References
- Parola M , PinzaniM. Liver fibrosis: pathophysiology, pathogenetic targets and clinical issues. Mol. Aspects Med.65, 37–55 (2019).
- Berumen J , BaglieriJ, KisselevaT, MekeelK. Liver fibrosis: pathophysiology and clinical implications. WIREs Mech. Dis.13(1), e1499 (2021).
- Luangmonkong T , SurigugaS, MutsaersHAMet al. Targeting oxidative stress for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol.175, 71–102 (2018).
- Li H . Advances in anti-hepatic fibrotic therapy with traditional Chinese medicine herbal formula. J. Ethnopharmacol.251, 112442 (2020).
- Fraga CG , CroftKD, KennedyDO, Tomás-BarberánFA. The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health. Food Funct.10(2), 514–528 (2019).
- Pingili RB , ChallaSR, PawarAKet al. A systematic review on hepatoprotective activity of quercetin against various drugs and toxic agents: evidence from preclinical studies. Phytother. Res.34(1), 5–32 (2020).
- Li X , JinQ, YaoQet al. The flavonoid quercetin ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis by regulating hepatic macrophages activation and polarization in mice. Front. Pharmacol.9, 72 (2018).
- Li X , JinQ, YaoQet al. Quercetin attenuates the activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis in mice through modulation of HMGB1-TLR2/4-NF-κB signaling pathways. Toxicol. Lett.261, 1–12 (2016).
- Wang R , ZhangH, WangY, SongF, YuanY. Inhibitory effects of quercetin on the progression of liver fibrosis through the regulation of NF-κB/IκBα, p38 MAPK, and Bcl-2/Bax signaling. Int. Immunopharmacol.47, 126–133 (2017).
- Guo Y , BrunoRS. Endogenous and exogenous mediators of quercetin bioavailability. J. Nutr. Biochem.26(3), 201–210 (2015).
- Lai F , SchlichM, PiredduR, FaddaAM, SinicoC. Nanocrystals as effective delivery systems of poorly water-soluble natural molecules. Curr. Med. Chem.26(24), 4657–4680 (2019).
- Chin WW , ParmentierJ, WidzinskiM, TanEH, GokhaleR. A brief literature and patent review of nanosuspensions to a final drug product. J. Pharm. Sci.103(10), 2980–2999 (2014).
- Wang Y , ZhengY, ZhangL, WangQ, ZhangD. Stability of nanosuspensions in drug delivery. J. Control. Rel.172(3), 1126–1141 (2013).
- Verma V , RyanKM, PadrelaL. Production and isolation of pharmaceutical drug nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm.603, 120708 (2021).
- Zhang X , LiLC, MaoS. Nanosuspensions of poorly water soluble drugs prepared by top-down technologies. Curr. Pharm. Des.20(3), 388–407 (2014).
- Sinha B , MüllerRH, MöschwitzerJP. Bottom-up approaches for preparing drug nanocrystals: formulations and factors affecting particle size. Int. J. Pharm.453(1), 126–141 (2013).
- Han X , WangM, MaZ, XueP, WangY. A new approach to produce drug nanosuspensions CO2-assisted effervescence to produce drug nanosuspensions. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces143, 107–110 (2016).
- Wang Y , HanX, WangJ, WangY. Preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of amorphous tacrolimus nanosuspensions produced using CO2-assisted in situ nanoamorphization method. Int. J. Pharm.505(1–2), 35–41 (2016).
- Wang Y , WangC, ZhaoJ, DingY, LiL. A cost-effective method to prepare curcumin nanosuspensions with enhanced oral bioavailability. J. Colloid Interface Sci.485, 91–98 (2017).
- Katara R , MajumdarDK. Eudragit RL 100-based nanoparticulate system of aceclofenac for ocular delivery. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces103, 455–462 (2013).
- Lewinska A , Adamczyk-GrochalaJ, BloniarzDet al. AMPK-mediated senolytic and senostatic activity of quercetin surface functionalized Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles during oxidant-induced senescence in human fibroblasts. Redox Biol.28, 101337 (2020).
- Cai X , FangZ, DouJ, YuA, ZhaiG. Bioavailability of quercetin: problems and promises. Curr. Med. Chem.20(20), 2572–2582 (2013).
- Al-Kassas R , BansalM, ShawJ. Nanosizing techniques for improving bioavailability of drugs. J. Control. Rel.260, 202–212 (2017).
- Niu X , WangX, NiuBet al. New IMB16-4 nanoparticles improved oral bioavailability and enhanced anti-hepatic fibrosis on rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel)15(1), (2022).
- Abdullah AS , SayedI, El-TorgomanAMAet al. Green synthesis of silymarin–chitosan nanoparticles as a new nano formulation with enhanced anti-fibrotic effects against liver fibrosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci.23(10), (2022).
- Russo E , VillaC. Poloxamer hydrogels for biomedical applications. Pharmaceutics11(12), (2019).
- McCartney F , JanninV, ChevrierSet al. Labrasol® is an efficacious intestinal permeation enhancer across rat intestine: ex vivo and in vivo rat studies. J. Control. Rel.310, 115–126 (2019).
- Asadi A , PourfattahF, MiklósSzilágyi Iet al. Effect of sonication characteristics on stability, thermophysical properties, and heat transfer of nanofluids: a comprehensive review. Ultrason. Sonochem.58, 104701 (2019).
- Malamatari M , TaylorKMG, MalamatarisS, DouroumisD, KachrimanisK. Pharmaceutical nanocrystals: production by wet milling and applications. Drug Discov. Today23(3), 534–547 (2018).
- Lestari ML , MüllerRH, MöschwitzerJP. Systematic screening of different surface modifiers for the production of physically stable nanosuspensions. J. Pharm. Sci.104(3), 1128–1140 (2015).
- Leone F , CavalliR. Drug nanosuspensions: a ZIP tool between traditional and innovative pharmaceutical formulations. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv.12(10), 1607–1625 (2015).
- Fonte P , ReisS, SarmentoB. Facts and evidences on the lyophilization of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery. J. Control. Rel.225, 75–86 (2016).
- Mohammady M , MohammadiY, YousefiG. Freeze-drying of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical nanoparticles: the effects of formulation and technique parameters on nanoparticles characteristics. J. Pharm. Sci.109(11), 3235–3247 (2020).
- Falsafi SR , RostamabadiH, AssadpourE, JafariSM. Morphology and microstructural analysis of bioactive-loaded micro/nanocarriers via microscopy techniques; CLSM/SEM/TEM/AFM. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.280, 102166 (2020).
- Chadha R , BhandariS. Drug–excipient compatibility screening – role of thermoanalytical and spectroscopic techniques. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.87, 82–97 (2014).
- Jacob S , NairAB, ShahJ. Emerging role of nanosuspensions in drug delivery systems. Biomater. Res.24, 3 (2020).
- Kaur N , NarangA, BansalAK. Use of biorelevant dissolution and PBPK modeling to predict oral drug absorption. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.129, 222–246 (2018).
- Gupta R , ChenY, XieH. In vitro dissolution considerations associated with nano drug delivery systems. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol.13(6), e1732 (2021).
- Hattori Y , HarunaY, OtsukaM. Dissolution process analysis using model-free Noyes–Whitney integral equation. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces102, 227–231 (2013).
- Shah DA , MurdandeSB, DaveRH. A review: pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic aspect of nanocrystalline suspensions. J. Pharm. Sci.105(1), 10–24 (2016).
- Truzzi F , TibaldiC, ZhangY, DinelliG, AmenED. An overview on dietary polyphenols and their biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS). Int. J. Mol. Sci.22(11), (2021).
- Khursheed R , SinghSK, WadhwaSet al. Development of mushroom polysaccharide and probiotics based solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system loaded with curcumin and quercetin to improve their dissolution rate and permeability: state of the art. Int. J. Biol. Macromol.189, 744–757 (2021).
- Singh J , MittalP, BondeGV, AjmalG, MishraB. Design, optimization, characterization and in vivo evaluation of quercetin enveloped Soluplus®/P407 micelles in diabetes treatment. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol.46(Suppl. 3), S546–S555 (2018).
- Teixeira MC , CarboneC, SoutoEB. Beyond liposomes: recent advances on lipid based nanostructures for poorly soluble/poorly permeable drug delivery. Prog. Lipid Res.68, 1–11 (2017).
- Abdelkader H , FathallaZ. Investigation into the emerging role of the basic amino acid L-lysine in enhancing solubility and permeability of BCS class II and BCS class IV drugs. Pharm. Res.35(8), 160 (2018).
- Manzoor MF , HussainA, SameenAet al. Novel extraction, rapid assessment and bioavailability improvement of quercetin: a review. Ultrason. Sonochem.78, 105686 (2021).
- Charalabidis A , SfouniM, BergströmC, MacherasP. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) and the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS): beyond guidelines. Int. J. Pharm.566, 264–281 (2019).
- Li J , WangZ, ZhangH, GaoJ, ZhengA. Progress in the development of stabilization strategies for nanocrystal preparations. Drug Deliv.28(1), 19–36 (2021).
- Bhattacharjee S . DLS and zeta potential – what they are and what they are not?J. Control. Rel.235, 337–351 (2016).
- Abdelbary AA , LiX, El-NabarawiM, ElassasyA, JastiB. Effect of fixed aqueous layer thickness of polymeric stabilizers on zeta potential and stability of aripiprazole nanosuspensions. Pharm. Dev. Technol.18(3), 730–735 (2013).
- Xu J , LiuX, KoyamaYet al. The types of hepatic myofibroblasts contributing to liver fibrosis of different etiologies. Front. Pharmacol.5, 167 (2014).
- Sookoian S , PirolaCJ. Liver enzymes, metabolomics and genome-wide association studies: from systems biology to the personalized medicine. World J. Gastroenterol.21(3), 711–725 (2015).
- Limdi JK , HydeGM. Evaluation of abnormal liver function tests. Postgrad. Med. J.79(932), 307–312 (2003).