1,869
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency or microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a review

, , , &
Article: HEP07 | Received 31 Dec 2017, Accepted 19 Jun 2018, Published online: 28 Sep 2018

References

  • Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J. Clin. 55(2), 74–108 (2005).
  • Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int. J. Cancer 127(12), 2893–2917 (2010).
  • El-Serag HB. Hepatocellular carcinoma: an epidemiologic view. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 35(5 Suppl. 2), S72–S78 (2002).
  • European Association for the Study of the Liver, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 56(4), 908–943 (2012).
  • Gandini S, Botteri E, Iodice S et al. Tobacco smoking and cancer: a meta-analysis. Int. J. Cancer 122(1), 155–164 (2008).
  • Kowdley KV. Iron, hemochromatosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 127(5 Suppl. 1), S79–S86 (2004).
  • Maheshwari S, Sarraj A, Kramer J, El-Serag HB. Oral contraception and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 47(4), 506–513 (2007).
  • Liu Y, Wu F. Global burden of aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a risk assessment. Environ. Health Perspect. 118(6), 818–824 (2010).
  • Bruix J, Sherman M, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology 53(3), 1020–1022 (2011).
  • Trevisani F, D’intino PE, Morselli-Labate AM et al. Serum alpha-fetoprotein for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: influence of HBsAg and anti-HCV status. J. Hepatol. 34(4), 570–575 (2001).
  • Waghray A, Murali AR, Menon KN. Hepatocellular carcinoma: from diagnosis to treatment. World J. Hepatol. 7(8), 1020–1029 (2015).
  • Liu X, Cheng Y, Sheng W et al. Clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors in alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancers: analysis of 104 cases. J. Surg. Oncol. 102(3), 249–255 (2010).
  • Sterling RK, Wright EC, Morgan TR et al. Frequency of elevated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers in patients with advanced hepatitis C. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 107(1), 64–74 (2012).
  • Chen DS, Sung JL, Sheu JC et al. Serum alpha-fetoprotein in the early stage of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 86(6), 1404–1409 (1984).
  • Zhao YJ, Ju Q, Li GC. Tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol. Clin. Oncol. 1(4), 593–598 (2013).
  • Colli A, Fraquelli M, Casazza G et al. Accuracy of ultrasonography, spiral CT, magnetic resonance, and alpha-fetoprotein in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 101(3), 513–523 (2006).
  • Achkar JP, Araya V, Baron RL, Marsh JW, Dvorchik I, Rakela J. Undetected hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical features and outcome after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. Surg. 4(6), 477–482 (1998).
  • Baron RL, Brancatelli G. Computed tomographic imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 127(5 Suppl. 1), S133–S143 (2004).
  • Sangiovanni A, Manini MA, Iavarone M et al. The diagnostic and economic impact of contrast imaging techniques in the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Gut 59(5), 638–644 (2010).
  • Willatt JM, Hussain HK, Adusumilli S, Marrero JA. MR Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver: challenges and controversies. Radiology 247(2), 311–330 (2008).
  • Libbrecht L, Bielen D, Verslype C et al. Focal lesions in cirrhotic explant livers: pathological evaluation and accuracy of pretransplantation imaging examinations. Liver Transpl. 8(9), 749–761 (2002).
  • Attwa MH, El-Etreby SA. Guide for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Hepatol. 7(12), 1632–1651 (2015).
  • Mitchell DG, Bruix J, Sherman M, Sirlin CB. LI-RADS (Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System): summary, discussion, and consensus of the LI-RADS Management Working Group and future directions. Hepatology 61(3), 1056–1065 (2015).
  • Sangiovanni A, Del Ninno E, Fasani P et al. Increased survival of cirrhotic patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma detected during surveillance. Gastroenterology 126(4), 1005–1014 (2004).
  • Llovet JM, Fuster J, Bruix J, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Group. The Barcelona approach: diagnosis, staging, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 10(2 Suppl. 1), S115–S120 (2004).
  • El-Serag HB. Hepatocellular carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 365(12), 1118–1127 (2011).
  • Raza A, Sood GK. Hepatocellular carcinoma review: current treatment, and evidence-based medicine. World J. Gastroenterol. 20(15), 4115–4127 (2014).
  • Bruix J, Sherman M, Llovet JM et al. Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference. European Association for the Study of the Liver. J. Hepatol. 35(3), 421–430 (2001).
  • Kawano Y, Sasaki A, Kai S et al. Short- and long-term outcomes after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with concomitant esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 15(6), 1670–1676 (2008).
  • Beard RE, Hanto DW, Gautam S, Miksad RA. A comparison of surgical outcomes for noncirrhotic and cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma patients in a Western institution. Surgery 154(3), 545–555 (2013).
  • Santambrogio R, Kluger MD, Costa M et al. Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Child-Pugh’s A cirrhosis: is clinical evidence of portal hypertension a contraindication? HPB (Oxford) 15(1), 78–84 (2013).
  • Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 334(11), 693–699 (1996).
  • Mazzaferro V, Bhoori S, Sposito C et al. Milan criteria in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an evidence-based analysis of 15 years of experience. Liver transpl. 17(Suppl. 2), S44–S57 (2011).
  • Silva MF, Sherman M. Criteria for liver transplantation for HCC: what should the limits be? J. Hepatol. 55(5), 1137–1147 (2011).
  • Patel SS, Arrington AK, Mckenzie S et al. Milan Criteria and UCSF Criteria: a preliminary comparative study of liver transplantation outcomes in the United States. Int. J. Hepatol. 2012, 253517 (2012).
  • Cheng AL, Kang YK, Chen Z et al. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a Phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 10(1), 25–34 (2009).
  • Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V et al. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 359(4), 378–390 (2008).
  • Toh HC, Chen PJ, Carr BI et al. Phase 2 trial of linifanib (ABT-869) in patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 119(2), 380–387 (2013).
  • Finn RS, Kang YK, Mulcahy M et al. Phase II, open-label study of brivanib as second-line therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 18(7), 2090–2098 (2012).
  • Zhu AX, Abrams TA, Miksad R et al. Phase 1/2 study of everolimus in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 117(22), 5094–5102 (2011).
  • Rim CH, Seong J. Application of radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in current clinical practice guidelines. Radiat. Oncol. J. 34(3), 160–167 (2016).
  • Sanuki N, Takeda A, Kunieda E. Role of stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol. 20(12), 3100–3111 (2014).
  • Memon K, Lewandowski RJ, Kulik L, Riaz A, Mulcahy MF, Salem R. Radioembolization for primary and metastatic liver cancer. Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 21(4), 294–302 (2011).
  • Kulik LM, Atassi B, Van Holsbeeck L et al. Yttrium-90 microspheres (TheraSphere) treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: downstaging to resection, RFA and bridge to transplantation. J. Surg. Oncol. 94(7), 572–586 (2006).
  • Moreno-Luna LE, Yang JD, Sanchez W et al. Efficacy and safety of transarterial radioembolization versus chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 36(3), 714–723 (2013).
  • Thomas MB, Jaffe D, Choti MM et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: consensus recommendations of the National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Planning Meeting. J. Clin. Oncol. 28(25), 3994–4005 (2010).
  • Forner A, Llovet JM, Bruix J. Chemoembolization for intermediate HCC: is there proof of survival benefit? J. Hepatol. 56(4), 984–986 (2012).
  • Yamada R, Sato M, Kawabata M, Nakatsuka H, Nakamura K, Takashima S. Hepatic artery embolization in 120 patients with unresectable hepatoma. Radiology 148(2), 397–401 (1983).
  • Lewandowski RJ, Geschwind JF, Liapi E, Salem R. Transcatheter intraarterial therapies: rationale and overview. Radiology 259(3), 641–657 (2011).
  • Golfieri R, Cappelli A, Cucchetti A et al. Efficacy of selective transarterial chemoembolization in inducing tumor necrosis in small (<5 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas. Hepatology 53(5), 1580–1589 (2011).
  • Sieghart W, Hucke F, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Transarterial chemoembolization: modalities, indication, and patient selection. J. Hepatol. 62(5), 1187–1195 (2015).
  • Llovet JM, Bruix J. Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: chemoembolization improves survival. Hepatology 37(2), 429–442 (2003).
  • Camma C, Schepis F, Orlando A et al. Transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Radiology 224(1), 47–54 (2002).
  • Lammer J, Malagari K, Vogl T et al. Prospective randomized study of doxorubicin-eluting-bead embolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: results of the PRECISION V study. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 33(1), 41–52 (2010).
  • Xia J, Ren Z, Ye S et al. Study of severe and rare complications of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for liver cancer. Eur. J. Radiol. 59(3), 407–412 (2006).
  • Brown DB, Nikolic B, Covey AM et al. Quality improvement guidelines for transhepatic arterial chemoembolization, embolization, and chemotherapeutic infusion for hepatic malignancy. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 23(3), 287–294 (2012).
  • Berger DH, Carrasco CH, Hohn DC, Curley SA. Hepatic artery chemoembolization or embolization for primary and metastatic liver tumors: post-treatment management and complications. J. Surg. Oncol. 60(2), 116–121 (1995).
  • Marelli L, Stigliano R, Triantos C et al. Transarterial therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: which technique is more effective? A systematic review of cohort and randomized studies. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 30(1), 6–25 (2007).
  • Brace CL. Radiofrequency and microwave ablation of the liver, lung, kidney, and bone: what are the differences? Curr. Probl. Diagn. Radiol. 38(3), 135–143 (2009).
  • Goldberg SN, Gazelle GS, Mueller PR. Thermal ablation therapy for focal malignancy: a unified approach to underlying principles, techniques, and diagnostic imaging guidance. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 174(2), 323–331 (2000).
  • Poulou LS, Botsa E, Thanou I, Ziakas PD, Thanos L. Percutaneous microwave ablation vs radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Hepatol. 7(8), 1054–1063 (2015).
  • Crocetti L, De Baere T, Lencioni R. Quality improvement guidelines for radiofrequency ablation of liver tumours. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 33(1), 11–17 (2010).
  • Livraghi T, Meloni F, Di Stasi M et al. Sustained complete response and complications rates after radiofrequency ablation of very early hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: Is resection still the treatment of choice? Hepatology 47(1), 82–89 (2008).
  • Brunello F, Veltri A, Carucci P et al. Radiofrequency ablation versus ethanol injection for early hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 43(6), 727–735 (2008).
  • Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Li B et al. Meta-analysis of radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol. 10, 78 (2010).
  • Imai K, Beppu T, Chikamoto A et al. Comparison between hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation as first-line treatment for solitary small-sized hepatocellular carcinoma of 3 cm or less. Hepatol. Res. 43(8), 853–864 (2013).
  • Choi D, Lim HK, Rhim H et al. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma as a first-line treatment: long-term results and prognostic factors in a large single-institution series. Eur. Radiol. 17(3), 684–692 (2007).
  • Lin SM, Lin CJ, Lin CC, Hsu CW, Chen YC. Radiofrequency ablation improves prognosis compared with ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma < or = 4 cm. Gastroenterology 127(6), 1714–1723 (2004).
  • Takahashi S, Kudo M, Chung H et al. Initial treatment response is essential to improve survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent curative radiofrequency ablation therapy. Oncology 72(Suppl. 1), 98–103 (2007).
  • De Baere T, Risse O, Kuoch V et al. Adverse events during radiofrequency treatment of 582 hepatic tumors. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 181(3), 695–700 (2003).
  • Livraghi T, Solbiati L, Meloni F, Ierace T, Goldberg SN, Gazelle GS. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases in potential candidates for resection: the ’test-of-time approach’. Cancer 97(12), 3027–3035 (2003).
  • Brace CL. Microwave tissue ablation: biophysics, technology, and applications. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 38(1), 65–78 (2010).
  • Simon CJ, Dupuy DE, Mayo-Smith WW. Microwave ablation: principles and applications. Radiographics 25(Suppl. 1), S69–S83 (2005).
  • Ward RC, Healey TT, Dupuy DE. Microwave ablation devices for interventional oncology. Expert Rev. Med. Devices 10(2), 225–238 (2013).
  • Shibata T, Iimuro Y, Yamamoto Y et al. Small hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of radio-frequency ablation and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy. Radiology 223(2), 331–337 (2002).
  • Lloyd DM, Lau KN, Welsh F et al. International multicentre prospective study on microwave ablation of liver tumours: preliminary results. HPB (Oxford). 13(8), 579–585 (2011).
  • Wang T, Lu XJ, Chi JC et al. Microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma as first-line treatment: long term outcomes and prognostic factors in 221 patients. Sci. Rep. 6, 32728 (2016).
  • Liang P, Yu J, Lu MD et al. Practice guidelines for ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for hepatic malignancy. World J. Gastroenterol. 19(33), 5430–5438 (2013).
  • Buscarini L, Buscarini E, Di Stasi M, Quaretti P, Zangrandi A. Percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation combined with transcatheter arterial embolization in the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma. Ultraschall Med. 20(2), 47–53 (1999).
  • Bloomston M, Binitie O, Fraiji E et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with or without radiofrequency ablation in the management of patients with advanced hepatic malignancy. Am. Surg. 68(9), 827–831 (2002).
  • Shibata T, Isoda H, Hirokawa Y, Arizono S, Shimada K, Togashi K. Small hepatocellular carcinoma: is radiofrequency ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization more effective than radiofrequency ablation alone for treatment? Radiology 252(3), 905–913 (2009).
  • Gasparini D, Sponza M, Marzio A, Zanardi R, Bazzocchi M, Cemal Y. Combined treatment, TACE and RF ablation, in HCC: preliminary results. La Radiologia medica 104(5–6), 412–420 (2002).
  • Lee MW, Kim YJ, Park SW et al. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of small hepatocellular carcinoma invisible on both ultrasonography and unenhanced CT: a preliminary study of combined treatment with transarterial chemoembolisation. Br. J. Radiol. 82(983), 908–915 (2009).
  • Hyun D, Cho SK, Shin SW, Rhim H, Koh KC, Paik SW. Treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (</=2 cm) in the caudate lobe with sequential transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 39(7), 1015–1022 (2016).
  • Yang W, Chen MH, Wang MQ et al. Combination therapy of radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy compared with single treatment. Hepatol. Res. 39(3), 231–240 (2009).
  • Wang X, Hu Y, Ren M, Lu X, Lu G, He S. Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinomas compared with radiofrequency ablation alone: a time-to-event meta-analysis. Korean J. Radiol. 17(1), 93–102 (2016).
  • Cheng BQ, Jia CQ, Liu CT et al. Chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 3 cm: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299(14), 1669–1677 (2008).
  • Kim JH, Won HJ, Shin YM et al. Medium-sized (3.1–5.0 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma: transarterial chemoembolization plus radiofrequency ablation versus radiofrequency ablation alone. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 18(6), 1624–1629 (2011).
  • Veltri A, Moretto P, Doriguzzi A, Pagano E, Carrara G, Gandini G. Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as a combined therapy for unresectable non-early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Eur. Radiol. 16(3), 661–669 (2006).
  • Tang C, Shen J, Feng W et al. Combination therapy of radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study. Medicine 95(20), e3754 (2016).
  • Chen QW, Ying HF, Gao S et al. Radiofrequency ablation plus chemoembolization versus radiofrequency ablation alone for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol. 40(3), 309–314 (2016).
  • Yan S, Xu D, Sun B. Combination of radiofrequency ablation with transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 57(11), 3026–3031 (2012).
  • Lu Z, Wen F, Guo Q, Liang H, Mao X, Sun H. Radiofrequency ablation plus chemoembolization versus radiofrequency ablation alone for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 25(2), 187–194 (2013).
  • Gu L, Liu H, Fan L et al. Treatment outcomes of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with local ablative therapy versus monotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 140(2), 199–210 (2014).
  • Seki T, Tamai T, Nakagawa T et al. Combination therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 89(6), 1245–1251 (2000).
  • Yang WZ, Jiang N, Huang N, Huang JY, Zheng QB, Shen Q. Combined therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and percutaneous microwave coagulation for small hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol. 15(6), 748–752 (2009).
  • Yi Y, Zhang Y, Wei Q et al. Radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by comparing with radiofrequency ablation alone. Chin. J. Cancer Res. 26(1), 112–118 (2014).
  • Xu LF, Sun HL, Chen YT et al. Large primary hepatocellular carcinoma: transarterial chemoembolization monotherapy versus combined transarterial chemoembolization-percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 28(3), 456–463 (2013).
  • Liu C, Liang P, Liu F et al. MWA combined with TACE as a combined therapy for unresectable large-sized hepotocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Hyperthermia 27(7), 654–662 (2011).
  • Li W, Man W, Guo H, Yang P. Clinical study of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with microwave ablation in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Cancer Res. Ther. 12(Suppl.), C217–C220 (2016).