Pain in Spinal Cord Injury

• Wyndaele M , WyndaeleJJ. Incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury: what learns a worldwide literature survey? Spinal Cord44(9) , 523–529 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budh CN , OsterakerAL. Life satisfaction in individuals with a spinal cord injury and pain. Clin. Rehabil.21(1) , 89–96 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkers M , BryceT, ZancaJ. Prevalence of chronic pain after traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev.46(1) , 13–29 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biering-S⊘rensen F , CharlifueS, DeVivoM et al. International Spinal Cord Injury Data Sets. Spinal Cord 44(9) , 530–534 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biering-Sorensen F , ScheuringerM, BaumbergerM et al. Developing core sets for persons with spinal cord injuries based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a way to specify functioning. Spinal Cord 44(9) , 541–546 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widerstrom-Noga E , Biering-SorensenF, BryceT et al. The International Spinal Cord Injury Pain Basic Data Set. Spinal Cord 46(12) , 818–823 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haanpaa M , AttalN, BackonjaM et al. NeuPSIG guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment. Pain 152(1) , 14–27 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen MP , Widerstrom-NogaE, RichardsJS et al. Reliability and validity of the International Spinal Cord Injury Basic Pain Data Set items as self-report measures. Spinal Cord 48(3) , 230–238 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryce TN , BudhCN, CardenasDD et al. Pain after spinal cord injury: an evidence-based review for clinical practice and research. Report of the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Spinal Cord Injury Measures meeting. J. Spinal Cord Med. 30(5) , 421–440 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddall PJ , McClellandJM, RutkowskiSB, CousinsMJ. A longitudinal study of the prevalence and characteristics of pain in the first 5 years following spinal cord injury. Pain103(3) , 249–257 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werhagen L , HultlingC, MolanderC. The prevalence of neuropathic pain after non-traumatic spinal cord lesion. Spinal Cord (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Siddall PJ . Pain following spinal cord injury. In: Wall and Melzack´s Textbook of Pain. McMahon S, Koltzenburg M (Eds). Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, UK, 1043–1055 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Finnerup NB , FaaborgP, KroghK, JensenTS. Abdominal pain in long-term spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord46(3) , 198–203 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnerup NB , JohannesenIL, SindrupSH, BachFW, JensenTS. Pain and dysesthesia in patients with spinal cord injury: a postal survey. Spinal Cord39(5) , 256–262 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardenas DD , TurnerJA, WarmsCA, MarshallHM. Classification of chronic pain associated with spinal cord injuries. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.83(12) , 1708–1714 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddall PJ , LoeserJD. Pain following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord39(2) , 63–73 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworkin RH , O‘ConnorAB, AudetteJ et al. Recommendations for the pharmacological management of neuropathic pain: an overview and literature update. Mayo Clin. Proc. 85(Suppl. 3) , S3–S14 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnerup NB , SindrupSH, JensenTS. The evidence for pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. Pain150(3) , 573–581 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attal N , FinnerupNB. Pharmacological management of neuropathic pain. Pain Clin. Updates18(9) , 1–8 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Sills GJ . The mechanisms of action of gabapentin and pregabalin. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol.6(1) , 108–113 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rintala DH , HolmesSA, CourtadeD et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of amitriptyline and gabapentin on chronic neuropathic pain in persons with spinal cord injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 88(12) , 1547–1560 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levendoglu F , OgunCO, OzerbilO, OgunTC, UgurluH. Gabapentin is a first line drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury. Spine29(7) , 743–751 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tai Q , KirshblumS, ChenB et al. Gabapentin in the treatment of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. J. Spinal Cord Med. 25(2) , 100–105 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vranken JH , DijkgraafMG, KruisMR et al. Pregabalin in patients with central neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a flexible-dose regimen. Pain 136(1–2) , 150–157 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddall PJ , CousinsMJ, OtteA et al. Pregabalin in central neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury: a placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 67(10) , 1792–1800 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vranken JH . Mechanisms and treatment of neuropathic pain. Cent. Nerv. Syst. Agents Med. Chem.9(1) , 71–78 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cardenas DD , WarmsCA, TurnerJA et al. Efficacy of amitriptyline for relief of pain in spinal cord injury: results of a randomized controlled trial. Pain 96(3) , 365–373 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Österberg A , BoivieJ. Central pain in multiple sclerosis – A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of amitriptyline and carbamazepine. In: Central Pain in Multiple Sclerosis – Clinical Characteristics, Sensory Abnormalities, and Treatment. Österberg A (Ed.). Thesis, Sweden, Part III, 1–17 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Ray WA , MeredithS, ThapaPB, HallK, MurrayKT. Cyclic antidepressants and the risk of sudden cardiac death. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.75(3) , 234–241 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vranken JH , HollmannMW, van der Vegt MH et al. Duloxetine in patients with central neuropathic pain caused by spinal cord injury or stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain152(2) , 267–273 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stahl SM , GradyMM, MoretC, BrileyM. SNRIs: their pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and tolerability in comparison with other classes of antidepressants. CNS Spectr.10(9) , 732–747 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pergolizzi JV , TaylorR, RaffaRB. Extended-release formulations of tramadol in the treatment of chronic pain. Exp. Opin. Pharmacother.12(11) , 1757–1768 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norrbrink C , LundebergT. Tramadol in neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin. J. Pain25(3) , 177–184 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rintala DH , FiessRN, TanG, HolmesSA, BruelBM. Effect of dronabinol on central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a pilot study. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil.89(10) , 840–848 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyson-Hudson TA , KadarP, LaFountaineM et al. Acupuncture for chronic shoulder pain in persons with spinal cord injury: a small-scale clinical trial. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 88(10) , 1276–1283 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soler MD , KumruH, PelayoR et al. Effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation and visual illusion on neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury. Brain 133(9) , 2565–2577 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang BS , ShinHI, BangMS. Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the hand motor cortical area on central pain after spinal cord injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.90(10) , 1766–1771 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Defrin R , GrunhausL, ZamirD, ZeiligG. The effect of a series of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations of the motor cortex on central pain after spinal cord injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.88(12) , 1574–1580 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fregni F , BoggioPS, LimaMC et al. A sham-controlled, Phase 2 trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of central pain in traumatic spinal cord injury. Pain 122(1–2) , 197–209 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norrbrink C . Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treatment of spinal cord injury neuropathic pain. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev.46(1) , 85–93 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddall PJ , MiddletonJW. A proposed algorithm for the management of pain following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord44(2) , 67–77 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attal N , CruccuG, HaanpaaM et al. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. Eur. J. Neurol. 13(11) , 1153–1169 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnerup NB , SindrupSH, BachFW, JohannesenIL, JensenTS. Lamotrigine in spinal cord injury pain: a randomized controlled trial. Pain96(3) , 375–383 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiou-Tan FY , TuelSM, JohnsonJC et al. Effect of mexiletine on spinal cord injury dysesthetic pain. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 75(2) , 84–87 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drewes AM , AndreasenA, PoulsenLH. Valproate for treatment of chronic central pain after spinal cord injury. A double-blind cross-over study. Paraplegia32(8) , 565–569 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davidoff G , GuarraciniM, RothE, SliwaJ, YarkonyG. Trazodone hydrochloride in the treatment of dysesthetic pain in traumatic myelopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain29(2) , 151–161 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

▪ Website

• The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) taxonomy on pain. www.iasp-pain.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Pain_Definitions&Template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=1728
   Google Scholar