The Role of Screening Tools in Diagnosing Neuropathic Pain

References

• Treede RD , JensenTS , CampbellJNet al. Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes . Neurology70 , 1630 – 1635 ( 2008 ).  
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrance N , SmithBH , BennettMI , LeeAJ . The epidemiology of chronic pain of predominantly neuropathic origin. Results from a general population survey . J. Pain7 , 281 – 289 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith BH , TorranceN , BennettMI , LeeAJ . Health and quality of life associated with chronic pain of predominantly neuropathic origin in the community . Clin. J. Pain23 , 143 – 149 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouhassira D , Lanteri-MinetM , AttalN , LaurentB , TouboulC . Prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics in the general population . Pain136 , 380 – 387 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Hecke O , AustinSK , KhanRA , SmithBH , TorranceN . Neuropathic pain in the general population: a systematic review of epidemiological studies . Pain155 ( 4 ), 654 – 662 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weingarten TN , WatsonJC , HootenWMet al. Validation of the S-LANSS in the community setting . Pain.132 , 189 – 194 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies HTO , CrombieIK , MacraeWA , RogersKM . Pain clinic patients in northern Britain . Pain Clinic.5 , 129 – 135 ( 1992 ).
   Google Scholar
• Bennett MI , RaymentC , HjermstadM , AassN , CaraceniA , KaasaS . Prevalence and aetiology of neuropathic pain in cancer patients: a systematic review . Pain153 , 359 – 365 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diabetes in the UK 2012 – Key statistics on diabetes ( 2012 ). www.diabetes.org.uk/About_us/What-we-say/Statistics/Diabetes-in-the-UK-2012 , 
   Google Scholar
• Freynhagen R , BennettMI . Diagnosis and management of neuropathic pain . BMJ339 , b3002 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrance N , FergusonJA , AfolabiEet al. Neuropathic pain in the community: more under-treated than refractory? Pain 154 , 690 – 699 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayment C , HjermstadMJ , AassN , KaasaS , CaraceniA , StrasserFet al. Neuropathic cancer pain: prevalence, severity, analgesics and impact from the European Palliative Care Research Collaborative-Computerised Symptom Assessment study . Palliat. Med.27 ( 8 ), 714 – 721 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freynhagen R , BaronR , GockelU , TolleTR . painDETECT: a new screening questionnaire to identify neuropathic components in patients with back pain . Curr. Med. Res. Opin.22 , 1911 – 1920 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruccu G , TruiniA . Neuropathic pain and its assessment . Surg. Oncol.19 , 149 – 154 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett MI , SmithBH , TorranceN , LeeAJ . Can pain can be more or less neuropathic? Comparison of symptom assessment tools with ratings of certainty by clinicians . Pain122 , 289 – 294 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melzack R . The McGill pain questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods . Pain1 , 277 – 299 ( 1975 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubuisson D , MelzackR . Classification of clinical pain descriptions by multiple group discriminant analysis . Exp. Neurol.51 , 480 – 487 ( 1976 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boureau F , LuuM , DoubrereJF . Problems posed by the evaluation of pain and its psychological aspects . Neurophysiol. Clin.20 , 357 – 368 ( 1990 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boureau F , DoubrereJF , LuuM . Study of verbal description in neuropathic pain . Pain42 , 145 – 152 ( 1990 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett MI . The LANSS Pain Scale: the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs . Pain92 , 147 – 157 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouhassira D , AttalN , AlchaarHet al. Comparison of pain syndromes associated with nervous or somatic lesions and development of a new neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4) . Pain114 , 29 – 36 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause SJ , BackonjaMM . Development of a neuropathic pain questionnaire . Clin. J. Pain19 , 306 – 314 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett MI , AttalN , BackonjaMMet al. Using screening tools to identify neuropathic pain . Pain127 , 199 – 203 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RC 3rd , BackonjaMM . Review of neuropathic pain screening and assessment tools . Curr. Pain Headache Rep.17 , 363 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett MI , SmithBH , TorranceN , PotterJ . The S-LANSS score for identifying pain of predominantly neuropathic origin: validation for use in clinical and postal research . J. Pain6 , 149 – 158 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elzahaf RA , TashaniOA , UnsworthBA , JohnsonMI . Translation and linguistic validation of the self-completed Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) scale for use in a Libyan population . Pain Pract.13 , 198 – 205 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy J , QuinnS , FazekasB , AgarM , CurrowD . Can the LANSS scale be used to classify pain in chronic cancer pain trials?Support Care Cancer21 ( 12 ), 3387 – 3391 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George AK , SadekMA , SalujaSS , FarielloJY , WhitmoreKE , MoldwinRM . The impact of neuropathic pain in the chronic pelvic pain population . J. Urol.188 , 1783 – 1787 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eker HE , CokOY , AriboganA , ArslanG . Management of neuropathic pain with methylprednisolone at the site of nerve injury . Pain Med.13 , 443 – 451 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tampin B , BriffaNK , GouckeR , SlaterH . Identification of neuropathic pain in patients with neck/upper limb pain: application of a grading system and screening tools . Pain154 ( 12 ), 2813 – 2822 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J , FengY , HanJet al. Linguistic adaptation, validation and comparison of 3 routinely used neuropathic pain questionnaires . Pain Phys.15 , 179 – 186 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hans G , MasquelierE , De CockP . The diagnosis and management of neuropathic pain in daily practice in Belgium: an observational study . BMC Public Health7 , 170 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez C , GalvezR , InsaustiJ , BennettM , RuizM , RejasJ . Linguistic adaptation and Spanish validation of the LANSS (Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs) scale for the diagnosis of neuropathic pain . Med. Clin.127 , 485 – 491 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallstrom H , NorrbrinkC . Screening tools for neuropathic pain: can they be of use in individuals with spinal cord injury?Pain152 , 772 – 779 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khedr EM , KotbH , KamelNF , AhmedMA , SadekR , RothwellJC . Longlasting antalgic effects of daily sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in central and peripheral neuropathic pain . J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry76 , 833 – 838 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Searle RD , BennettMI , TennantA . Can neuropathic screening tools be used as outcome measures?Pain Med.12 , 276 – 281 ( 2001 ).
   Google Scholar
• Alkan H , ArdicF , ErdoganC , SahinF , SarsanA , FindikogluG . Turkish version of the painDETECT questionnaire in the assessment of neuropathic pain: a validity and reliability study . Pain Med.14 ( 12 ), 1933 – 1943 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmerman H , WolffAP , SchreyerTet al. Cross-cultural adaptation to the Dutch language of the PainDETECT-Questionnaire . Pain Pract.13 , 206 – 214 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junker U , FreynhagenR , LanglerKet al. Paper versus electronic rating scales for pain assessment: a prospective, randomised, cross-over validation study with 200 chronic pain patients . Curr. Med. Res. Opin.24 , 1797 – 1806 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudbergsen H , BartelsEM , KrusagerPet al. Test-retest of computerized health status questionnaires frequently used in the monitoring of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized crossover trial . BMC Musculoskelet. Disord.12 , 190 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backonja MM , KrauseSJ . Neuropathic pain questionnaire – short form . Clin. J. Pain19 , 315 – 316 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portenoy R . Development and testing of a neuropathic pain screening questionnaire: ID Pain . Curr. Med. Res. Opin.22 , 1555 – 1565 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galvez R , PardoA , CeronJMet al. Linguistic adaptation into Spanish and psychometric validation of the ID-Pain questionnaire for the screening of neuropathic pain . Med. Clin.131 , 572 – 578 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merskey H , BogdukN . Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. (2nd Edition).IASP Press , WA, USA ( 1994 ).
   Google Scholar
• Jensen TS , BaronR , HaanpaaMet al. A new definition of neuropathic pain . Pain152 , 2204 – 2205 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruccu G , SommerC , AnandPet al. EFNS guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment: revised 2009 . Eur. J. Neurol.17 , 1010 – 1018 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haanpaa M , AttalN , BackonjaMet al. NeuPSIG guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment . Pain152 , 14 – 27 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geber C , BaumgartnerU , SchwabRet al. Revised definition of neuropathic pain and its grading system: an open case series illustrating its use in clinical practice . Am. J. Med.122 , S3 – S12 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaegter HB , AndersenPG , MadsenMF , HandbergG , EnggaardTP . Prevalence of neuropathic pain according to the IASP Grading system in patients with chronic non-malignant pain . Pain Med.15 ( 1 ), 120 – 127 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caraceni A , PortenoyRK . An international survey of cancer pain characteristics and syndromes. IASP Task Force on Cancer Pain. International Association for the Study of Pain . Pain.82 , 263 – 274 ( 1999 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piano V , VerhagenS , SchalkwijkAet al. Diagnosing neuropathic pain in patients with cancer: comparative analysis of recommendations in national guidelines from European countries . Pain Pract.13 ( 6 ), 433 – 439 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercadante S , GebbiaV , DavidFet al. Tools for identifying cancer pain of predominantly neuropathic origin and opioid responsiveness in cancer patients . J. Pain10 , 594 – 600 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouhassira D , AttalN , FermanianJ Eet al. Development and validation of the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory . Pain108 , 248 – 257 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjermstad MJ , LieHC , CaraceniAet al. Computer-based symptom assessment is feasible in patients with advanced cancer: results from an international multicenter study, the EPCRC-CSA . J. Pain Symptom Manage.44 , 639 – 654 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guastella V , MickG , SorianoCet al. A prospective study of neuropathic pain induced by thoracotomy: incidence, clinical description, and diagnosis . Pain152 , 74 – 81 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Searle RD , SimpsonMP , SimpsonKH , MiltonR , BennettMI . Can chronic neuropathic pain following thoracic surgery be predicted during the postoperative period?Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg.9 , 999 – 1002 ( 2009 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steegers MA , SnikDM , VerhagenAF , van der DriftMA , Wilder-SmithOH . Only half of the chronic pain after thoracic surgery shows a neuropathic component . J. Pain9 , 955 – 961 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kampe S , LutteckeD , WolterK , CheufouDH , StamatisG . Minimal incidence of chronic and neuropathic postthoracotomy pain after anteroaxillary thoracotomy with consequent systemic pain therapy . Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. ( 2013 ). doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e328365bb8d ( Epub ahead of print ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwilym SE , OagHC , TraceyI , CarrAJ . Evidence that central sensitisation is present in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome and influences the outcome after surgery . J. Bone Joint Surg. Br.93 , 498 – 502 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadler A , WilsonJ , ColvinL . Acute and chronic neuropathic pain in the hospital setting: use of screening tools . Clin. J. Pain29 , 507 – 511 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jespersen A , AmrisK , BliddalHet al. Is neuropathic pain underdiagnosed in musculoskeletal pain conditions? the Danish PainDETECTive study . Curr. Med. Res. Opin.26 , 2041 – 2045 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehm SE , KoroschetzJ , GockelU , BroszM , FreynhagenR , TolleTRet al. A cross-sectional survey of 3035 patients with fibromyalgia: subgroups of patients with typical comorbidities and sensory symptom profiles . Rheumatology49 , 1146 – 1152 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Lavin M , LopezS , MedinaM , NavaA . Use of the leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs questionnaire in patients with fibromyalgia . Semin. Arthritis Rheum.32 , 407 – 411 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtori S , OritaS , YamashitaMet al. Existence of a neuropathic pain component in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee . Yonsei Med. J.53 , 801 – 805 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soni A , BatraRN , GwilymSEet al. Neuropathic features of joint pain: a community-based study . Arthritis Rheum.65 , 1942 – 1949 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen LA , HenrikssonKG . Pathophysiological mechanisms in chronic musculoskeletal pain (fibromyalgia): the role of central and peripheral sensitization and pain disinhibition . Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol.21 , 465 – 480 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagar DR , AshrafS , XuLet al. Osteoprotegerin reduces the development of pain behaviour and joint pathology in a model of osteoarthritis . Ann. Rheum. Dis. ( 2013 ). doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203260 ( Epub ahead of print ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwilym SE , KeltnerJR , WarnabyCEet al. Psychophysical and functional imaging evidence supporting the presence of central sensitization in a cohort of osteoarthritis patients . Arthritis Rheum.61 , 1226 – 1234 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Q , InmanRD , DavisKD . Neuropathic pain in ankylosing spondylitis: a psychophysics and brain imaging study . Arthritis Rheum.65 , 1494 – 1503 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch ME , Cesar-RittenbergP , HohmannAG . A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial with extension using an oral mucosal cannabinoid extract for treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain . J. Pain Symptom Manage.47 ( 1 ), 166 – 173 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langford RM , MaresJ , NovotnaAet al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of THC/CBD oromucosal spray in combination with the existing treatment regimen, in the relief of central neuropathic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis . J. Neurol.260 , 984 – 997 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khaliq W , AlamS , PuriNK . WITHDRAWN: topical lidocaine for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia . Cochrane Database Syst Rev.10 , ( 2013 ). CD004846  
   Google Scholar
• Baron R , FreynhagenR , TolleTRet al. The efficacy and safety of pregabalin in the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy . Pain150 , 420 – 427 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegler D , HidvegiT , GurievaIet al. Efficacy and safety of lacosamide in painful diabetic neuropathy . Diabetes Care33 , 839 – 841 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett MI . Neuropathic Pain.2nd Edition . Oxford University Press , Oxford, UK ( 2012 ).
   Google Scholar
• Baron R , TolleTR , GockelU , BroszM , FreynhagenR . A cross-sectional cohort survey in 2100 patients with painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia: differences in demographic data and sensory symptoms . Pain146 , 34 – 40 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahn F , HullemannP , GockelUet al. Sensory symptom profiles and co-morbidities in painful radiculopathy . PLoS ONE6 , e18018 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron R , ForsterM , BinderA . Subgrouping of patients with neuropathic pain according to pain-related sensory abnormalities: a first step to a stratified treatment approach . Lancet Neurol.11 , 999 – 1005 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar