Advanced search
Publication Cover
Pediatric Health Volume 3, 2009 - Issue 2
Journal homepage
363
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Treatment Options for Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome

Graham C Smith† Children’s Kidney Centre, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK Tel.: +44 292 074 3310 Fax.: +44 292 074 [email protected]View further author information
Pages 165-174 | Published online: 09 Apr 2009

Bibliography

  • Hodson EM , WillisNS, CraigJC: Corticosteroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome in children.Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (4), CD001533 (2007).
  • Hoyer PF , Brodehl J; Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pädiatrische Nephrologie (APN): Initial treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children: prednisone versus prednisone plus cyclosporine A: a prospective, randomized trial. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.17, 1151–1157(2006).
  • Nephrotic syndrome in children: a randomized trial comparing two prednisone regimens in steroid-responsive patients who relapse early. Report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children. J. Pediatr.95, 239–243(1979).
  • Takahashi S , WadaN, MurakamiHet al.: Triggers of relapse in steroid- dependent and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome.Pediatr. Nephrol.22, 232–236(2007).
  • Mattoo TK , MahmoudMA: Increased maintenance corticosteroids during upper respiratory infection decrease the risk of relapse in nephrotic syndrome.Nephron.85, 343–345(2000).
  • Abeyagunawardena AS , TrompeterR: Increasing the dose of prednisolone during viral infections reduces the risk of relapse in nephrotic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial.Arch. Dis. Child.93, 226–228(2008).
  • Leonard MB , FeldmanHI, ShultsJ, ZemelBS, FosterBJ, StallingsVA: Long-term, high-dose glucocorticoids and bone mineral content in childhood glucocorticoid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (see comment).N. Engl. J. Med.351, 868–875(2004).
  • Burnham JM , ShultsJ, SemeaoEet al.: Whole body BMC in pediatric Crohn disease: Independent effects of altered growth, maturation, and body composition.J. Bone. Miner. Res.19, 1961–1968(2004).
  • Burnham JM , ShultsJ, PetitMAet al.: Alterations in proximal femur geometry in children treated with glucocorticoids for Crohn‘s disease or nephrotic syndrome: impact of the underlying disease.J. Bone. Miner. Res.22, 551–559(2007).
  • Bak M , SerdarogluE, GucluR: Prophylactic calcium and vitamin D treatments in steroid- treated children with nephrotic syndrome.Pediatr. Nephrol.21, 350–354(2006).
  • Foster BJ , ShultsJ, ZemelBS, LeonardMB: Risk factors for glucocorticoid-induced obesity in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.Pediatr. Nephrol.21, 973–980(2006).
  • Hayasaka Y , HayasakaS, MatsukuraH: Ocular findings in Japanese children with nephrotic syndrome receiving prolonged corticosteroid therapy.Ophthalmologica220, 181–185(2006).
  • Broyer M , TerziF, LehnertA, GagnadouxMF, GuestG, NiaudetP: A controlled study of deflazacort in the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.Pediatr. Nephrol.11, 418–422(1997).
  • Hodson EM , WillisNS, CraigJC: Noncorticosteroid treatment for nephrotic syndrome in children (update of Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. [4], CD002290 [2001]).Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (1), CD002290 (2008).
  • Al Saran K , MirzaK, Al Ghanam G, Abdelkarim M: Experience with levamisole in frequently relapsing, steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr. Nephrol.21, 201–205(2006).
  • Abeyagunawardena AS , TrompeterRS: Efficacy of levamisole as a single agent in maintaining remission in steroid dependant nephrotic syndrome.Pediatr. Nephrol.21, 1503 (2006).
  • Weiss R : Randomized double-blind placebo controlled, multicenter trial of levamisole for children with frequently relapsing/steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome.J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.4, 289 (1993).
  • Gruppen MP , MerkusMP, DavinJC: Levamisole in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS): an international multicenter double-blind randomized trial: the last news.Pediatr. Nephrol.21, 1531 (2006).
  • Durkan AM , HodsonEM, WillisNS, CraigJC: Immunosuppressive agents in childhood nephrotic syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Kidney. Int.59, 1919–1927(2001).
  • Latta K , von Schnakenburg C, Ehrich JHH: A meta-analysis of cytotoxic treatment for frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome in children. Pediatr. Nephrol.16, 271–282(2001).
  • Prasad N , GulatiS, SharmaRK, SinghU, AhmedM: Pulse cyclophosphamide therapy in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.Pediatr. Nephrol.19, 494–498(2004).
  • Abeyagunawardena AS , TrompeterRS: Intravenous pulsed vs oral cyclophosphamide in steroid dependant nephrotic syndrome.Pediatr. Nephrol.21, 1535 (2006).
  • Kyrieleis HA , LevtchenkoEN, WetzelsJF: Long-term outcome after cyclophosphamide treatment in children with steroid-dependent and frequently relapsing minimal change nephrotic syndrome.Am. J. Kidney. Dis.49, 592–597(2007).
  • Fujinaga S , KanekoK, MutoT, OhtomoY, MurakamiH, YamashiroY: Independent risk factors for chronic cyclosporine induced nephropathy in children with nephrotic syndrome.Arch. Dis. Child.91, 666–670(2006).
  • Sinha MD , MacLeodR, RigbyE, ClarkAG: Treatment of severe steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) in children with tacrolimus (see comment).Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.21, 1848–1854(2006).
  • Dittrich K , KnerrI, RascherW, DotschJ: Transient insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children with steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome during tacrolimus treatment.Pediatr. Nephrol.21, 958–961(2006).
  • Bagga A , HariP, MoudgilA, JordanSC: Mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone therapy in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.Am. J. Kidney. Dis.42, 1114–1120(2003).
  • Mendizabal S , ZamoraI, BerbelO, SanahujaMJ, FuentesJ, SimonJ: Mycophenolate mofetil in steroid/cyclosporine-dependent/resistant nephrotic syndrome.Pediatr. Nephrol.20, 914–919(2005).
  • Moudgil A , BaggaA, JordanSC: Mycophenolate mofetil therapy in frequently relapsing steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome of childhood: current status and future directions.Pediatr. Nephrol.20, 1376–1381(2005).
  • Hogg RJ , FitzgibbonsL, BruickJet al.: Mycophenolate mofetil in children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: a report from the Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group.Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.1, 1173–1178(2006).
  • Dorresteijn E , Kist-van Holthe J, Levtchenko EN, Nauta J, Hop W, Van der Hejden A: Randomized controlled trial of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) versus cyclosporine A in children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr. Nephrol.22, 1442 (2007).
  • Ulinksi T , DubourgL, SaïdMH, ParchouxB, RanchinB, CochatP: Switch from cyclosporine A to mycophenolate mofetil in nephrotic children.Pediatr. Nephrol.20, 482–485(2005).
  • Ohtomo Y , FujinagaS, TakadaMet al.: High-dose mizoribine therapy for childhood-onset frequently relapsing steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome with cyclosporin nephrotoxicity.Pediatr. Nephrol.20, 1744–1749(2005).
  • Fujinaga S , OhtomoY, UminoDet al.: A prospective study on the use of mycophenolate mofetil in children with cyclosporine-dependent nephrotic syndrome.Pediatr. Nephrol.22, 71–76(2007).
  • Kemper MJ , Meyer-JarkT, LilovaM, Muller-WiefelDE: Combined T- and B-cell activation in childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.Clin. Nephrol.60, 242–247(2003).
  • Dötsch J , Müller-WiefelDE, KemperMJ: Rituximab: is replacement of cyclophosphamide and calcineurin inhibitors in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome possible?Pediatr. Nephrol.23, 3–7(2008).
  • Kemper MJ , MoellerC, RinkN, Van Husen M, Müller-Wiefel DE: Treatment of refractory steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) with rituximab (RTX). Pediatr. Nephrol.22, 1445 (2007).
  • Guigonis V , DalochioA, BaudouinVet al.: Rituximab treatment for severe steroid- or cyclosporine-dependent nephrotic syndrome: a multicentric series of 22 cases.Pediatr. Nephrol.23, 1269–1279(2008).
  • Smith GC : Is there a role for rituximab in the treatment of idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome?Pediatr. Nephrol.22, 893–898(2007).
  • Sharma AP , FillerG: Role of mycophenolate mofetil in remission maintenance after a successful response to rituximab.Pediatr. Nephrol.24, 423–424(2009).
  • Kausman JY , YinL, JonesCL, JohnstoneL, PowellHR: Vincristine treatment in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.Pediatr. Nephrol.20, 1416–1419(2006).
  • Krishnan RG , CoulthardMG, MoghalNE: Is there a role for vincristine in nephrotic syndrome?Pediatr. Nephrol.21, 597 (2006).
  • Wang Y , LiuA, DaiY, YangC, TangH: The treatment of relapsing primary nephrotic syndrome in children.J. Zheijang. Univ. SCI6B(7), 682–685(2005).
  • Iyengar A , DamleH, KulkarniC, DamleL, PhadkeK: Steroid sparing effect of a herbal preparation in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.Pediatr. Nephrol.21, 1031–1033(2006).
  • Indian Pediatric Nephrology Group: Management of steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome: revised guidelines. Indian Pediatr.45, 203–214(2008).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.