Nanoparticulate Strategies for The Delivery of miRNA Mimics and Inhibitors in Anticancer Therapy and its Potential Utility in Oral Submucous Fibrosis

References

• Peng Y, Croce CM. The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 1, 15004 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Gao DY, Huang L. In vivo delivery of miRNAs for cancer therapy: challenges and strategies. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 81, 128–141 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakato G, Hase K, Sato T et al. Epithelium-intrinsic microRNAs contribute to mucosal immune homeostasis by promoting M-cell maturation. PLoS ONE 11(3), e0150379 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belcheva A. MicroRNAs at the epicenter of intestinal homeostasis. BioEssays 39(3), 1600200 (2017).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie H, Lim B, Lodish HF. MicroRNAs induced during adipogenesis that accelerate fat cell development are downregulated in obesity. Diabetes 58(5), 1050–1057 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang D, Wan X, Dennis AT et al. MicroRNA biophysically modulates cardiac action potential via directly binding to ion channel. Circulation 143(16), 1597–1613 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael IP, Saghafinia S, Hanahan D. A set of microRNAs coordinately controls tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116(48), 24184–24195 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying L, Du L, Zou R et al. Development of a serum miRNA panel for detection of early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117(40), 25036–25042 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes J, Peruzzi PP, Lawler S. MicroRNAs in cancer: biomarkers, functions and therapy. Trends Mol. Med. 20(8), 460–9 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berindan-Neagoe I, Monroig P del C, Pasculli B, Calin GA. MicroRNAome genome: a treasure for cancer diagnosis and therapy. CA Cancer J. Clin. 64(5), 311–336 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan J, Feng Y, Zhang R et al. A simplified system for the effective expression and delivery of functional mature microRNAs in mammalian cells. Cancer Gene Ther. 27(6), 424–437 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saraiva C, Talhada D, Rai A et al. MicroRNA-124-loaded nanoparticles increase survival and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro but do not contribute to stroke outcome in vivo. PLoS ONE 13(3), e0193609 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Tang X, Liu X et al. Targeted miR-21 loaded liposomes for acute myocardial infarction. J. Mater. Chem. B 8(45), 10384–10391 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Li Y, Chen YE, Chen J, Ma PX. Cell-free 3D scaffold with two-stage delivery of miRNA-26a to regenerate critical-sized bone defects. Nat. Commun. 7(1), 1–15 (2016).
   Google Scholar
• Chauhan N, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. COVID-19: fighting the invisible enemy with microRNAs. Expert Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther. 19(2), 137–145 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fani M, Zandi M, Ebrahimi S, Soltani S, Abbasi S. The role of miRNAs in COVID-19 disease. Future Virol. 16(4), 301–306 (2021).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rupaimoole R, Slack FJ. MicroRNA therapeutics: towards a new era for the management of cancer and other diseases. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 16, 203–222 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Wang Z, Gemeinhart RA. Progress in microRNA delivery. J. Control Release 172(3), 962–974 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien J, Hayder H, Zayed Y, Peng C. Overview of microRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of actions, and circulation. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 9, 402 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rooij E, Kauppinen S. Development of micro RNA therapeutics is coming of age. EMBO Mol. Med. 6(7), 851–864 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal M, Slack FJ. Challenges identifying efficacious miRNA therapeutics for cancer. Expert Opin. Drug Discov. 15(9), 987–992 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ylösmäki L, Polini B, Carpi S et al. Harnessing therapeutic viruses as a delivery vehicle for RNA-based therapy. PLoS ONE 14(10), e0224072 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna J, Hossain GS, Kocerha J. The potential for microRNA therapeutics and clinical research. Front. Genet. 10, 478 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma M, Radhakrishnan R. Revisiting and revising the definition of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol. 92, 94 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao NR, Villa A, More CB, Jayasinghe RD, Kerr AR, Johnson NW. Oral submucous fibrosis: a contemporary narrative review with a proposed inter-professional approach for an early diagnosis and clinical management. J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 49(1), 1–11 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma M, Hunter KD, Fonseca FP, Radhakrishnan R. Emerging role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and its malignant transformation. Head Neck 43(10), 3153–3164 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhambal AM, Bhambal A, Shukla US, Dhingra A. Effectiveness of pentoxifylline in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis patients: a case-control study. Appl. Cancer Res. 39(1), 1–9 (2019).
   Google Scholar
• Rajendran R, Rani V, Shaikh S. Pentoxifylline therapy: a new adjunct in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. Indian J. Dent. Res. 17(4), 190–198 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta D, Sharma SC. Oral submucous fibrosis--a new treatment regimen. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 46(10), 830–833 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilakaratne WM, Ekanayaka RP, Herath M, Jayasinghe RD, Sitheeque M, Amarasinghe H. Intralesional corticosteroids as a treatment for restricted mouth opening in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 122(2), 224–231 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakar PJ, Puri RK, Venkatachalam VP. Oral submucous fibrosis--treatment with hyalase. J. Laryngol. Otol. 99(1), 57–60 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chole RH, Gondivkar SM, Gadbail AR et al. Review of drug treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol. 48(5), 393–398 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04476420. Comparative effect of Nigella Sativa and conventional management for OSMF. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04476420.
   Google Scholar
• Bhadage CJ, Umarji HR, Shah K, Välimaa H. Vasodilator isoxsuprine alleviates symptoms of oral submucous fibrosis. Clin. Oral Investig. 17, 1375–1382 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher R, Aga P, Johnson NW, Sankaranarayanan R, Warnakulasuriya S. Evaluation of multiple micronutrient supplementation in the management of oral submucous fibrosis in Karachi, Pakistan. Nutr. Cancer 27(1), 41–47 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamoorthy B, Khan M. Management of oral submucous fibrosis by two different drug regimens: a comparative study. Dent. Res. J. (Isfahan) 10(4), 527 (2013).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daga D, Singh RK, Pal US, Gurung T, Gangwar S. Efficacy of oral colchicine with intralesional hyaluronidase or triamcinolone acetonide in the Grade II oral submucous fibrosis. Natl. J. Maxillofac. Surg. 8(1), 50 (2017).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar A, Bagewadi A, Keluskar V, Singh M. Efficacy of lycopene in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 103(2), 207–213 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anuradha A, Patil B, Asha VR. Evaluation of efficacy of aloe vera in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis – a clinical study. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 46(1), 50–55 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Maweri SA, Ashraf S, Lingam AS et al. Aloe vera in treatment of oral submucous fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 48(2), 99–107 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazarey VK, Sakrikar AR, Ganvir SM. Efficacy of curcumin in the treatment for oral submucous fibrosis - a randomized clinical trial. J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol. 19(2), 145 (2015).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al-Maweri SA. Efficacy of curcumin for management of oral submucous fibrosis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 127(4), 300–308 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh Y-P, Chen H-M, Lin H-Y, Yang H, Chang JZ-C. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits transforming-growth-factor-β1-induced collagen synthesis by suppressing early growth response-1 in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 116(2), 107–113 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh Y-P, Chen H-M, Chang JZ-C, Chiang C-P, Deng Y-T, Kuo MY-P. Arecoline stimulated early growth response-1 production in human buccal fibroblasts: suppression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Head Neck 37(4), 493–497 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chickooree D, Zhu K, Ram V, Wu HJ, He ZJ, Zhang S. A preliminary microarray assay of the miRNA expression signatures in buccal mucosa of oral submucous fibrosis patients. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 45(9), 691–697 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki HI. MicroRNA control of TGF-beta signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19(7), 1901 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganju A, Khan S, Hafeez BB et al. miRNA nanotherapeutics for cancer. Drug Discov. Today 22, 424–432 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang S, Cheng Z, Wang Y, Han T. The risks of miRNA therapeutics: in a drug target perspective. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 15, 721–733 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonneau E, Neveu B, Kostantin E, Tsongalis GJ, De Guire V. How close are miRNAs from clinical practice? A perspective on the diagnostic and therapeutic market. EJIFCC 30(2), 114 (2019).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hong DS, Kang YK, Borad M et al. Phase 1 study of MRX34, a liposomal miR-34a mimic, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Br. J. Cancer 122(11), 1630–1637 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03603431, Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of MRG-110 following intradermal injection in healthy volunteers. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03603431.
   Google Scholar
• ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02369198, MesomiR 1: A phase I study of TargomiRs as 2nd or 3rd line treatment for patients with recurrent MPM and NSCLC. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02369198.
   Google Scholar
• ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT01872936, Miravirsen in combination with telaprevir and ribavirin in null responder to pegylated-interferon alpha plus ribavirin subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01872936.
   Google Scholar
• ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02855268, study of lademirsen (SAR339375) in patients with Alport syndrome. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02855268.
   Google Scholar
• ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03601052, efficacy, safety, and tolerability of remlarsen (MRG-201) following intradermal injection in subjects with a history of keloids. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03601052.
   Google Scholar
• ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02580552, safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MRG-106 in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), CLL, DLBCL or ATLL. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02580552.
   Google Scholar
• Fu Y, Chen J, Huang Z. Recent progress in microRNA-based delivery systems for the treatment of human disease. ExRNA 1, 24 (2019).
   Google Scholar
• Bartoszewski R, Sikorski AF. Editorial focus: understanding off-target effects as the key to successful RNAi therapy. Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. 24, 69 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seok H, Lee H, Jang ES, Chi SW. Evaluation and control of miRNA-like off-target repression for RNA interference. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 75, 797–814 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boca S, Gulei D, Zimta AA et al. Nanoscale delivery systems for microRNAs in cancer therapy. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 77(6), 1059–1086 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui S, Wang Y, Gong Y et al. Correlation of the cytotoxic effects of cationic lipids with their headgroups. Toxicol. Res. (Camb). 7(3), 473–479 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta I, Chatterjee A. Recent advances in miRNA delivery systems. Methods Protoc. 4(1), 10 (2021).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Desantis V, Saltarella I, Lamanuzzi A et al. MicroRNAs-based nano-strategies as new therapeutic approach in multiple myeloma to overcome disease progression and drug resistance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21(9), 3084 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knudsen KB, Northeved H, Pramod Kumar EK et al. In vivo toxicity of cationic micelles and liposomes. Nanomedicine 11(2), 467–477 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi J, Kantoff PW, Wooster R, Farokhzad OC. Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities. Nat. Rev. Cancer 17(1), 20–37 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabral H, Matsumoto Y, Mizuno K et al. Accumulation of sub-100 nm polymeric micelles in poorly permeable tumors depends on size. Nat. Nanotechnol. 6(12), 815–823 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manikkath J, Sumathy T, Manikkath A, Mutalik S. Delving deeper into dermal and transdermal drug delivery: factors and mechanisms associated with nanocarrier-mediated strategies. Curr. Pharm. Des. 24(27), 3210–3222 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillaireau H, Couvreur P. Nanocarriers’ entry into the cell: relevance to drug delivery. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 66(17), 2873–2896 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim BK, Hwang GB, Seu YB, Choi JS, Jin KS, Doh KO. DOTAP/DOPE ratio and cell type determine transfection efficiency with DOTAP-liposomes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr. 1848(10), 1996–2001 (2015).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao R, Sun B, Yang L, Ma C, Li S. RVG29-modified microRNA-loaded nanoparticles improve ischemic brain injury by nasal delivery. Drug Deliv. 27(1), 772–781 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin Y, Ornell KJ, Beliveau A, Jain A. Modulation of MicroRNAs 34a and 21 affects viability, senescence, and invasion in glioblastoma multiforme. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 12(9), 1782–1797 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbarzadeh A, Rezaei-Sadabady R, Davaran S et al. Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 8(1), 102 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann V, Winkler J. miRNA-based therapies: strategies and delivery platforms for oligonucleotide and non-oligonucleotide agents. Future Med. Chem. 6(17), 1967–1984 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorur A, Bayraktar R, Ivan C et al. ncRNA therapy with miRNA-22-3p suppresses the growth of triple-negative breast cancer. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids 23, 930–943 (2021).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang Q, Ran R, Zhang L et al. Simultaneous delivery of therapeutic antagomirs with paclitaxel for the management of metastatic tumors by a pH-responsive anti-microbial peptide-mediated liposomal delivery system. J. Control. Release 197, 208–218 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Crawford M, Mao Y et al. Therapeutic delivery of MicroRNA-29b by cationic lipoplexes for lung cancer. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids 2(2), e84 (2013).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lujan H, Griffin WC, Taube JH, Sayes CM. Synthesis and characterization of nanometer-sized liposomes for encapsulation and microrna transfer to breast cancer cells. Int. J. Nanomedicine 14, 5159–5173 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felgner JH, Kumar R, Sridhar CN et al. Enhanced gene delivery and mechanism studies with a novel series of cationic lipid formulations. J. Biol. Chem. 269(4), 2550–2561 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felgner PL, Gadek TR, Holm M et al. Lipofection: a highly efficient, lipid-mediated DNA-transfection procedure. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 84(21), 7413–7417 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SWL, Paoletti C, Campisi M et al. MicroRNA delivery through nanoparticles. J. Control Release 313, 80–95 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Meng T, Yuan M et al. MicroRNA-200c delivered by solid lipid nanoparticles enhances the effect of paclitaxel on breast cancer stem cell. Int. J. Nanomedicine 11, 6713–6725 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Crawford M, Yu B, Mao Y, Nana-Sinkam SP, Lee LJ. MicroRNA delivery by cationic lipoplexes for lung cancer therapy. Mol. Pharm. 8(4), 1381–1389 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsana H, Olusanya TOB, Carr-wilkinson J, Darby S, Faheem A, Elkordy AA. Evaluation of novel cationic gene based liposomes with cyclodextrin prepared by thin film hydration and microfluidic systems. Sci. Rep. 9(1), 1–17 (2019).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nagachinta S, Bouzo BL, Vazquez-Rios AJ, Lopez R, de la Fuente M. Sphingomyelin-based nanosystems (SNs) for the development of anticancer miRNA therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 12(2), (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beg MS, Brenner AJ, Sachdev J et al. Phase I study of MRX34, a liposomal miR-34a mimic, administered twice weekly in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest. New Drugs 35(2), 180–188 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moraes FC, Antunes JC, Forero Ramirez LM et al. Synthesis of cationic quaternized pullulan derivatives for miRNA delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 577, 119041 (2020).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shen ZL, Xia YQ, Yang QS, Tian W, Chen K, Ma YQ. Polymer–nucleic acid interactions. Top. Curr. Chem. (Cham) 375(2), 44 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rytblat I, Wu N, Xu H, Gedanken A, Lin X. In vitro studies of polyethyleneimine coated miRNA microspheres as anticancer agents. Nano Res. 9(6), 1609–1617 (2016).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing J, Jia J, Cong X, Liu Z, Li Q. N-Isopropylacrylamide-modified polyethylenimine-mediated miR-29a delivery to inhibit the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces 198, 111463 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim AF, Weirauch U, Thomas M, Grünweller A, Hartmann RK, Aigner A. MicroRNA replacement therapy for miR-145 and miR-33a is efficacious in a model of colon carcinoma. Cancer Res. 71(15), 5214–5224 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao S, Tian H, Guo Y et al. MiRNA oligonucleotide and sponge for miRNA-21 inhibition mediated by PEI-PLL in breast cancer therapy. Acta Biomater. 25, 184–193 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji D, Wang Q, Zhao Q et al. Co-delivery of miR-29b and germacrone based on cyclic RGD-modified nanoparticles for liver fibrosis therapy. J. Nanobiotechnology 18(1), 86 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu T, Lin J, Chen C et al. MicroRNA-146b-5p overexpression attenuates premature ovarian failure in mice by inhibiting the Dab2ip/Ask1/p38-Mapk pathway and γH2A.X phosphorylation. Cell Prolif. 54(1), e12954 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosco D, Cilurzo F, Maiuolo J et al. Delivery of miR-34a by chitosan/PLGA nanoplexes for the anticancer treatment of multiple myeloma. Sci. Rep. 5, 17579–17579 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Liang Y, Feng X et al. Vitamin-B12-conjugated PLGA-PEG nanoparticles incorporating miR-532-3p induce mitochondrial damage by targeting apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) on CD320-overexpressed gastric cancer. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 120, 111722 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devulapally R, Sekar NM, Sekar TV et al. Polymer nanoparticles mediated codelivery of antimiR-10b and antimiR-21 for achieving triple negative breast cancer therapy. ACS Nano 9(3), 2290–2302 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong ST, Lin H, Wang CS et al. Improving the anticancer effect of afatinib and microRNA by using lipid polymeric nanoparticles conjugated with dual pH-responsive and targeting peptides. J. Nanobiotechnology 17(1), 89 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva S, Almeida AJ, Vale N. Combination of cell-penetrating peptides with nanoparticles for therapeutic application: a review. Biomolecules 9, 22 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gessner I, Neundorf I. Nanoparticles modified with cell-penetrating peptides: Conjugation mechanisms, physicochemical properties, and application in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21(7), 2536 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma W, Liu J, Xie J et al. Modulating the growth and imatinib sensitivity of chronic myeloid leukemia stem/progenitor cells with pullulan/MicroRNA nanoparticles in vitro. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 11(11), 1961–1974 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbasi E, Aval SF, Akbarzadeh A et al. Dendrimers: synthesis, applications, and properties. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 9(1), 247 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dzmitruk V, Apartsin E, Ihnatsyeu-Kachan A, Abashkin V, Shcharbin D, Bryszewska M. Dendrimers show promise for siRNA and microrna therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 10, 126 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song C, Xiao Y, Ouyang Z, Shen M, Shi X. Efficient co-delivery of microRNA 21 inhibitor and doxorubicin to cancer cells using core-shell tecto dendrimers formed via supramolecular host-guest assembly. J. Mater. Chem. B 8(14), 2768–2774 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palombarini F, Masciarelli S, Incocciati A et al. Self-assembling ferritin-dendrimer nanoparticles for targeted delivery of nucleic acids to myeloid leukemia cells. J. Nanobiotechnology 19(1), 172 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Zhao X, Guo C et al. Aptamer-dendrimer bioconjugates for targeted delivery of miR-34a expressing plasmid and antitumor effects in non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS ONE 10(9), e0139136 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhary V, Jangra S, Yadav NR. Nanotechnology based approaches for detection and delivery of microRNA in healthcare and crop protection. J. Nanobiotechnology 16, 40 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coutinho C, Somoza Á. MicroRNA sensors based on gold nanoparticles. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 411, 1807–1824 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng R, Ji B, Yu H et al. Multifunctional gold nanoparticles overcome microRNA regulatory network mediated-multidrug resistant leukemia. Sci. Rep. 9(1), 1–11 (2019).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang X, Jin N, Wang Q et al. MiRNA delivery system based on stimuli-responsive gold nanoparticle aggregates for multimodal tumor therapy. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2(7), 2833–2839 (2019).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abu-Laban M, Hamal P, Arrizabalaga JH et al. Combinatorial delivery of miRNA-nanoparticle conjugates in human adipose stem cells for amplified osteogenesis. Small 15(50), (2019).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Unal O, Akkoc Y, Kocak M et al. Treatment of breast cancer with autophagy inhibitory microRNAs carried by AGO2-conjugated nanoparticles. J. Nanobiotechnology 18(1), 65 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan Z, Huang Y, Qian H, Du X, Qin W, Liu T. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles drive mir-485-5p inhibition in glioma stem cells by silencing tie1 expression. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 16(7), 1274–1287 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yalcin S. Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticle for delivery of miR-29a to breast cancer cell line. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 24(8), 1032–1037 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotta MA. Quantum dots and their applications: what lies ahead? ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 3, 4920–4924 (2020).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang G, Li Y, Feng W et al. Polyethyleneimine-coated quantum dots for miRNA delivery and its enhanced suppression in HepG2 cells. Int. J. Nanomedicine 11, 6079–6088 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Duo Y, Bi J et al. Targeted delivery of anti-miR-155 by functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for colorectal cancer therapy. Int. J. Nanomedicine 13, 1241–1256 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Z, Shi K, Yang S et al. Effect of exosomal miRNA on cancer biology and clinical applications. Mol. Cancer. 17, 1–19 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Z, Zhao G, Yang S, Zhu S, Zhang S, Li P. The significance of exosomal RNAs in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int. 21(1), 364 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamal NNSBNM, Shahidan WNS. Non-exosomal and exosomal circulatory microRNAs: which are more valid as biomarkers? Front. Pharmacol. 10, 1500 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang G, Zhu Y, Ali DJ et al. Engineered exosomes for targeted co-delivery of miR-21 inhibitor and chemotherapeutics to reverse drug resistance in colon cancer. J. Nanobiotechnology 18(1), 1–15 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Zandwijk N, Pavlakis N, Kao SC et al. Safety and activity of microRNA-loaded minicells in patients with recurrent malignant pleural mesothelioma: a first-in-man, phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study. Lancet Oncol. 18(10), 1386–1396 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkle M, El-Daly SM, Fabbri M, Calin GA. Noncoding RNA therapeutics – challenges and potential solutions. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 20(8), 629–651 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang H-W, Yu C-C, Hsieh P-L et al. Arecoline enhances miR-21 to promote buccal mucosal fibroblasts activation. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 120(4), 1108–1113 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang CY, Yu CC, Liao YW et al. miR-10b regulated by Twist maintains myofibroblasts activities in oral submucous fibrosis. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 119(7), 1167–1173 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu MY, Yu CC, Chen PY et al. miR-200c inhibits the arecoline-associated myofibroblastic transdifferentiation in buccal mucosal fibroblasts. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 117(9), 791–797 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan Y, Li N, Zeng L, Shen Z, Jiang C. Pathogenesis investigation of miR-199-5p in oral submucous fibrosis based on bioinformatics analysis. Oral Dis. 25, 456–465 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chattopadhyay E, Singh R, Ray A et al. Expression deregulation of mir31 and CXCL12 in two types of oral precancers and cancer: importance in progression of precancer and cancer. Sci. Rep. 6, 32735 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu CM, Liao YW, Hsieh PL et al. miR-1246 as a therapeutic target in oral submucosa fibrosis pathogenesis. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 118, 1093–1098 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomom MC, Radhakrishnan RA. MicroRNA’s - The vibrant performers in the oral cancer scenario. Jpn Dent. Sci. Rev. 56(1), 85–89 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou YY, Lee JH, Chen HC et al. The association between miR-499a polymorphism and oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. Oral Dis. 21(2), 195–206 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng L, Jian X, Guo F et al. miR-203 inhibits arecoline-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating secreted frizzled-related protein 4 and transmembrane-4 L six family member 1 in oral submucous fibrosis. Oncol. Rep. 33(6), 2753–2760 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao YW, Yu CC, Hsieh PL, Chang YC. miR-200b ameliorates myofibroblast transdifferentiation in precancerous oral submucous fibrosis through targeting ZEB2. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 22(9), 4130–4138 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad SR, Pai A, Shyamala K, Yaji A. Expression of salivary miRNA 21 in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF): an observational study. Microrna 9(4), 295–302 (2020).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh P, Srivastava AN, Sharma R et al. Circulating microRNA-21 expression as a novel serum biomarker for oral sub-mucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 19(4), 1053–1058 (2018).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hou Y-Y, Lee J-H, Chen H-C et al. The association between miR-499a polymorphism and oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. Oral Dis. 21(2), 195–206 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Liu BJ, Du C, Cao Q, Li M, Feng H. [Target regulation of micro-RNA-203 to the expression of collagen type IV alpha 4 and its role in oral submucous fibrosis]. Chinese J. Stomatol. 51(9), 526–531 (2016).
   Google Scholar
• Lu M-Y, Yu C-C, Chen P-Y et al. miR-200c inhibits the arecoline-associated myofibroblastic transdifferentiation in buccal mucosal fibroblasts. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 117(9), 791–797 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan Y, Li N, Zeng L, Shen Z, Jiang C. Pathogenesis investigation of miR-199-5p in oral submucous fibrosis based on bioinformatics analysis. Oral Dis. 25(2), 456–465 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu C-M, Liao Y-W, Hsieh P-L et al. miR-1246 as a therapeutic target in oral submucosa fibrosis pathogenesis. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 118(7), 1093–1098 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang C-Y, Yu C-C, Liao Y-W et al. miR-10b regulated by Twist maintains myofibroblasts activities in oral submucous fibrosis. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 119, 1167–1173 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar