Application of Fullerenes in Nanomedicine: An Update

References

• Rao CNR , CheethamAK. Science and technology of nanomaterials: current status and future prospects. J. Mater. Chem.11(12), 2887–2894 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Z , RobinsonJT, TabakmanSM, YangK, DaiHJ. Carbon materials for drug delivery and cancer therapy. Mater. Today14(7–8), 316–323 (2011).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu FS , GuLR, MezianiMJet al. Advances in bioapplications of carbon nanotubes. Adv. Mater. 21(2), 139–152 (2009).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Z , LiuZ, MengJet al. Carbon nanotubes enhance cytotoxicity mediated by human lymphocytes in vitro. PloS One 6(6), e21073 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen H , ZhangLM, LiuM, ZhangZJ. Biomedical applications of graphene. Theranostics2(3), 283–294 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng LZ , ZhangSA, LiuZA. Graphene based gene transfection. Nanoscale3(3), 1252–1257 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basso AS , FrenkelD, QuintanaFJet al. Reversal of axonal loss and disability in a mouse model of progressive multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. 118(4), 1532–1543 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugan LL , TuretskyDM, DuCet al. Carboxyfullerenes as neuroprotective agents. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94(17), 9434–9439 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosi S , DaRT, SpallutoG, BalzariniJ, PratoM. Synthesis and anti-HIV properties of new water-soluble bis-functionalized[60]fullerene derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.13(24), 4437–4440 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchesan S , DaRT, SpallutoG, BalzariniJ, PratoM. Anti-HIV properties of cationic fullerene derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.15(15), 3615–3618 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger CS , MarksJW, BolskarRD, RosenblumMG, WilsonLJ. Cell internalization studies of gadofullerene-(ZME-018) immunoconjugates into A375m melanoma cells. Transl. Oncol.4(6), 350–354 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daroczi B , KariG, McAleerMF, WolfJC, RodeckU, DickerAP. In vivo radioprotection by the fullerene nanoparticle DF-1 as assessed in a zebrafish model. Clin. Cancer Res.12(23), 7086–7091 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai YL , MuruganP, HwangKC. Fullerene derivative attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury. Life Sci.72(11), 1271–1278 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez KA , WilsonLJ, WuW, NancollasGH. Synthesis and in vitro characterization of a tissue-selective fullerene: vectoring C(60)(OH)(16)AMBP to mineralized bone. Bioorg. Med. Chem.10(6), 1991–1997 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellinger A , ZhouZ, LenkR, MacfarlandD, KepleyCL. Fullerene nanomaterials inhibit phorbol myristate acetate-induced inflammation. Exp. Dermatol.18(12), 1079–1081 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsao N , LuhTY, ChouCKet al.: In vitro action of carboxyfullerene. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.49(4), 641–649 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quick KL , AliSS, ArchR, XiongC, WozniakD, DuganLL. A carboxyfullerene SOD mimetic improves cognition and extends the lifespan of mice. Neurobiol. Aging29(1), 117–128 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baati T , BourassetF, GharbiNet al. The prolongation of the lifespan of rats by repeated oral administration of [60]fullerene. Biomaterials 33(19), 4936–4946 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamago S , TokuyamaH, NakamuraEet al.: In vivo biological behavior of a water-miscible fullerene: 14C labeling, absorption, distribution, excretion and acute toxicity. Chem. Biol.2(6), 385–389 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan JJ , BatemanHR, StoverAet al. Fullerene nanomaterials inhibit the allergic response. J. Immunol. 179(1), 665–672 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellinger A , ZhouZ, NortonSK, LenkR, ConradD, KepleyCL. Uptake and distribution of fullerenes in human mast cells. Nanomedicine6(4), 575–582 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton SK , DellingerA, ZhouZet al. A new class of human mast cell and peripheral blood basophil stabilizers that differentially control allergic mediator release. Clin. Transl. Sci. 3(4), 158–169 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galli SJ , TsaiM, PiliponskyAM. The development of allergic inflammation. Nature454(7203), 445–454 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi T , MiuraT, HabaTet al. An essential role of mast cells in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine asthma model. J. Immunol. 164(7), 3855–3861 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams CM , GalliSJ. Mast cells can amplify airway reactivity and features of chronic inflammation in an asthma model in mice. J. Exp. Med.192(3), 455–462 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon JR , GalliSJ. Mast cells as a source of both preformed and immunologically inducible TNF-alpha/cachectin. Nature346, 274–276 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brightling C , BerryM, AmraniY. Targeting TNF-alpha: a novel therapeutic approach for asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.121(1), 5–10 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kepley CL , McfeeleyPJ, OliverJM, LipscombMF. Immunohistochemical detection of human basophils in postmortem cases of fatal asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.164(6), 1053–1058 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kepley CL , CraigSS, SchwartzLB. Identification and partial characterization of a unique marker for human basophils. J. Immunol.154(12), 6548–6555 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder JT . Basophils beyond effector cells of allergic inflammation. Adv. Immunol.101, 123–161 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson DJ , SykesA, MalliaP, JohnstonSL. Asthma exacerbations: origin, effect, and prevention. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.128(6), 1165–1174 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton SK , WijesingheDS, DellingerAet al. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are involved in the C(70) fullerene derivative-induced control of allergic asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 130(3), 761–769 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudhahar V , ShawS, ImigJD. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analogs and vascular function. Curr. Med. Chem.17(12), 1181–1190 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfister SL , GauthierKM, CampbellWB. Vascular pharmacology of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Adv. Pharmacol.60, 27–59 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morin C , RousseauE. Effects of 5-oxo-ETE and 14,15-EET on reactivity and Ca2+ sensitivity in guinea pig bronchi. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat.82(1–4), 30–41 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin C , SiroisM, EchaveV, GomesMM, RousseauE. EET displays anti-inflammatory effects in TNF-alpha stimulated human bronchi: putative role of CPI-17. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.38(2), 192–201 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Node K , HuoY, RuanXet al. Anti-inflammatory properties of cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. Science 285(5431), 1276–1279 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigrovic PA , LeeDM. Synovial mast cells: role in acute and chronic arthritis. Immunol. Rev.217, 19–37 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolley DE . The mast cell in inflammatory arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med.348(17), 1709–1711 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irani AA , GolzarN, DebloisG, GruberB, SchwartzLB. Distribution of mast cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synovia. Arthritis Rheum.30, 66 (1987).
   Google Scholar
• Bridges AJ , MaloneDG, JicinskyJet al. Human synovial mast cell involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: relationship to disease type, clinical activity, and antirheumatic therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 34, 1116–1124 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotis-Graham I , SmithMD, ParkerA, McneilHP. Synovial mast cell responses during clinical improvement in early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis.57(11), 664–671 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavery JP , LisseJR. Preliminary study of the tryptase levels in the synovial fluid of patients with inflammatory arthritis. Ann. Allergy72, 425–427 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee DM , FriendDS, GurishMF, BenoistC, MathisD, BrennerMB. Mast cells: a cellular link between autoantibodies and inflammatory arthritis. Science.297(5587), 1689–1692 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinser R . Animal models for arthritis. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol.22(2), 253–267 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigrovic PA , LeeDM. Mast cells in autoantibody responses and arthritis. Novartis Found. Symp.271, 200–209 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winyard PG , RyanB, EggletonPet al. Measurement and meaning of markers of reactive species of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in healthy human subjects and patients with inflammatory joint disease. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 39, 1226–1232 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Z , LenkRP, DellingerA, WilsonSR, SadlerR, KepleyCL. Liposomal formulation of amphiphilic fullerene antioxidants. Bioconjug. Chem.21(9), 1656–1661 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrich M , van Tassell R, Li Y, Zhou Z, Kepley CL. Fullerene antioxidants decrease organophosphate-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition in vitro. Toxicol. In Vitro25(1), 301–307 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao W , GomezG, MaceyM, KepleyCL, SchwartzLB. In vitro desensitization of human skin mast cells. J. Clin. Immunol.32(1), 150–160 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirico F , FumelliC, MarconiAet al. Carboxyfullerenes localize within mitochondria and prevent the UVB-induced intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Exp. Dermatol. 16(5), 429–436 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fumelli C , MarconiA, SalvioliSet al. Carboxyfullerenes protect human keratinocytes from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 115(5), 835–841 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitman N , AsquithDL, MurphyG, LiewFY, McinnesIB. Collagen-induced arthritis is not impaired in mast cell-deficient mice. Ann. Rheum. Dis.70(6), 1170–1171 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown MA , TanzolaMB, Robbie-RyanM. Mechanisms underlying mast cell influence on EAE disease course. Mol. Immunol.38(16–18), 1373–1378 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory GD , BickfordA, Robbie-RyanM, TanzolaM, BrownMA. MASTering the immune response: mast cells in autoimmunity. Novartis Found. Symp.271, 215–225; discussion 225–231 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Secor VH , SecorWE, GutekunstCA, BrownMA. Mast cells are essential for early onset and severe disease in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. J. Exp. Med.191(5), 813–822 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li LB , ReithME. Modeling of the interaction of Na+ and K+ with the binding of dopamine and [3H]WIN 35,428 to the human dopamine transporter. J. Neurochem.72(3), 1095–1109 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugan LL , GabrielsenJK, YuSP, LinTS, ChoiDW. Buckminsterfullerenol free radical scavengers reduce excitotoxic and apoptotic death of cultured cortical neurons. Neurobiol. Dis.3(2), 129–135 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali SS , HardtJI, QuickKLet al. A biologically effective fullerene (C60) derivative with superoxide dismutase mimetic properties. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 37(8), 1191–1202 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borland MK , TrimmerPA, RubinsteinJDet al. Chronic, low-dose rotenone reproduces Lewy neurites found in early stages of Parkinson‘s disease, reduces mitochondrial movement and slowly kills differentiated SH-SY5Y neural cells. Mol. Neurodegener. 3, 21 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilgun-Sherki Y , MelamedE, OffenD. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: the need for effective antioxidant therapy. J. Neurol.251(3), 261–268 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakry R , VallantRM, Najam-Ul-HaqMet al. Medicinal applications of fullerenes. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2(4), 639–649 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mody VV , NounouMI, BikramM. Novel nanomedicine-based MRI contrast agents for gynecological malignancies. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.61(10), 795–807 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nitta N , SekoA, SonodaAet al. Is the use of fullerene in photodynamic therapy effective for atherosclerosis? Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 31(2), 359–366 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolskar RD . Gadofullerene MRI contrast agents. Nanomedicine (Lond.)3(2), 201–213 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chewning RH , MurphyKJ. Gadolinium-based contrast media and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with renal insufficiency. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol.18(3), 331–333 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runge VM . Gadolinium and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol.192(4), W195–W196 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledneva E , KarieS, Launay-VacherV, JanusN, DerayG. Renal safety of gadolinium-based contrast media in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Radiology250(3), 618–628 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowper SE . Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a review and exploration of the role of gadolinium. Adv. Dermatol.23, 131–154 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Macfarland DK , WalkerKL, LenkRPet al. Hydrochalarones: a novel endohedral metallofullerene platform for enhancing magnetic resonance imaging contrast. J. Med. Chem. 51(13), 3681–3683 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouimet T , LancelotE, HyafilFet al. Molecular and cellular targets of the MRI contrast agent p947 for atherosclerosis imaging. Mol. Pharm. 9(4), 850–861 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uno K , NichollsSJ. Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. Biomark. Med.4(3), 361–373 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghi MM , GloverDK, LanzaGM, FayadZA, JohnsonLL. Imaging atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque. J. Nucl. Med.51(Suppl. 1), 51S–65S (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nergiz-Unal R , RademakersT, CosemansJM, HeemskerkJW. CD36 as a multiple-ligand signaling receptor in atherothrombosis. Cardiovasc. Hematol. Agents Med. Chem.9(1), 42–55 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Collot-Teixeira S , MartinJ, Rmott-RoeC, PostonR, McgregorJL. CD36 and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc. Res.75(3), 468–477 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge Y , ElghetanyMT. CD36: a multiligand molecule. Lab. Hematol.11(1), 31–37 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silverstein RL , FebbraioM. CD36, a scavenger receptor involved in immunity, metabolism, angiogenesis, and behavior. Sci. Signal.2(72), re3 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podrez EA , PoliakovE, ShenZet al. Identification of a novel family of oxidized phospholipids that serve as ligands for the macrophage scavenger receptor CD36. J. Biol. Chem. 277(41), 38503–38516 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolovou G , AnagnostopoulouK, MikhailidisDP, CokkinosDV. Apolipoprotein E knockout models. Curr. Pharm. Des.14(4), 338–351 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patra CR , JingY, XuYHet al. A core–shell nanomaterial with endogenous therapeutic and diagnostic functions. Cancer Nanotechnol. 1(1), 13–18 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yigit MV , ZhuL, IfedibaMAet al. Noninvasive MRI-SERS imaging in living mice using an innately bimodal nanomaterial. ACS Nano 5(2), 1056–1066 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JH , von Maltzahn G, Ruoslahti E, Bhatia SN, Sailor MJ. Micellar hybrid nanoparticles for simultaneous magnetofluorescent imaging and drug delivery. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.47(38), 7284–7288 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JH , Von Maltzahn G, Zhang L et al. Magnetic iron oxide nanoworms for tumor targeting and imaging. Adv. Mater.20(9), 1630–1635 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Maltzahn G , RenY, ParkJHet al.: In vivo tumor cell targeting with “click” nanoparticles. Bioconjug. Chem.19(8), 1570–1578 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffer FA , LibbyP, WeisslederR. Molecular and cellular imaging of atherosclerosis: emerging applications. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.47(7), 1328–1338 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffer FA , NahrendorfM, SosnovikD, KellyKA, AikawaE, WeisslederR. Cellular imaging of inflammation in atherosclerosis using magnetofluorescent nanomaterials. Mol. Imaging5(2), 85–92 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mccarthy JR , JafferFA, WeisslederR. A macrophage-targeted theranostic nanoparticle for biomedical applications. Small2(8–9), 983–987 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C , HallWA, JinN, TodhunterDA, Panoskaltsis-MortariA, ValleraDA. Targeting glioblastoma multiforme with an IL-13/diphtheria toxin fusion protein in vitro and in vivo in nude mice. Protein Eng.15(5), 419–427 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Todhunter DA , HallWA, RustamzadehE, ShuY, DoumbiaSO, ValleraDA. A bispecific immunotoxin (DTAT13) targeting human IL-13 receptor (IL-13R) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in a mouse xenograft model. Protein Eng. Des. Sel.17(2), 157–164 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madhankumar AB , Slagle-WebbB, MintzA, SheehanJM, ConnorJR. Interleukin13 receptor-targeted nanovesicles are a potential therapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Mol. Cancer Ther.5(12), 3162–3169 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdorster E . Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass. Environ. Health Perspect.112(10), 1058–1062 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnaby JF . Study raises concerns about carbon particles. New York Times, 29th March (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Zhu S , OberdorsterE, HaaschML. Toxicity of an engineered nanoparticle (fullerene, C60) in two aquatic species, Daphnia and fathead minnow. Mar. Environ. Res.62(Suppl.), S5–S9 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henry TB , PetersenEJ, ComptonRN. Aqueous fullerene aggregates (nC60) generate minimal reactive oxygen species and are of low toxicity in fish: a revision of previous reports. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.22(4), 533–537 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen HH , YuC, UengTHet al. Acute and subacute toxicity study of water-soluble polyalkylsulfonated C60 in rats. Toxicol. Pathol. 26(1), 143–151 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori T , TakadaH, ItoS, MatsubayashiK, MiwaN, SawaguchiT. Preclinical studies on safety of fullerene upon acute oral administration and evaluation for no mutagenesis. Toxicology225(1), 48–54 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gharbi N , PressacM, HadchouelM, SzwarcH, WilsonSR, MoussaF. [60]fullerene is a powerful antioxidant in vivo with no acute or subacute toxicity. Nano. Lett.5(12), 2578–2585 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim M , SalehNA, ElshemeyWM, ElsayedAA. Fullerene derivative as anti-HIV protease inhibitor: molecular modeling and QSAR approaches. Mini. Rev. Med. Chem.12(6), 447–451 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo Z , XuX, ZhangX, HuL. Development of calixarenes, cyclodextrins and fullerenes as new platforms for anti-HIV drug design: an overview. Mini Rev. Med. Chem.13(8), 1160–1165 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornev AB , PeregudovAS, MartynenkoVM, BalzariniJ, HoorelbekeB, TroshinPA. Synthesis and antiviral activity of highly water-soluble polycarboxylic derivatives of [70]fullerene. Chem. Commun. (Camb.)47(29), 8298–8300 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu ZW , SchusterDI, TuckermanME. Molecular dynamics study of the connection between flap closing and binding of fullerene-based inhibitors of the HIV-1 protease. Biochemistry42(5), 1326–1333 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcorin GL , Da Ros T, Castellano S et al. Design and synthesis of novel [60]fullerene derivatives as potential HIV aspartic protease inhibitors. Org. Lett.2(25), 3955–3958 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rancan F , RosanS, BoehmFet al. Cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of a dendritic C-60 mono-adduct and a malonic acid C-60 tris-adduct on Jurkat cells. J. Photoch. Photobio. B 67(3), 157–162 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y , WangH. Nanomedicine: nanotechnology tackles tumours. Nat. Nanotechnol.2(1), 20–21 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saathoff JG , InmanAO, XiaXR, RiviereJE, Monteiro-RiviereNA. In vitro toxicity assessment of three hydroxylated fullerenes in human skin cells. Toxicol. In Vitro25(8), 2105–2112 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar