99
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Immunization of Newborn and Adult Mice with Low Numbers of BCG Leads to Th1 Responses, Th1 Imprints and Enhanced Protection Upon BCG Challenge

, , &
Pages 25-35 | Published online: 17 Dec 2009

Bibliography

  • Trunz BB , FineP, DyeC: Effect of BCG vaccination on childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis worldwide: a meta- analysis and assessment of cost–effectiveness.Lancet367(9517) , 1173–1180 (2006).
  • Comstock GW , PalmerCE: Long-term results of BCG vaccination in the southern united states.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.93(2) , 171–183 (1966).
  • Baily GV : Tuberculosis prevention trial, madras.Indian J. Med. Res.72(Suppl.) 1–74 (1980).
  • Hart PD , SutherlandI: BCG and vole bacillus vaccines in the prevention of tuberculosis in adolescence and early adult life.Br. Med. J.2(6082) , 293–295 (1977).
  • Aronson NE , SantoshamM, ComstockGW et al.: Long-term efficacy of BCG vaccine in American–Indians and Alaska natives: a 60-year follow-up study.JAMA291(17) , 2086–2091 (2004).
  • Bretscher P , MenonJ, PowerC, UzonnaJ, WeiG: A case for a neonatal, low-dose BCG vaccination trial.Scand. J. Infect. Dis.33(4) , 253–257 (2001).
  • Rook GA : Th2 cytokines in susceptibility to tuberculosis.Curr. Mol. Med.7(3) , 327–337 (2007).
  • Demissie A , AbebeM, AseffaA et al.: Healthy individuals that control a latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis express high levels of Th1 cytokines and the IL-4 antagonist IL-4δ2.J. Immunol.172(11) , 6938–6943 (2004).
  • Ordway DJ , MartinsMS, CostaLM et al.: Increased IL-4 production in response to virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tuberculosis patients with advanced disease.Acta Med. Port.18(1) , 27–36 (2005).
  • Lienhardt C , AzzurriA, AmedeiA et al.: Active tuberculosis in Africa is associated with reduced Th1 and increased Th2 activity in vivo.Eur. J. Immunol.32(6) , 1605–1613 (2002).
  • Bretscher PA , IsmailN, MenonJN, PowerCA, UzonnaU, WeiW: Vaccination against and treatment of tuberculosis, the leishmaniasis and AIDS: perspectives from basic immunology and immunity to chronic intracellular infections.Cell. Mol. Life Sci.58 , 1879–1896 (2001).
  • Hamilton D , IsmailN, KroegerD, RudulierC, BretscherP: Macroimmunology and immunotherapy of cancer.Immunotherapy1(3) , 367–383 (2009).
  • Bretscher PA , WeiG, MenonJN, Bielefeldt-OhmannH: Establishment of stable, cell-mediated immunity that makes ‘susceptible‘ mice resistant to Leishmania major.Science257(5069) , 539–542 (1992).
  • Menon JN , BretscherPA: Characterization of the immunological memory state generated in mice susceptible to L. major following exposure to low doses of L. major and resulting in resistance to a normally pathogenic challenge.Eur. J. Immunol.26(1) , 243–249 (1996).
  • Murphy D , Corner La, Gormley E: Adverse reactions to Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculosis in humans, veterinary animals and wildlife species. Tuberculosis (Edinb.)88(4) , 344–357 (2008).
  • Buddle BM , PollockJM, SkinnerMA, WedlockDN: Development of vaccines to control bovine tuberculosis in cattle and relationship to vaccine development for other intracellular pathogens.Int. J. Parasitol.33(5–6) , 555–566 (2003).
  • Buddle BM , De Lisle GW, Pfeffer A, Aldwell FE: Immunological responses and protection against Mycobacterium bovis in calves vaccinated with a low dose of BCG. Vaccine13(12) , 1123–1130 (1995).
  • Buddle BM , DenisM, AldwellFE, VordermeierMH, HewinsonGR, WedlockND: Vaccination of cattle with Mycobacterium bovis BCG by a combination of systemic and oral routes.Tuberculosis (Edinb.)88(6) , 595–600 (2008).
  • Power CA , WeiG, BretscherPA: Mycobacterial dose defines the Th1/Th2 nature of the immune response independently of whether immunization is administered by the intravenous, subcutaneous, or intradermal route.Infect. Immun.66(12) , 5743–5750 (1998).
  • Young SL , SlobbeL, WilsonR, BuddleBM, De Lisle GW, Buchan GS: Environmental strains of Mycobacterium avium interfere with immune responses associated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination. Infect. Immun.75(6) , 2833–2840 (2007).
  • Adkins B , BuY, VincekV, GuevaraP: The primary responses of murine neonatal lymph node CD4+ cells are Th2-skewed and are sufficient for the development of Th2-biased memory.Clin. Dev. Immunol.10(1) , 43–51 (2003).
  • Barrios C , BrawandP, BerneyM, BrandtC, LambertPH, SiegristCA: Neonatal and early life immune responses to various forms of vaccine antigens qualitatively differ from adult responses: predominance of a Th2-biased pattern which persists after adult boosting.Eur. J. Immunol.26(7) , 1489–1496 (1996).
  • Gros P , SkameneE, ForgetA: Genetic control of natural resistance to Mycobacterium bovis(BCG) in mice.J. Immunol.127(6) , 2417–2421 (1981).
  • North RJ , JungYJ: Immunity to tuberculosis.Annu. Rev. Immunol.22 , 599–623 (2004).
  • Bretscher PA : In vitro induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity.Eur. J. Immunol.9(4) , 311–316 (1979).
  • Power CA , GrandCL, IsmailN, PetersNC, YurkowskiDP, BretscherPA: A valid ELISPOT assay for enumeration of ex vivo, antigen-specific, IFN-γ-producing T cells.J. Immunol. Methods227(1–2) , 99–107 (1999).
  • Taguchi T , McgheeJR, CoffmanRL et al.: Detection of individual mouse splenic T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-5 using the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay.J. Immunol. Methods128(1) , 65–73 (1990).
  • Kiros TG : Low dose BCG vaccination in mice: immune responses and implications for tuberculosis control. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. University of Saskatchewan, Canada. PhD thesis, 250 (2007).
  • Xiao SY , LiY, ChenWF: Kinetics of thymocyte developmental process in fetal and neonatal mice.Cell. Res.13(4) , 265–273 (2003).
  • Siegrist CA : The challenges of vaccine responses in early life: selected examples.J. Comp. Pathol.137(Suppl. 1) , S4–S9 (2007).
  • Marchant A , GoetghebuerT, Ota Mo et al.: Newborns develop a Th1-type immune response to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guerin vaccination. J. Immunol.163(4) , 2249–2255 (1999).
  • Soares AP , ScribaTJ, JosephS et al.: Bacillus Calmette–Guerin vaccination of human newborns induces T cells with complex cytokine and phenotypic profiles.J. Immunol.180(5) , 3569–3577 (2008).
  • Cooper AM , MagramJ, FerranteJ, OrmeIM: Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is crucial to the development of protective immunity in mice intravenously infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.J. Exp. Med.186(1) , 39–45 (1997).
  • Gardam MA , KeystoneEC, MenziesR et al.: Anti-tumour necrosis factor agents and tuberculosis risk: mechanisms of action and clinical management.Lancet Infect. Dis.3(3) , 148–155 (2003).
  • Flynn JL , ChanJ, TrieboldKJ, DaltonDK, StewartTA, BloomBR: An essential role for interferon γ in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.J. Exp. Med.178(6) , 2249–2254 (1993).
  • Ottenhoff TH , De Boer T, Van Dissel JT, Verreck FA: Human deficiencies in type-1 cytokine receptors reveal the essential role of type-1 cytokines in immunity to intracellular bacteria. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.531 , 279–294 (2003).
  • Sarzotti M , RobbinsDS, Hoffman Pm: Induction of protective CTL responses in newborn mice by a murine retrovirus. Science271(5256) , 1726–1728 (1996).
  • Fadel SA , OzakiDA, SarzottiM: Enhanced type 1 immunity after secondary viral challenge in mice primed as neonates.J. Immunol.169(6) , 3293–3300 (2002).
  • Steinman L : A brief history of Th17, the first major revision in the Th1/Th2 hypothesis of t cell-mediated tissue damage.Nat. Med.13(2) , 139–145 (2007).
  • Curtis MM , WaySS: Interleukin-17 in host defence against bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal pathogens.Immunology126(2) , 177–185 (2009).
  • Khader SA , CooperAM: IL-23 and IL-17 in tuberculosis.Cytokine41(2) , 79–83 (2008).
  • Cooper AM , DaltonDK, StewartTA, GriffinJP, RussellDG, OrmeIM: Disseminated tuberculosis in interferon γ gene-disrupted mice.J. Exp. Med.178(6) , 2243–2247 (1993).
  • Jouanguy E , AltareF, LamhamediS et al.: Interferon-γ-receptor deficiency in an infant with fatal bacille Calmette–Guerin infection.N. Engl. J. Med.335(26) , 1956–1961 (1996).
  • Doffinger R , DupuisS, PicardC et al.: Inherited disorders of IL-12- and IFN-γ-mediated immunity: a molecular genetics update.Mol. Immunol.38(12–13) , 903–909 (2002).
  • Brandt L , Feino Cunha J, Weinreich Olsen A et al.: Failure of the Mycobacterium bovi s BCG vaccine: some species of environmental mycobacteria block multiplication of BCG and induction of protective immunity to tuberculosis. Infect. Immun.70(2) , 672–678 (2002).
  • Buddle BM , WardsBJ, AldwellFE, CollinsDM, De Lisle GW: Influence of sensitisation to environmental mycobacteria on subsequent vaccination against bovine tuberculosis. Vaccine20(7–8) , 1126–1133 (2002).
  • Weir RE , BlackGF, NazarethB et al.: The influence of previous exposure to environmental mycobacteria on the interferon-g response to bacille Calmette–Guerin vaccination in southern England and northern Malawi.Clin. Exp. Immunol.146(3) , 390–399 (2006).
  • Hernandez-Pando R , PavonL, ArriagaK, OrozcoH, Madrid-MarinaV, RookG: Pathogenesis of tuberculosis in mice exposed to low and high doses of an environmental mycobacterial saprophyte before infection.Infect. Immun.65(8) , 3317–3327 (1997).
  • Horwitz MA , HarthG, DillonBJ, Maslesa-GalicS: Extraordinarily few organisms of a live recombinant BCG vaccine against tuberculosis induce maximal cell-mediated and protective immunity.Vaccine24(4) , 443–451 (2006).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.