Placebo analgesia: understanding the mechanisms

References

• Colloca L , FlatenMA , MeissnerK . Placebo and Pain: From Bench to Bedside . Elsevier , Oxford, UK ( 2013 ).
   Google Scholar
• Colloca L , KlingerR , FlorH , BingelU . Placebo analgesia: psychological and neurobiological mechanisms . Pain154 ( 4 ), 511 – 514 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , MillerFG . Role of expectations in health . Curr. Opin. Psychiatry24 ( 2 ), 149 – 155 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , BenedettiF . How prior experience shapes placebo analgesia . Pain124 ( 1–2 ), 126 – 133 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , MillerFG . How placebo effects are formed: a learning perspective . Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.366 ( 1572 ), 1859 – 1869 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , SigaudoM , BenedettiF . The role of learning in nocebo and placebo effects . Pain136 ( 1–2 ), 211 – 218 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , TinazziM , RecchiaSet al. Learning potentiates neurophysiological and behavioral placebo analgesic responses . Pain139 ( 2 ), 306 – 314 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinger R , SoostS , FlorH , WormM . Classical conditioning and expectancy in placebo hypoalgesia: a randomized controlled study in patients with atopic dermatitis and persons with healthy skin . Pain128 ( 1–2 ), 31 – 39 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voudouris NJ , PeckCL , ColemanG . The role of conditioning and verbal expectancy in the placebo response . Pain43 ( 1 ), 121 – 128 ( 1990 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorio M , RecchiaS , CorraF , SimonettoS , Garcia-LarreaL , TinazziM . Enhancing non-noxious perception: behavioural and neurophysiological correlates of a placebo-like manipulation . Neuroscience217 , 96 – 104 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorio M , RecchiaS , CorraF , TinazziM . Behavioral and neurophysiological investigation of the influence of verbal suggestion on tactile perception . Neuroscience258 , 332 – 339 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , PetrovicP , WagerTD , IngvarM , BenedettiF . How the number of learning trials affects placebo and nocebo responses . Pain151 ( 2 ), 430 – 439 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Au Yeung ST , ColagiuriB , LovibondPF , CollocaL . Partial reinforcement, extinction, and placebo analgesia . Pain155 ( 6 ), 1110 – 1117 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen KB , KaptchukTJ , KirschIet al. Nonconscious activation of placebo and nocebo pain responses . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA109 ( 39 ), 15959 – 15964 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , MillerFG . Harnessing the placebo effect: the need for translational research . Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.366 ( 1572 ), 1922 – 1930 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amanzio M , BenedettiF . Neuropharmacological dissection of placebo analgesia: expectation-activated opioid systems versus conditioning-activated specific subsystems . J. Neurosci.19 ( 1 ), 484 – 494 ( 1999 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetti F , AmanzioM , RosatoR , BlanchardC . Nonopioid placebo analgesia is mediated by CB1 cannabinoid receptors . Nat. Med.17 ( 10 ), 1228 – 1230 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetti F , PolloA , CollocaL . Opioid-mediated placebo effects boost pain endurance and physical performance: is it doping in sport competitions?J. Neurosci.27 ( 44 ), 11934 – 11939 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo JY , WangJY , LuoF . Dissection of placebo analgesia in mice: the conditions for activation of opioid and non-opioid systems . J. Psychopharmacol.24 ( 10 ), 1561 – 1567 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , BenedettiF . Placebo analgesia induced by social observational learning . Pain144 ( 1–2 ), 28 – 34 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogtle E , BarkeA , Kroner-HerwigB . Nocebo hyperalgesia induced by social observational learning . Pain154 ( 8 ), 1427 – 1433 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingel U , WanigasekeraV , WiechKet al. The effect of treatment expectation on drug efficacy: imaging the analgesic benefit of the opioid remifentanil . Sci. Transl. Med.3 ( 70 ), 70ra14 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , LopianoL , LanotteM , BenedettiF . Overt versus covert treatment for pain, anxiety, and Parkinson’s disease . Lancet Neurol.3 ( 11 ), 679 – 684 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , GrillonC . Understanding placebo and nocebo responses for pain management . Curr. Pain Headache Rep.18 ( 6 ), 419 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swider K , BabelP . The effect of the sex of a model on nocebo hyperalgesia induced by social observational learning . Pain154 ( 8 ), 1312 – 1317 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geers AL , HelferSG , KosbabK , WeilandPE , LandrySJ . Reconsidering the role of personality in placebo effects: dispositional optimism, situational expectations, and the placebo response . J. Psychosom. Res.58 ( 2 ), 121 – 127 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geers AL , WellmanJA , FowlerSL , HelferSG , FranceCR . Dispositional optimism predicts placebo analgesia . J. Pain11 ( 11 ), 1165 – 1171 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton DL , WatsonA , El-DeredyW , JonesAK . Reproducibility of placebo analgesia: effect of dispositional optimism . Pain146 ( 1–2 ), 194 – 198 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Pascalis V , ChiaradiaC , CarotenutoE . The contribution of suggestibility and expectation to placebo analgesia phenomenon in an experimental setting . Pain96 ( 3 ), 393 – 402 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber A , LuiF , PorroCA . Hypnotic susceptibility modulates brain activity related to experimental placebo analgesia . Pain154 ( 9 ), 1509 – 1518 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pecina M , AzharH , LoveTMet al. Personality trait predictors of placebo analgesia and neurobiological correlates . Neuropsychopharmacology38 ( 4 ), 639 – 646 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , BenedettiF . Nocebo hyperalgesia: how anxiety is turned into pain . Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol.20 ( 5 ), 435 – 439 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca L , FinnissD . Nocebo effects, patient-clinician communication, and therapeutic outcomes . JAMA307 ( 6 ), 567 – 568 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweinhardt P , SeminowiczDA , JaegerE , DuncanGH , BushnellMC . The anatomy of the mesolimbic reward system: a link between personality and the placebo analgesic response . J. Neurosci.29 ( 15 ), 4882 – 4887 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong J , JensenK , LoiotileRet al. Functional connectivity of the frontoparietal network predicts cognitive modulation of pain . Pain154 ( 3 ), 459 – 467 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geuter S , BuchelC . Facilitation of pain in the human spinal cord by nocebo treatment . J. Neurosci.33 ( 34 ), 13784 – 13790 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields HL . Pain modulation: expectation, opioid analgesia and virtual pain . Prog. Brain Res.122 , 245 – 253 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields HL , LevineJD . Biology of placebo analgesia . Am. J. Med.70 ( 4 ), 745 – 746 ( 1981 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine JD , GordonNC , BornsteinJC , FieldsHL . Role of pain in placebo analgesia . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA76 ( 7 ), 3528 – 3531 ( 1979 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine JD , GordonNC , FieldsHL . The mechanism of placebo analgesia . Lancet2 ( 8091 ), 654 – 657 ( 1978 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingel U , LorenzJ , SchoellE , WeillerC , BuchelC . Mechanisms of placebo analgesia: rACC recruitment of a subcortical antinociceptive network . Pain120 ( 1–2 ), 8 – 15 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craggs JG , PriceDD , PerlsteinWM , VerneGN , RobinsonME . The dynamic mechanisms of placebo induced analgesia: evidence of sustained and transient regional involvement . Pain139 ( 3 ), 660 – 669 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eippert F , BingelU , SchoellEDet al. Activation of the opioidergic descending pain control system underlies placebo analgesia . Neuron63 ( 4 ), 533 – 543 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wager TD , RillingJK , SmithEEet al. Placebo-induced changes in FMRI in the anticipation and experience of pain . Science303 ( 5661 ), 1162 – 1167 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krummenacher P , CandiaV , FolkersG , SchedlowskiM , SchonbachlerG . Prefrontal cortex modulates placebo analgesia . Pain148 ( 3 ), 368 – 374 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lui F , CollocaL , DuzziD , AnchisiD , BenedettiF , PorroCA . Neural bases of conditioned placebo analgesia . Pain151 ( 3 ), 816 – 824 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eippert F , FinsterbuschJ , BingelU , BuchelC . Direct evidence for spinal cord involvement in placebo analgesia . Science326 ( 5951 ), 404 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetti F , AmanzioM , VighettiS , AsteggianoG . The biochemical and neuroendocrine bases of the hyperalgesic nocebo effect . J. Neurosci.26 ( 46 ), 12014 – 12022 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wager TD , ScottDJ , ZubietaJK . Placebo effects on human mu-opioid activity during pain . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104 ( 26 ), 11056 – 11061 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zubieta JK , BuellerJA , JacksonLRet al. Placebo effects mediated by endogenous opioid activity on mu-opioid receptors . J. Neurosci.25 ( 34 ), 7754 – 7762 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall KT , KaptchukTJ . Genetic biomarkers of placebo response: what could it mean for future trial design?Clin. Investig.3 ( 4 ), 311 – 314 ( 2013 ).
   Google Scholar
• Hall KT , LemboAJ , KirschIet al. Catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met polymorphism predicts placebo effect in irritable bowel syndrome . PLoS ONE7 ( 10 ), e48135 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pecina M , Martinez-JauandM , HodgkinsonC , StohlerCS , GoldmanD , ZubietaJK . FAAH selectively influences placebo effects . Mol. Psychiatry19 ( 3 ), 385 – 391 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pecina M , LoveT , StohlerCS , GoldmanD , ZubietaJK . Effects of the Mu opioid receptor polymorphism (OPRM1 A118G) on pain regulation, placebo effects and associated personality trait measures . Neuropsychopharmacology doi:10.1038/npp.2014.272 ( 2014 )( Epub ahead of print ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faria V , AppelL , AhsFet al. Amygdala subregions tied to SSRI and placebo response in patients with social anxiety disorder . Neuropsychopharmacology37 ( 10 ), 2222 – 2232 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furmark T , AppelL , HenningssonSet al. A link between serotonin-related gene polymorphisms, amygdala activity, and placebo-induced relief from social anxiety . J. Neurosci.28 ( 49 ), 13066 – 13074 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leuchter AF , MccrackenJT , HunterAM , CookIA , AlpertJE . Monoamine oxidase a and catechol-O-methyltransferase functional polymorphisms and the placebo response in major depressive disorder . J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.29 ( 4 ), 372 – 377 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar