Regional Anesthesia For Breast Cancer Surgery: Which Block Is Best? A Review Of The Current Literature

References

• Sinha C , KumarA , KumarA , PrasadC , SinghPK , PriyaD. Pectoral nerve versus erector spinae block for breast surgeries: a randomised controlled trial. Indian J. Anaesth.63(8), 617–622 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel RL , MillerKD , FuchsHE , JemalA. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J. Clin.71(1), 7–33 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gad M , AbdelwahabK , AbdallahA , AbdelkhalekM , AbdelazizM. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block compared to modified pectoral plane block for modified radical mastectomy operations. Anesth. Essays Res.13(2), 334–339 (2019).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Loibl S , PoortmansP , MorrowM , DenkertC , CuriglianoG. Breast cancer. Lancet397(10286), 1750–1769 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albi-Feldzer Aline et al. Preoperative paravertebral block and chronic pain after breast cancer surgery: a double-blind randomized trial. Anesthesiology135(6), 1091–1103 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forero M , AdhikarySD , LopezH , TsuiC , ChinKJ. The erector spinae plane block: a novel analgesic technique in thoracic neuropathic pain. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med.41(5), 621–627 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace MM , SharmaB , Anderson-DamJ , FleischmannK , WarrenL , StefanovichP. Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral blockade: a retrospective study of the incidence of complications. Anesth. Analg.122(4), 1186–1191 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadzic A . Thoracic and lumbar paravertebral block. In: Hadzic’s Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management. McGraw-Hill Education, NY, USA, 1359 (2017).
   Google Scholar
• Helander E et al. PECS, serratus plane, erector spinae, and paravertebral blocks: a comprehensive review. Clin. Anaesthesiol.33(4), 573–581 (2019).
   Google Scholar
• Dalim B , PuneetK , SouvikM. Analgesic efficacy and safety of thoracic paravertebral and epidural analgesia for thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg.18(5), 626–635 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swisher MW et al. Erector spinae plane versus paravertebral nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia after breast surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med.45(4), 260–266 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasimahanti R et al. Ultrasound-guided single- vs double-level thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia in total mastectomy with axillary clearance. J. Clin. Anesth.33, 414–421 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs A , LemoineA , JoshiGP , Vande Velde M , BonnetF. PROSPECT guideline for oncological breast surgery: a systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia75, 664–673 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calì L et al. Anesthesia and analgesia in breast surgery: the benefits of peripheral nerve block. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci.21(6), 1341–1345 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eason MJ , WyattR. Paravertebral thoracic block: a reappraisal. Anaesthesia34(7), 638–642 (1979).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb D et al. How we do it: ultrasound guided paravertebral block, feedback. ASRA News13(1), 10–12 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Klein SM et al. Thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery. Anesth. Analg.90(6), 1402–1405 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahy A et al. Paravertebral blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy with or without immediate reconstruction provides improved pain control and decreased postoperative nausea and vomiting. Ann. Surgi. Oncol.21(10), 3284–3289 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco R . The ‘pecs block’: a novel technique for providing analgesia after breast surgery. Anaesthesia66(9), 847–848 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elshanbary A et al. Efficacy and safety of pectoral nerve block (pecs) compared with control, paravertebral block, erector spinae plane block, and local anesthesia in patients undergoing breast cancer surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. J. Pain37(12), 925–939 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco R et al. Ultrasound description of pecs II (modified pecs I): a novel approach to breast surgery. Rev. Esp. Anestesiol. Reanim.59(9), 470–475 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bashandy G , MohammadN , DinaN. Pectoral nerves I and II blocks in multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med.40(1), 68–74 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sheikh SM , FouadA , BashandyGN , AL-AzzbM , GamalR. Ultrasound guided modified pectoral nerves block versus thoracic paravertebral block for perioperative analgesia in major breast surgery. Med. J. Cairo Univ.84, 189–195 (2016).
   Google Scholar
• Kim DH , KimS , KimCSet al. Efficacy of pectoral nerve block type II for breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy: a prospective randomized controlled study. Pain Res. Manag. doi:10.1155/2018/4315931 (2018).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senapathi T et al. Combined ultrasound-guided pecs II block and general anesthesia are effective for reducing pain from modified radical mastectomy. J. Pain Res.12, 1353–1358 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versyck B et al. Prospective double blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of the pectoral nerves (pecs) block type II. J. Clin. Anesth.40, 46–50 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao Y , FuS , DaiSet al. Impact of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block on postoperative quality of recovery in video-assisted thoracic surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J. Clin. Anesth.63, 109783 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartzmann A , PengP , MacielMA , ForeroM. Mechanism of the erector spinae plane block: insights from a magnetic resonance imaging study. Can. J. Anesth.65, 1165–1166 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S , ChoudharyN , LalinD , VermaV. Bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in lumbar spine surgery. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol.32(4), 330–334 (2019).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung K , KimE. Continuous erector spinae plane block at the lower lumbar level in a lower extremity complex regional pain syndrome patient. J. Clin. Anesth.48, 30–31 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bang S , ChoiJ , KimED. A high thoracic erector spinae plane block used for sympathetic block in patients with upper extremity complex regional pain syndrome. J. Clin. Anesth.60, 99–100 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diwan S , GarudR , NairA. Thoracic paravertebral and erector spinae plane block: a cadaveric study demonstrating different site of injections and similar destinations. Saudi J. Anaesth.13, 399 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govender S , MohrD , BosenbergA , Van SchoorAN. A cadaveric study of the erector spinae plane block in a neonatal sample. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med.45, 386–388 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal E , GiménezH , ForeroM , FajardoM. Erector spinae plane block: a cadaver study to determine its mechanism of action. Rev. Esp. Anestesiol. Reanim.65, 514–519 (2018).
   Google Scholar
• Aponte A , Sala-BlanchX , Prats-GalinoA , MasdeuJ , MorenoLA , SermeusLA. Anatomical evaluation of the extent of spread in the erector spinae plane block: a cadaveric study. Can. J. Anesth.66, 886–893 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanusic J , KonishiY , BarringtonMJ. A cadaveric study investigating the mechanism of action of erector spinae blockade. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med.43(6), 567–571 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhikary SD , BernardS , LopezH , ChinKJ. Erector spinae plane block versus retrolaminar block: a magnetic resonance imaging and anatomical study. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med.43(7), 756–762 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartzmann A , PengP , MacielMA , AlcarrazP , GonzalezX , ForeroM. A magnetic resonance imaging study of local anesthetic spread in patients receiving an erector spinae plane block. Can. J. Anesth.67(8), 942–948 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saadawi M , LayeraS , AlisteJ , BravoD , LeurcharusmeeP , TranQ. Erector spinae plane block: a narrative review with systematic analysis of the evidence pertaining to clinical indications and alternative truncal blocks. J. Clin. Anesth.68, 110063 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kose HC , KoseSG , ThomasDT. Lumbar versus thoracic erector spinae plane block: similar nomenclature, different mechanism of action. J. Clin. Anesth.48(1), doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.03.026 (2018).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aksu C , KuşA , YörükoğluHU , TorKılıç C , GürkanY. Analgesic effect of bi-level injection erector spinae plane block after breast surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Ağrı. - J. Turkish Soc. Algol.31, 132–137 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S , KumarG , Akhileshwar. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in modified radical mastectomy: a randomised control study. Indian J. Anesth.63(3), 200–204 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao Y , LiH , HeQ , ChenT , WangY , ZhengX. Efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block on postoperative quality of recovery and analgesia after modified radical mastectomy: randomized controlled trial. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med.45, 5–9 (2020).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahba S , KamalS. Thoracic paravertebral block versus pectoral nerve block for analgesia after breast surgery. Egypt. J. Anesth.30(2), 129–135 (2014).
   Google Scholar
• Kulhari S et al. Efficacy of pectoral nerve block versus thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia after radical mastectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Brit. J. Anesth.117(3), 382–386 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martsiniv Volodymyr V et al. Efficacy of pectoral nerve block type II versus thoracic paravertebral block for analgesia in breast cancer surgery. Wiad. Lek.73(7), 1470–1475 (2020).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Versyck B et al. Analgesic efficacy of the pecs II block: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anaesthesia74(5), 663–673 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grape S et al. Analgesic efficacy of PECS vs paravertebral blocks after radical mastectomy: a systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. J.Clin.Anesth.63, 109745 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elshanbary Ahmed A et al. Efficacy and safety of pectoral nerve block (pecs) compared with control, paravertebral block, erector spinae plane block, and local anesthesia in patients undergoing breast cancer surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. J. Pain37(12), 925–939 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kus A , GurkanY , GulA , SolakM , TokerK. Pleural puncture and intrathoracic catheter placement during ultrasound guided paravertebral block. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth.27(2), 11–12 (2013).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsui B , FonsecaA , MunsheyF , McFadyenG , CarusoT. The erector spinae plane (ESP) block: a pooled review of 242 cases. J. Clin. Anesth.53, 29–34 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong C , HanC , ZhaoD , PengW , XuD , LanZ. Postoperative analgesic effects of paravertebral block versus erector spinae plane block for thoracic and breast surgery: a meta-analysis. PLOS ONE16(8), e0256611 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gürkan Y , AksuC , KuşA , YörükoğluU. Erector spinae plane block and thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery compared to IV-morphine: a randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Anesth.59, 84–88 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altıparmak B , TokerM , UysalA , TuranM , DemirbilekS. Comparison of the effects of modified pectoral nerve block and erector spinae plane block on postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores of patients after radical mastectomy surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J. Clin. Anesth.54, 61–65 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco R , FajardoM , ParrasMaldonado T. Ultrasound description of pecs II (modified pecs I): a novel approach to breast surgery. Rev. Esp. Anestesiol. Reanim.59(9), 470–475 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hong B , BangS , OhC , ParkE , ParkS. Comparison of PECS II and erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia following modified radical mastectomy: bayesian network meta-analysis using a control group. J. Anesth.35(5), 723–733 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar