE inhibition after bare metal stent implantation – results of the VALVACE trial . Int. J. Cardiol.98 ( 2 ), 331 – 335 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinmetz M , BrouwersC, NickenigG, WassmannS . Synergistic effects of telmisartan and simvastatin on endothelial progenitor cells . J. Cell Mol. Med.14 ( 6B ), 1645 – 1656 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu Y , FukudaN, YaoE-Het al. Effects of an ARB on endothelial progenitor cell function and cardiovascular oxidation in hypertension . Am. J. Hypertens.21 ( 1 ), 72 – 77 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi N , FukushimaH, TakeshimaHet al. Effect of eplerenone on endothelial progenitor cells and oxidative stress in ischemic hindlimb . Am. J. Hypertens.23 ( 9 ), 1007 – 1013 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung C , FlorvaagA, OberleVet al. Positive effect of eplerenone treatment on endothelial progenitor cells in patients with chronic heart failure . J. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst.13 ( 3 ), 401 – 406 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• fadini GP , AlbieroM, BoscaroEet al. Rosuvastatin stimulates clonogenic potential and anti-inflammatory properties of endothelial progenitor cells . Cell Biol. Int.34 ( 7 ), 709 – 715 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbert B , MaX, PourdjabbarAet al. Pre-procedural atorvastatin mobilizes endothelial progenitor cells: clues to the salutary effects of statins on healing of stented human arteries . PLoS ONE6 ( 1 ), e16413 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paradisi G , BracagliaM, BasileFet al. Effect of pravastatin on endothelial function and endothelial progenitor cells in healthy postmenopausal women . Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol.39 ( 2 ), 153 – 159 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirro M , SchillaciG, RomagnoPFet al. Influence of short-term rosuvastatin therapy on endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial function . J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther.14 ( 1 ), 14 – 21 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baran C , DurduS, DalvaKet al. Effects of preoperative short term use of atorvastatin on endothelial progenitor cells after coronary surgery: a randomized, controlled trial . Stem Cell Rev.8 ( 3 ), 963 – 971 ( 2012 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter DH , ZeiherAM, DimmelerS . Effects of statins on endothelium and their contribution to neovascularization by mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells . Coron. Artery Dis.15 ( 5 ), 235 – 242 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiel AO , MayrFB, LeitnerJM, FirbasC, SieghartW, JilmaB . Simvastatin and rosuvastatin mobilize endothelial progenitor cells but do not prevent their acute decrease during systemic inflammation . Thromb. Res.123 ( 1 ), 108 – 113 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiura T , KondoT, Kureishi-BandoYet al. Nifedipine improves endothelial function: role of endothelial progenitor cells . Hypertension52 ( 3 ), 491 – 498 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Ciuceis C , PiluA, RizzoniDet al. Effect of antihypertensive treatment on circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with mild essential hypertension . Blood Press.20 ( 2 ), 77 – 83 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao EH , FukudaN, MatsumotoTet al. Effects of the antioxidative -blocker celiprolol on endothelial progenitor cells in hypertensive rats . Am. J. Hypertens.21 ( 9 ), 1062 – 1068 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pistrosch F , HerbrigK, OelschlaegelUet al. PPARgamma-agonist rosiglitazone increases number and migratory activity of cultured endothelial progenitor cells . Atherosclerosis183 ( 1 ), 163 – 167 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell TM , PaulJD, HillJMet al. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilizes functional endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary artery disease . Atheroscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.25 ( 2 ), 296 – 301 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Körbling M , ReubenJM, GaoHet al. Recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-mobilized and apheresis-collected endothelial progenitor cells: a novel blood cell component for therapeutic vasculogenesis . Transfusion46 ( 10 ), 1795 – 1802 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong D . Cytokine-induced mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells enhances repair of injured arteries . Circulation110 ( 14 ), 2039 – 2046 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshioka T , TakahashiM, ShibaYet al. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) accelerates reendothelialization and reduces neointimal formation after vascular injury in mice . Cardiovasc. Res.70 ( 1 ), 61 – 69 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang HJ , KimHS, ZhangSYet al. Effects of intracoronary infusion of peripheral blood stem-cells mobilised with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on left ventricular systolic function and restenosis after coronary stenting in myocardial infarction: the MAGIC cell randomised clinical trial . Lancet363, 751 – 756 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ince H , ValgimigliM, PetzschMet al. Cardiovascular events and re-stenosis following administration of G-CSF in acute myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta-analysis . Heart94 ( 5 ), 610 – 616 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill JM , SyedMA, AraiAEet al. Outcomes and risks of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with coronary artery disease . J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.46 ( 9 ), 1643 – 1648 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinwender C , HofmannR, KammlerJet al. Effects of peripheral blood stem cell mobilization with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and their transcoronary transplantation after primary stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction . Am. Heart J.151 ( 6 ), 1296.e7 – 13 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki K , NagashimaK, AraiMet al. Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment at a low dose but for a long duration in patients with coronary heart disease . Jpn Circ. J.70 ( 4 ), 430 – 437 ( 2006 ).
   Google Scholar
• Meier P , GloeklerS, de MarchiSFet al. Myocardial salvage through coronary collateral growth by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in chronic coronary artery disease: a controlled randomized trial . Circulation120 ( 14 ), 1337 – 1338 ( 2009 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner N . Intravenous transfusion of endothelial progenitor cells reduces neointima formation after vascular injury . Circ. Res.93 ( 2 ), 17 – 24 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulati R . Autologous culture-modified mononuclear cells confer vascular protection after arterial injury . Circulation108 ( 12 ), 1520 – 1526 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X , HuangL, YinY, FangY, ZhouY . Autologous endothelial progenitor cells transplantation promoting endothelial recovery in mice . Transpl. Int.20 ( 8 ), 712 – 721 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasala GP , SilvaJA, GardnerPA, MinguellJJ . Combination stem cell therapy for the treatment of severe limb ischemia: safety and efficacy analysis . Angiology61 ( 6 ), 551 – 556 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasala GP , SilvaJA, KusnickBA, MinguellJJ . Combination stem cell therapy for the treatment of medically refractory coronary ischemia: a Phase I study . Cardiovasc. Revasc. Med.12 ( 1 ), 29 – 34 ( 2011 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy MP , LawsonJH, RappBMet al. Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy is safe and promotes amputation-free survival in patients with critical limb ischemia . J. Vasc. Surg.53 ( 6 ), 1565 – 1574.e1 ( 2011 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erbs S , LinkeA, AdamsVet al. Transplantation of blood-derived progenitor cells after recanalization of chronic coronary artery occlusion: first randomized and placebo-controlled study . Circ. Res.97 ( 8 ), 756 – 762 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle AJ , WhitbournR, SchlichtSet al. Intra-coronary high-dose CD34+ stem cells in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease: a 12-month follow-up . Int. J. Cardiol.109 ( 1 ), 21 – 27 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuma J , Fernandez-VinaR, CarrascoAet al. Safety and feasibility of percutaneous retrograde coronary sinus delivery of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with chronic refractory angina . J. Transl. Med.9, 183 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losordo DW , HenryTD, DavidsonCet al. Intramyocardial, autologous CD34+ cell therapy for refractory angina . Circ. Res.109 ( 4 ), 428 – 436 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losordo DW , KibbeMR, MendelsohnFet al. A randomized, controlled pilot study of autologous CD34+ cell therapy for critical limb ischemia . Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv.5 ( 6 ), 821 – 830 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowbar A , MielewczikM, KaravassilisMet al. Discrepancies in autologous bone marrow stem cell trials and enhancement of ejection fraction (DAMASCENE): weighted regression and meta-analysis . BMJ.28 : 348 ( 2014 ).
   Google Scholar
• Povsic TJ , JungeC, NadaAet al. A Phase 3, randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled, unblinded standard of care study assessing the efficacy and safety of intramyocardial autologous CD34+ cell administration in patients with refractory angina: design of the RENEW study . Am. Heart J.165 ( 6 ), 854 – 861 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muylaert DE , FledderusJO, BoutenCV, DankersPY, VerhaarMC . Combining tissue repair and tissue engineering; bioactivating implantable cell-free vascular scaffolds . Heart100 ( 23 ), 1825 – 1830 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAllister TN , MaruszewskiM, GarridoSAet al. Effectiveness of haemodialysis access with an autologous tissue-engineered vascular graft: a multicentre cohort study . Lancet373 ( 9673 ), 1440 – 1446 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojakowski W , PyrlikA, KrolMet al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells are inversely correlated with in-stent restenosis in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes treated with EPC-capture stents (JACK-EPC trial) . Minerva Cardioangiol.61 ( 3 ), 301 – 311 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silber S , DammanP, KlompMet al. Clinical results after coronary stenting with the Genous Bio-engineered R stent: 12-month outcomes of the e-HEALING (Healthy Endothelial Accelerated Lining Inhibits Neointimal Growth) worldwide registry . Eurointervention6 ( 7 ), 819 – 825 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klomp M , BeijkMA, VarmaCet al. 1-year outcome of TRIAS HR (TRI-Stent Adjudication Study – High Risk of Restenosis) . JACC Cardiovasc. Interv.4 ( 8 ), 896 – 904 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takabatake S , HayashiK, NakanishiCet al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-bound stents: application of in situ capture technology of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in porcine coronary model . J. Interv. Cardiol.27 ( 1 ), 63 – 72 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pernagallo S , TuraO, SamuelKet al. Novel biopolymers to enhance endothelialisation of intra-vascular devices . Adv. Healthc. Mater.1 ( 5 ), 646 – 656 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim W-H , SeoW-W, ChoeWet al. Stent coated with antibody against vascular endothelial-cadherin captures endothelial progenitor cells, accelerates re-endothelialization, and reduces neointimal formation . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.31 ( 12 ), 2798 – 2805 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haude M , LeeSWL, WorthleySGet al. The REMEDEE trial: a randomized comparison of a combination sirolimus-eluting endothelial progenitor cell capture stent with a paclitaxel-eluting stent . JACC Cardiovasc. Interv.6 ( 4 ), 334 – 343 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar