Quad-shot-immunotherapy: quad-shot radiotherapy with pembrolizumab for advanced/recurrent head and neck cancer

References

• Siegel RL , MillerKD, JemalA. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J. Clin.70(1), 7–30 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weller MA , WardMC, BerriochoaCet al. Predictors of distant metastasis in human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Head Neck39(5), 940–946 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trosman SJ , KoyfmanSA, WardMCet al. Effect of human papillomavirus on patterns of distant metastatic failure in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy. JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.141(5), 457–462 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adelstein DJ , LiY, AdamsGLet al. An intergroup phase III comparison of standard radiation therapy and two schedules of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable squamous cell head and neck cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.21(1), 92–98 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marur S , ForastiereAA. Head and neck cancer: changing epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Mayo Clin. Proc.83(4), 489–501 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernier J , DomengeC, OzsahinMet al. Postoperative irradiation with or without concomitant chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.350(19), 1945–1952 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper JS , PajakTF, ForastiereAAet al. Postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for high-risk squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N. Engl. J. Med.350(19), 1937–1944 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coatesworth AP , TsikoudasA, MaclennanK. The cause of death in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J. Laryngol. Otol.116(4), 269–271 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Comprehensive Cancer Network . Head and neck cancers (version 2.2022) (2022). www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/head-and-neck.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vermorken JB , MesiaR, RiveraFet al. Platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in head and neck cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.359(11), 1116–1127 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferris RL , BlumenscheinGJr, FayetteJet al. Nivolumab for recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N. Engl. J. Med.375(19), 1856–1867 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seiwert TY , BurtnessB, MehraRet al. Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-012): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol.17(7), 956–965 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow LQM , HaddadR, GuptaSet al. Antitumor activity of pembrolizumab in biomarker-unselected patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: results from the phase Ib KEYNOTE-012 expansion cohort. J. Clin. Oncol.34(32), 3838–3845 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen EEW , SoulieresD, LeTourneau Cet al. Pembrolizumab versus methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab for recurrent or metastatic head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-040): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet393(10167), 156–167 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burtness B , HarringtonKJ, GreilRet al. Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy versus cetuximab with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-048): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet394(10212), 1915–1928 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burtness B , RischinD, GreilRet al. Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in KEYNOTE-048: subgroup analysis by programmed death ligand-1 combined positive score. J. Clin. Oncol.40(21), 2321–2332 (2022).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iqbal MS , KellyC, KovarikJet al. Palliative radiotherapy for locally advanced non-metastatic head and neck cancer: a systematic review. Radiother. Oncol.126(3), 558–567 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spanos W Jr , GuseC, PerezC, GrigsbyP, DoggettRL, PoulterC. Phase II study of multiple daily fractionations in the palliation of advanced pelvic malignancies: preliminary report of RTOG 8502. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.17(3), 659–661 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paris KJ , SpanosWJ, LindbergRD, JoseB, AlbrinkF. Phase I–II study of multiple daily fractions for palliation of advanced head and neck malignancies. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.25(4), 657–660 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lok BH , JiangG, GutiontovSet al. Palliative head and neck radiotherapy with the RTOG 8502 regimen for incurable primary or metastatic cancers. Oral Oncol.51(10), 957–962 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corry J , PetersLJ, D’CostaIet al. The ‘QUAD SHOT’ – a phase II study of palliative radiotherapy for incurable head and neck cancer. Radiother. Oncol.77(2), 137–142 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnegan TS , BhattNH, ShaughnessyJNet al. Cyclical hypofractionated radiotherapy technique for palliative treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer: institutional experience and review of palliative regimens. J. Community Support. Oncol.14(1), 29–36 (2016).
   Google Scholar
• Carrascosa LA , YasharCM, ParisKJ, LaroccaRV, FaughtSR, SpanosWJ. Palliation of pelvic and head and neck cancer with paclitaxel and a novel radiotherapy regimen. J. Palliat. Med.10(4), 877–881 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen AM , VaughanA, NarayanS, VijayakumarS. Palliative radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: toward an optimal fractionation scheme. Head Neck30(12), 1586–1591 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamez ME , AgarwalM, HuKS, LukensJN, HarrisonLB. Hypofractionated palliative radiotherapy with concurrent radiosensitizing chemotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer using the ‘QUAD-SHOT regimen’. Anticancer Res.37(2), 685–691 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisz JA , BansalN, QianJ, ZhaoW, FurduiCM. Effects of ionizing radiation on biological molecules – mechanisms of damage and emerging methods of detection. Antioxid. Redox Signal.21(2), 260–292 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crittenden MR , ZebertavageL, KramerGet al. Tumor cure by radiation therapy and checkpoint inhibitors depends on pre-existing immunity. Sci. Rep.8(1), 7012 (2018).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arnold KM , FlynnNJ, RabenAet al. The impact of radiation on the tumor microenvironment: effect of dose and fractionation schedules. Cancer Growth Metastasis11, 1179064418761639 (2018).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manukian G , Bar-AdV, LuB, ArgirisA, JohnsonJM. Combining radiation and immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front. Oncol.9, 122 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demaria S , KawashimaN, YangAMet al. Immune-mediated inhibition of metastases after treatment with local radiation and CTLA-4 blockade in a mouse model of breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.11(2), 728 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dovedi SJ , AdlardAL, Lipowska-BhallaGet al. Acquired resistance to fractionated radiotherapy can be overcome by concurrent PD-L1 blockade. Cancer Res.74(19), 5458 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demaria S , FormentiSC. Radiation as an immunological adjuvant: current evidence on dose and fractionation. Front. Oncol.2, 153 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang X , SchoenhalsJE, LiAet al. Suppression of type I IFN signaling in tumors mediates resistance to anti-PD-1 treatment that can be overcome by radiotherapy. Cancer Res.77(4), 839–850 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman D , BairdJR, YoungKHet al. Programmed cell death-1 blockade enhances response to stereotactic radiation in an orthotopic murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol. Res.47(7), 702–714 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsh JW , HeymachJV, ChenDet al. Phase I trial of pembrolizumab and radiation therapy after induction chemotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. J. Thorac. Oncol.15(2), 266–273 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong S , Torres-SaavedraP, LeQTet al. Safety of reRT with SBRT plus concurrent and adjuvant pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent or new second primary head and neck squamous cell cancer in a previously irradiated field: RTOG 3507 Foundation (KEYSTROKE). Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.106(5), 1224–1225 (2020).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewan MZ , GallowayAE, KawashimaNet al. Fractionated but not single-dose radiotherapy induces an immune-mediated abscopal effect when combined with anti-CTLA-4 antibody. Clin. Cancer Res.15(17), 5379–5388 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young KH , BairdJR, SavageTet al. Optimizing timing of immunotherapy improves control of tumors by hypofractionated radiation therapy. PLOS ONE11(6), e0157164 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centanni M , MoesDJAR, TrocónizIF, CiccoliniJ, van HasseltJGC. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clin. Pharmacokinet.58(7), 835–857 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinde A , NovakJ, FreemanML, GlaserS, AminiA. Induction of the abscopal effect with immunotherapy and palliative radiation in metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Cureus11(3), e4201 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US FDA . Keytruda (pembrolizumab) [package insert] (2019). www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/125514s055s056lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar