Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Vectors for Precise Cancer Treatment

References

• Siegel RL , MillerKD, FuchsHE, JemalA. Cancer Statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J. Clin.71(1), 7–33 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrissey KM , YuraszeckTM, LiCC, ZhangY, KasichayanulaS. Immunotherapy and novel combinations in oncology: current landscape, challenges, and opportunities. Clin. Transl. Sci.9(2), 89–104 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher B . Biological research in the evolution of cancer surgery: a personal perspective. Cancer Res.68(24), 10007–10020 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royce TJ , QureshiMM, TruongMT. Radiotherapy utilization and fractionation patterns during the first course of cancer treatment in the United States from 2004 to 2014. J. Am. Coll. Radiol.15(11), 1558–1564 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rangarajan K , PucherPH, ArmstrongT, BatemanA, HamadyZ. Systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy in modern pancreatic cancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl.101(7), 453–462 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J , FanK, YanX. Ferritin drug carrier (FDC) for tumor targeting therapy. J. Control. Release311–312, 288–300 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue J , ZhaoZ, LeiZ, XueL, ZhangC. Neutrophil-mediated anticancer drug delivery for suppression of postoperative malignant glioma recurrence. Nat. Nanotechnol.12(7), 692–700 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimbrel EA , LanzaR. Next-generation stem cells – ushering in a new era of cell-based therapies. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov.19(7), 463–479 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guido C , MaioranoG, CorteseB, D’amoneS, PalamàI. Biomimetic nanocarriers for cancer target therapy. Bioengineering7(3), 111 (2020).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cho E , NamGH, HongYet al. Comparison of exosomes and ferritin protein nanocages for the delivery of membrane protein therapeutics. J. Control. Release279, 326–335 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trams EG , LauterCJ, SalemN, HeineUJr. Exfoliation of membrane ecto-enzymes in the form of micro-vesicles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta645(1), 63–70 (1981).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyu TS , AhnY, ImYJ, KimSS, ChoJA. The characterization of exosomes from fibrosarcoma cell and the useful usage of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for their evaluation. PLoS ONE16(1), e0231994 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalluri R , LebleuVS. The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes. Science367(6478), 640 (2020).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunavat TR , JangSC, NilssonLet al. RNAi delivery by exosome-mimetic nanovesicles – implications for targeting c-Myc in cancer. Biomaterials102, 231–238 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YK , ChoiY, NamGH, KimIS. Functionalized exosome harboring bioactive molecules for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett.489, 155–162 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neviani P , WisePM, MurtadhaMet al. Natural killer-derived exosomal miR-186 inhibits neuroblastoma growth and immune escape mechanisms. Cancer Res.79(6), 1151–1164 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan J , KumarP, HaoD, GaoK, FarmerD, WangA. Engineering mesenchymal stem cells to improve their exosome efficacy and yield for cell-free therapy. J. Extracell. Vesicles7(1), 1522236 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei H , ChenJ, WangSet al. A nanodrug consisting of doxorubicin and exosome derived from mesenchymal stem cells for osteosarcoma treatment in vitro. Int. J. Nanomedicine14, 8603–8610 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang L , ZhaoL, WangY, WangY. Treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma is enhanced when norcantharidin is encapsulated in exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Mol. Pharm.18(3), 1003–1013 (2021).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li Y , WuJ, WangJ, HuX, CaiJ, XiangD. Gemcitabine loaded autologous exosomes for effective and safe chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Acta Biomater.101, 519–530 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charoenviriyakul C , TakahashiY, MorishitaM, MatsumotoA, NishikawaM, TakakuraY. Cell type-specific and common characteristics of exosomes derived from mouse cell lines: yield, physicochemical properties, and pharmacokinetics. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.96, 316–322 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang P , WangH, HuangQet al. Exosomes from M1-polarized macrophages enhance paclitaxel antitumor activity by activating macrophages-mediated inflammation. Theranostics9(6), 1714–1727 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Y , LiS, SongJet al. A doxorubicin delivery platform using engineered natural membrane vesicle exosomes for targeted tumor therapy. Biomaterials35(7), 2383–2390 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian R , WangZ, NiuR, WangH, ChangJ. Tumor exosome mimicking nanoparticles for tumor combinatorial chemo-photothermal therapy. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.8, 1010 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munagala R , AqilF, JeyabalanJ, GuptaRC. Bovine milk-derived exosomes for drug delivery. Cancer Lett.371(1), 48–61 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q , RenY, MuJet al. Grapefruit-derived nanovectors use an activated leukocyte trafficking pathway to deliver therapeutic agents to inflammatory tumor sites. Cancer Res.75(12), 2520–2529 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang M , XiaoB, WangHet al. Edible ginger-derived nano-lipids loaded with doxorubicin as a novel drug-delivery approach for colon cancer therapy. Mol. Ther.24(10), 1783–1796 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim OY , ChoiSJ, JangSCet al. Bacterial protoplast-derived nanovesicles as vaccine delivery system against bacterial infection. Nano Lett.15(1), 266–274 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim OY , DinhNTH, ParkHT, ChoiSJ, HongK, GhoYS. Bacterial protoplast-derived nanovesicles for tumor targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics. Biomaterials113, 68–79 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoshino A , Costa-SilvaB, ShenTLet al. Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis. Nature527(7578), 329–335 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuel M , GabrielssonS. Personalized medicine and back-allogeneic exosomes for cancer immunotherapy. J. Intern. Med.289(2), 138–146 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azoulay-Alfaguter I , MorA. Proteomic analysis of human T cell-derived exosomes reveals differential RAS/MAPK signaling. Eur. J. Immunol.48(11), 1915–1917 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson SW , WangJ, LeeCJet al. The microRNA regulatory landscape of MSC-derived exosomes: a systems view. Sci. Rep.8(1), 1419 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cully M . Exosome-based candidates move into the clinic. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. (2020). https://www.nature.com/articles/d41573-020-00220-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parodi A , MolinaroR, SushnithaMet al. Bio-inspired engineering of cell- and virus-like nanoparticles for drug delivery. Biomaterials147, 155–168 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooijmans SA , VaderP, Van DommelenSM, Van SolingeWW, SchiffelersRM. Exosome mimetics: a novel class of drug delivery systems. Int. J. Nanomedicine7, 1525–1541 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manca S , UpadhyayaB, MutaiEet al. Milk exosomes are bioavailable and distinct microRNA cargos have unique tissue distribution patterns. Sci. Rep.8(1), 11321 (2018).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kausar H , JeyabalanJ, AqilFet al. Berry anthocyanidins synergistically suppress growth and invasive potential of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett.325(1), 54–62 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munagala R , AqilF, JeyabalanJet al. Exosomal formulation of anthocyanidins against multiple cancer types. Cancer Lett.393, 94–102 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carobolante G , MantajJ, FerrariE, VllasaliuD. Cow milk and intestinal epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles as systems for enhancing oral drug delivery. Pharmaceutics12(3), 226 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aqil F , MunagalaR, JeyabalanJ, AgrawalAK, GuptaR. Exosomes for the enhanced tissue bioavailability and efficacy of curcumin. AAPS J.19(6), 1691–1702 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahimi Ghiasi M , RahimiE, AmirkhaniZ, SalehiR. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 gene overexpression of the rat small intestinal progenitor cells in response to orally administered grape exosome-like nanovesicles. Adv. Biomed. Res.7, 125 (2018).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raimondo S , NaselliF, FontanaSet al. Citrus limon-derived nanovesicles inhibit cancer cell proliferation and suppress CML xenograft growth by inducing TRAIL-mediated cell death. Oncotarget6(23), 19514–19527 (2015).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chin AR , FongMY, SomloGet al. Cross-kingdom inhibition of breast cancer growth by plant miR159. Cell Res.26(2), 217–228 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman JM , ClosJ, De’oliveiraCCet al. An exosome-based secretion pathway is responsible for protein export from Leishmania and communication with macrophages. J. Cell Sci.123(Pt 6), 842–852 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MS , HaneyMJ, ZhaoYet al. Development of exosome-encapsulated paclitaxel to overcome MDR in cancer cells. Nanomedicine12(3), 655–664 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haney MJ , KlyachkoNL, ZhaoYet al. Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson’s disease therapy. J. Control. Release207, 18–30 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shtam TA , KovalevRA, VarfolomeevaEY, MakarovEM, KilYV, FilatovMV. Exosomes are natural carriers of exogenous siRNA to human cells in vitro. Cell Commun. Signal11, 88 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooijmans SaA , StremerschS, BraeckmansKet al. Electroporation-induced siRNA precipitation obscures the efficiency of siRNA loading into extracellular vesicles. J. Control. Release172(1), 229–238 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y , BiJ, HuangJ, TangY, DuS, LiP. Exosome: a review of its classification, isolation techniques, storage, diagnostic and targeted therapy applications. Int. J. Nanomedicine15, 6917–6934 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L , LuS, LiangXet al. γδTDEs: An efficient delivery system for miR-138 with anti-tumoral and immunostimulatory roles on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids14, 101–113 (2019).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hood JL , ScottMJ, WicklineSA. Maximizing exosome colloidal stability following electroporation. Anal. Biochem.448, 41–49 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez-Erviti L , SeowY, YinH, BettsC, LakhalS, WoodMJ. Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes. Nat. Biotechnol.29(4), 341–345 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun D , ZhuangX, XiangXet al. A novel nanoparticle drug delivery system: the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is enhanced when encapsulated in exosomes. Mol. Ther.18(9), 1606–1614 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong C , TianJ, WangZet al. Functional exosome-mediated co-delivery of doxorubicin and hydrophobically modified microRNA 159 for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. J. Nanobiotechnology17(1), 93 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuhrmann G , SerioA, MazoM, NairR, StevensMM. Active loading into extracellular vesicles significantly improves the cellular uptake and photodynamic effect of porphyrins. J. Control. Release205, 35–44 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MS , HaneyMJ, ZhaoYet al. Engineering macrophage-derived exosomes for targeted paclitaxel delivery to pulmonary metastases: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Nanomedicine14(1), 195–204 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podolak I , GalantyA, SobolewskaD. Saponins as cytotoxic agents: a review. Phytochem. Rev.9(3), 425–474 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luan X , SansanaphongprichaK, MyersI, ChenH, YuanH, SunD. Engineering exosomes as refined biological nanoplatforms for drug delivery. Acta Pharmacol. Sin.38(6), 754–763 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi F , DiBonito P, RidolfiBet al. The CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity induced by HPV-E6 uploaded in engineered exosomes is improved by ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant. Vaccines (Basel)4(4), 42 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascucci L , CocceV, BonomiAet al. Paclitaxel is incorporated by mesenchymal stromal cells and released in exosomes that inhibit in vitro tumor growth: a new approach for drug delivery. J. Control. Release192, 262–270 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanchanapally R , DeshmukhSK, ChavvaSRet al. Drug-loaded exosomal preparations from different cell types exhibit distinctive loading capability, yield, and antitumor efficacies: a comparative analysis. Int. J. Nanomedicine14, 531–541 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuta T , NishikawaA, KogureK. Low level electricity increases the secretion of extracellular vesicles from cultured cells. Biochem. Biophys. Rep.21, 100713 (2020).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gelderblom H , VerweijJ, NooterK, SparreboomA. Cremophor EL: the drawbacks and advantages of vehicle selection for drug formulation. Eur. J. Cancer37(13), 1590–1598 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal AK , AqilF, JeyabalanJet al. Milk-derived exosomes for oral delivery of paclitaxel. Nanomedicine13(5), 1627–1636 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aqil F , JeyabalanJ, AgrawalAet al. Exosomal delivery of berry anthocyanidins for the management of ovarian cancer. Food Funct.8(11), 4100–4107 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu ZA , WzB, XcBet al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes for penetrating and targeted chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Acta Pharm. Sin. B10(8), 1563–1575 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley CA , DunnePD, BinghamVet al. Transcriptional upregulation of c-MET is associated with invasion and tumor budding in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget7(48), 78932–78945 (2016).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang Q , ZhangH, NingTet al. Exosome-delivered c-Met siRNA could reverse chemoresistance to cisplatin in gastric cancer. Int. J. Nanomedicine15, 2323–2335 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anastasiadou E , JacobLS, SlackFJ. Non-coding RNA networks in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer18(1), 5–18 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y , LiuJ, MaJet al. Exosomal circRNAs: biogenesis, effect and application in human diseases. Mol. Cancer18(1), 116 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li LM , LiuZX, ChengQY. Exosome plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol. Res. Pract.215(8), 152468 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakravan K , BabashahS, SadeghizadehMet al. MicroRNA-100 shuttled by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes suppresses in vitro angiogenesis through modulating the mTOR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF signaling axis in breast cancer cells. Cell Oncol. (Dordr.)40(5), 457–470 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou G , SongX, YangFet al. Exosomes derived from miR-122-modified adipose tissue-derived MSCs increase chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hematol. Oncol.8, 122 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng R , DuM, WangXet al. Exosome-transmitted long non-coding RNA PTENP1 suppresses bladder cancer progression. Mol. Cancer17(1), 143 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang Y , ZhangD, LiLet al. Exosomal microRNA-144 from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibits the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting CCNE1 and CCNE2. Stem Cell Res. Ther.11(1), 87 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W , QuanY, FanSet al. Exosome-transmitted circular RNA hsa_circ_0051443 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer Lett.475, 119–128 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X , LiH, LuXet al. Melittin-induced long non-coding RNA NONHSAT105177 inhibits proliferation and migration of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis.9(10), 940 (2018).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li H , YangC, ShiY, ZhaoL. Exosomes derived from siRNA against GRP78 modified bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells suppress sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Nanobiotechnology16(1), 103 (2018).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Admyre C , JohanssonSM, PaulieS, GabrielssonS. Direct exosome stimulation of peripheral human T cells detected by ELISPOT. Eur. J. Immunol.36(7), 1772–1781 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zitvogel L , RegnaultA, LozierAet al. Eradication of established murine tumors using a novel cell-free vaccine: dendritic cell-derived exosomes. Nat. Med.4(5), 594–600 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse MA , GarstJ, OsadaTet al. A Phase I study of dexosome immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J. Transl. Med.3(1), 9 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besse B , CharrierM, LapierreVet al. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes as maintenance immunotherapy after first line chemotherapy in NSCLC. Oncoimmunology5(4), e1071008 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai S , WeiD, WuZet al. Phase I clinical trial of autologous ascites-derived exosomes combined with GM-CSF for colorectal cancer. Mol. Ther.16(4), 782–790 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehrmann U , HiltbrunnerS, GeorgoudakiAM, KarlssonMC, NaslundTI, GabrielssonS. Synergistic induction of adaptive antitumor immunity by codelivery of antigen with α-galactosylceramide on exosomes. Cancer Res.73(13), 3865–3876 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao Q , ZuoB, LuZet al. Tumor-derived exosomes elicit tumor suppression in murine hepatocellular carcinoma models and humans in vitro. Hepatology64(2), 456–472 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morishita M , TakahashiY, MatsumotoA, NishikawaM, TakakuraY. Exosome-based tumor antigens-adjuvant co-delivery utilizing genetically engineered tumor cell-derived exosomes with immunostimulatory CpG DNA. Biomaterials111, 55–65 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Man K , BrunetMY, JonesMC, CoxSC. Engineered extracellular vesicles: tailored-made nanomaterials for medical applications. Nanomaterials (Basel)10(9), 1838 (2020).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hu L , WicklineSA, HoodJL. Magnetic resonance imaging of melanoma exosomes in lymph nodes. Magn. Reson. Med.74(1), 266–271 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi H , LiuC, LongLet al. Blood exosomes endowed with magnetic and targeting properties for cancer therapy. ACS Nano10(3), 3323–3333 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gang J , YongH, AnYet al. NRP-1 targeted and cargo-loaded exosomes facilitate simultaneous imaging and therapy of glioma in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials178, 302–316 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khongkow M , YataT, BoonrungsimanS, RuktanonchaiUR, GrahamD, NamdeeK. Surface modification of gold nanoparticles with neuron-targeted exosome for enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration. Sci. Rep.9(1), 8278 (2019).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Betzer O , PeretsN, AngelAet al. In vivo neuroimaging of exosomes using gold nanoparticles. ACS Nano11(11), 10883–10893 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen K , SheppeAEF, SinghI, HuiWW, EdelmannMJ, RinaldiC. Exosomes released by breast cancer cells under mild hyperthermic stress possess immunogenic potential and modulate polarization in vitro in macrophages. Int. J. Hyperthermia37(1), 696–710 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheybani ND , BattsAJ, MathewAS, ThimEA, PriceRJ. Focused ultrasound hyperthermia augments release of glioma-derived extracellular vesicles with differential immunomodulatory capacity. Theranostics10(16), 7436–7447 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang SC , KimOY, YoonCMet al. Bioinspired exosome-mimetic nanovesicles for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics to malignant tumors. ACS Nano7(9), 7698–7710 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z , XieJ, ZhuJet al. Functional exosome-mimic for delivery of siRNA to cancer: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J. Control. Release243, 160–171 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savina A , FurlánM, VidalM, ColomboMI. Exosome release is regulated by a calcium-dependent mechanism in K562 cells. J. Biol. Chem.278(22), 20083–20090 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkin-Smith GK , TixeiraR, PaoneSet al. A novel mechanism of generating extracellular vesicles during apoptosis via a beads-on-a-string membrane structure. Nat. Commun.6, 7439 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoang TQ , RamponC, FreyssinetJM, VrizS, Kerbiriou-NabiasD. A method to assess the migration properties of cell-derived microparticles within a living tissue. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1810(9), 863–866 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams SD , CsereJ, D’angeloGet al. Centrosome amplification mediates small extracellular vesicle secretion via lysosome disruption. Curr. Biol.31(7), 1403–1416 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez-Erviti L , SeowY, SchapiraAHet al. Lysosomal dysfunction increases exosome-mediated α-synuclein release and transmission. Neurobiol. Dis.42(3), 360–367 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X , YinX, YangY. Rasal2 suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation modulated by secretory autophagy. Mol. Cell. Biochem.462(1–2), 115–122 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao J , WangB, TangTet al. Three-dimensional culture of MSCs produces exosomes with improved yield and enhanced therapeutic efficacy for cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Stem Cell Res. Ther.11(1), 206 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z , ShiJ, XieJet al. Large-scale generation of functional mRNA-encapsulating exosomes via cellular nanoporation. Nat. Biomed. Eng.4(1), 69–83 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan Z , ZhaoL, LuFet al. Mononuclear phagocyte system blockade improves therapeutic exosome delivery to the myocardium. Theranostics10(1), 218–230 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piffoux M , SilvaAKA, WilhelmC, GazeauF, TaresteD. Modification of extracellular vesicles by fusion with liposomes for the design of personalized biogenic drug delivery systems. ACS Nano12(7), 6830–6842 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawant RR , TorchilinVP. Challenges in development of targeted liposomal therapeutics. AAPS J.14(2), 303–315 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato YT , UmezakiK, SawadaSet al. Engineering hybrid exosomes by membrane fusion with liposomes. Sci. Rep.6, 21933 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva AK , Kolosnjaj-TabiJ, BonneauSet al. Magnetic and photoresponsive theranosomes: translating cell-released vesicles into smart nanovectors for cancer therapy. ACS Nano7(6), 4954–4966 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedesco KL , LockhartAC, BerlinJD. The epidermal growth factor receptor as a target for gastrointestinal cancer therapy. Curr. Treat. Options Oncol.5(5), 393–403 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pakkala S , RamalingamSS. Combined inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small-cell lung cancer therapy. Clin. Lung Cancer10(Suppl. 1), S17–S23 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohno S , TakanashiM, SudoKet al. Systemically injected exosomes targeted to EGFR deliver antitumor microRNA to breast cancer cells. Mol. Ther.21(1), 185–191 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T , PhilippovichS, MaoJ, VeeduRN. Efficient epidermal growth factor receptor targeting oligonucleotide as a potential molecule for targeted cancer therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci.20(19), 4700 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinelli E , DePalma R, OrdituraM, DeVita F, CiardielloF. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Clin. Exp. Immunol.158(1), 1–9 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodburn JR . The epidermal growth factor receptor and its inhibition in cancer therapy. Pharmacol. Ther.82(2–3), 241–250 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z , ZhaoR, WuXet al. Identification and characterization of a novel peptide ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor for targeted delivery of therapeutics. FASEB J.19(14), 1978–1985 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung ME , LeonardJN. Stabilization of exosome-targeting peptides via engineered glycosylation. J. Biol. Chem.290(13), 8166–8172 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura R , UemotoS, TabataY. Augmented liver targeting of exosomes by surface modification with cationized pullulan. Acta Biomater.57, 274–284 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying W , RiopelM, BandyopadhyayGet al. Adipose tissue macrophage-derived exosomal miRNAs can modulate in vivo and in vitro insulin sensitivity. Cell171(2), 372 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan Y , WangL, ZhuCet al. Aptamer-conjugated extracellular nanovesicles for targeted drug delivery. Cancer Res.78(3), 798–808 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang G , KanS, ZhuY, FengS, FengW, GaoS. Engineered exosome-mediated delivery of functionally active miR-26a and its enhanced suppression effect in HepG2 cells. Int. J. Nanomedicine13, 585–599 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellavia D , RaimondoS, CalabreseGet al. Interleukin 3-receptor targeted exosomes inhibit in vitro and in vivo chronic myelogenous leukemia cell growth. Theranostics7(5), 1333–1345 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekar D , ThirugnanasambanthamK, HairulIslam VI, SaravananS. Sequencing approaches in cancer treatment. Cell Prolif.47(5), 391–395 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciavarella S , MilanoA, DammaccoF, SilvestrisF. Targeted therapies in cancer. BioDrugs24(2), 77–88 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castle PE , MazaM. Prophylactic HPV vaccination: past, present, and future. Epidemiol. Infect.144(3), 449–468 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar