AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM IN LOS ANGELES

References

• Acuña, R., 1984, A Community Under Seige: A Chronicle of Chicanos East of the Los Angeles River . Los Angeles, CA: Chicano Studies Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, K., 1987, The idea of Chinatown: The power of place and institutional practice in the making of a racial category. Annals of the Association of American Geographers , Vol. 77, 580-598.
   Google Scholar
• Anderton, D., Anderson, A., Oakes, J., and Fraser, M., 1994a, Environmental equity: The demographics of dumping. Demography , Vol. 31, 229-248.
   Google Scholar
• Anderton, D., Anderson, A., Rossi, P., Oakes, J., Fraser, M., Weber, E., and Calabrese, E., 1994b, Hazardous waste facilities: Environmental equity issues in metropolitan areas. Evaluation Review , Vol. 18, 123-140.
   Google Scholar
• Bartlett, D., 1913, Torrance: An industrial garden city. The American City , Vol. 9, 310-314.
   Google Scholar
• Been, V., 1994a, Locally undesirable land uses in minority neighborhoods: Dispropor tionate siting or market dynamics? Yale Law Journal , Vol. 103, 1383-1422.
   Google Scholar
• Been, V., 1994b, What's fairness got to do with it? Environmental justice and the siting of locally undesirable land uses. Cornell Law Review , Vol. 78, 1001-1085.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen, W., Sailing, M., Haynes, K., and Cyran, E., 1995, Toward environmental justice: Spatial equity in Ohio and Cleveland. Annals of the Association of American Geographers , Vol. 85, 641-663.
   Google Scholar
• Burke, L., 1993, Environmental Equity in Los Angeles . National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, Technical Report 93-6 (also M.A. thesis, Geography Department, University of California, Santa Barbara).
   Google Scholar
• Chinchilla, N. and Hamilton, N., 1992, Seeking refuge in the City of Angels: Central Americans in Los Angeles. In G. Riposa, editor, City of Angels . Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 83-100.
   Google Scholar
• Chinchilla, N. and Hamilton, N., and Loucky, J., 1993, Central Americans in Los Angeles: An immigrant community in transition. In R. Pinderhughes-Rivera and J. Moore, editors, Barrios in Transition . Beverly Hills: Sage, 51-78.
   Google Scholar
• City of Los Angeles, 1988, Boyle Heights Community Plan: Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Report . Planning Department.
   Google Scholar
• City of Los Angeles, 1993, Adelante Eastside: Summary of Recommendations, Opportunities, and Findings [report] . Community Redevelopment Agency.
   Google Scholar
• City of Torrance, 1922, Torrance Directory .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, P., 1992, "It's racism what dunnit": Hidden narratives in theories of racism. In J. Donald and A. Rattansi, editors, "Race," Culture and Difference . Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 62-103.
   Google Scholar
• Colten, C., 1988, Historical questions in hazardous waste management. The Public Historian , Vol. 10, 7-20.
   Google Scholar
• Cutter, S., 1995, Race, class and environmental justice. Progress in Human Geography , Vol. 19, 107-118.
   Google Scholar
• Cutter, S., and Solecki, W., 1996, Setting environmental justice in space and place: Acute and chronic airborne toxic releases in the southeastern United States. Urban Geography , this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, M., 1992a, The City of Quartz . London, England: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, M., 1992b, The empty quarter. In David Reid, editor, Sex, Death and God in LA . New York, NY: Pantheon, 54-71.
   Google Scholar
• Durazo, M. E., 1995, President of Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union, Local 11. Interview with L. Pulido, Los Angeles, CA, March.
   Google Scholar
• Fellows, T., 1912, Letter to Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Olmsted Associates-Series B, File 5354, January 3.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, K. and Graham, J., 1992, Rethinking class in industrial geography: Creating a space for an alternative politics of class. Economic Geography , Vol. 62, 109-127.
   Google Scholar
• Griswold del Castillo, R., 1979, The Los Angeles Barrio, 1850-1890 . Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gustafson, C., 1940, An Ecological Analysis of the Hollenbeck Area of Los Angeles. Unpublished maste's thesis, Department of Sociology, University of Southern California.r
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez, G., 1994, Mothers of East Los Angeles strike back. In R. Bullard, editor, Unequal Protection . San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books, 220-233.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, C., 1990, Apartheid in an American City . Reprinted from LA. Weekly , December 1989. Available from Labor/Community Strategy Center, Los Angeles, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, C., 1994, Concerned Citizens of South Central Los Angeles. In R. Bullard, editor, Unequal Protection . San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books, 207-219.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, B. and Bluestone, B., 1988, The Great U-Turn . New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Hurley, A., 1995, Environmental Inequalities . Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, P., 1987, The idea of “race” and the geography of racism. In P. Jackson, editor, Race and Racism . London, England: Allen& Unwin, 3-21.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, J., and Oliver, M., 1993, Retrospective analysis of the Los Angeles rebellion, 1992. In A. Scott, editor, Policy Options for Southern California . Los Angeles, CA: University of California, Los Angeles, Lewis Regional Studies Center.
   Google Scholar
• Kay, J., 1994, California's endangered communities of color. In R. Bullard, editor, Unequal Protection . San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books, 155-188.
   Google Scholar
• Kilty, J., 1963, Leonis of Vernon . New York, NY: Carleton.
   Google Scholar
• Kirschenman, J. and Neckerman, K., 1991, We'd love to hire them, but e…: The meaning of race for employers. In C. Jenks and P. Peterson, editors, The Urban Underclass . Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 203-232.
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi, A. and Peake, L., 1994, Unnatural discourse: “Race” and gender in geography. Gender, Place and Culture , Vol. 1, 225-244.
   Google Scholar
• Kochan, T. A., Wells, J. C., and Smith, M., 1992, Consequences of a failed IR system: Contract workers and the petrochemical industry. Sloan Management Review , Summer, 79-89.
   Google Scholar
• Krieg, E., 1995, A socio-historical interpretation of toxic waste sites: The case of Greater Boston. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology , Vol. 54, 1-14.
   Google Scholar
• L. A. Design Action Planning Team, 1990, Boyle Heights, Los Angeles (Planning Document, Box C1518), Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles City Archive, Department of City Planning.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, P., 1990, Are refineries unsafe? Los Angeles Times , April 15, D1, D19.
   Google Scholar
• Lents, J. and Kelly, W., 1993, Clearing the air in Los Angeles. Scientific American , October, 32-39.
   Google Scholar
• Lester, J., Allen, D., and Milburn-Lauer, D., 1994, Race, Class, and Environmental Quality: An Examination of Environmental Racism in the American States . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association, Albuquerque, March.
   Google Scholar
• Lovato, R., 1995, Executive Director, Central American Resource Center. Interview with L. Pulido, Los Angeles, CA, May.
   Google Scholar
• Macias, R., Flores, G. V., Figueroa, D., and Aragon, L., 1973, A Study of Unincorporated East Los Angeles (Monograph No. 3). Los Angeles, CA: University of California, Los Angeles, Chicano Studies Center, Aztlan Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Mann, E., 1991, L. A's Lethal Air. . Los Angeles, CA: Labor/Community Strategy Center.
   Google Scholar
• Massey, D., 1994, Space, Place, and Gender . Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Menchaca, M., 1993, Chicano Indianism: A historical account of racial repression in . the United States. American Ethnologist , Vol. 20, 583-603.
   Google Scholar
• Morales, R. and Ong, P., 1993, The illusion of progress: Latinos in Los Angeles. In R. Morales and F. Bonilla, editors, Latinos in a Changing U.S. Economy . Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 55-84.
   Google Scholar
• Oboler, S., 1995, Ethnic Labels, Latino Lives . Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Olmsted, F. L., Jr., 1912, Letter to Thomas Fellows. Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Olmsted Associates-Series B, File 5354, January 12.
   Google Scholar
• Olmsted, F. L., Jr., et al., 1933, Transportation Plan, County of Los Angeles. On file, University of Southern California Regional History Archives.
   Google Scholar
• Ong, P. and Azores, T., 1994, Asian immigrants in Los Angeles: Diversity and divisions. In P. Ong, E. Bonacich, and L. Cheng, editors, The New Asian Immigration in Los Angeles and Global Restructuring . Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 100-129.
   Google Scholar
• Ong, P. and Azores, T., and Blumenberg, E., 1992, Income and Racial Inequality in Los Angeles . Unpublished manuscript, Department of Urban Planning, University of California, Los Angeles.
   Google Scholar
• Pansing, C., Rederer, H., and Yale, D., 1989, A Community at Risk: The Environmental Quality of Life in East Los Angeles . Client Project for the Mothers of East Los Angeles. Department of Urban Planning, University of California, Los Angeles.
   Google Scholar
• Phelps, R., 1995, The search for a modern industrial city: Urban planning, the open shop, and the founding of Torrance, California. Pacific Historical Review , Vol. 64, 503-535.
   Google Scholar
• Rabin, J., 1988, Second Mobil letter apologizes again for refinery woes. Los Angeles Times , December 10, A8.
   Google Scholar
• Rae-Dupree, J. and Schoch, D., 1991, Torrance and the Mobil refinery. Los Angeles Times , September 12, B3.
   Google Scholar
• Robak, W., 1979, Tired evacuees not afraid to go home. South Bay Daily Breeze , December 5, A3.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, C., 1994, Challenging racial hegemony: Puerto Ricans in the United States. In S. Gregory and R. Sanjeck, editors, Race . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 131-145.
   Google Scholar
• Romo, R., 1983, History of a Barrio: East Los Angeles . Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, D., 1989, Environmental racism. The Amicus Journal , Spring, 22-32.
   Google Scholar
• Sacks, K., 1994, How did Jews become White folks? In S. Gregory and R. Sanjeck, editors, Race . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 78-102.
   Google Scholar
• Sahagun, L., 1989, Toxic neighbors. Los Angeles Times , August 28, B1.
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez, G., 1993, Becoming Mexican-American: Ethnicity, Culture and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945 . New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sayer, A. and Walker, R., 1992, The New Social Economy: Reworking the Division of Labor . Cambridge, England: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Schoch, D., 1995, Torrance asks for tougher Mobil refinery safety plan. Los Angeles Times , February 16, B3.
   Google Scholar
• Schwab, J., 1994, Deeper Shades of Green . San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.
   Google Scholar
• Shanahan, D. and Elliott, C., 1984, Historic Torrance: A Pictorial History of Torrance, California . Redondo Beach, CA: Legends.
   Google Scholar
• Shevky, E., and Williams, M., 1949, The Social Areas of Los Angeles: Analysis and Typology . Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sidawi, S., 1995, The Historical Roots of Environmental Inequalities in a Planned Industrial Suburb . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Chicago, IL, March.
   Google Scholar
• Silton, T., 1995, Organizer with Service Employees International Union, Local 660. Interview with L. Pulido, Los Angeles, CA, May.
   Google Scholar
• Soja, E., 1989, Postmodern Geographies . London, England: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Southern California Builders and Contractors , 1917, Vernon becomes unique clay products center (on file at Los Angeles City Library, Local Historical Archives). November 30, 33.
   Google Scholar
• Szasz, A., Meuser, M., Aronson, H., and Fukurai, H., 1993, The Demographics of Proximity to Toxic Releases: The Case of Los Angeles County . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Miami, FL.
   Google Scholar
• Torrance Herald , 1914, Torrance ideal site of industrial plants. January 1, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, E. and Allen, J., 1991, An Atlas of Population Patterns in Metropolitan Los Angeles and Orange Counties . Occasional Publications in Geography #8. North-ridge, CA: Department of Geography, California State University, Northridge.
   Google Scholar
• United Church of Christ, Commission for Racial Justice, 1987, Toxic Waste and Race in the United States . New York, NY: Author.
   Google Scholar
• United States Bureau of the Census, 1922, Census of Population: 1920, Volume III, Composition and Characteristics of the Population by States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• United States Bureau of the Census, 1952, Census of Population: 1950, Volume II, Characteristics of the Population, Part 5, California. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• United States Bureau of the Census, 1970, Census of Population and Housing: Census Tracts Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA, Standard Metropolitan Stat istical Area, Part 1. Washington DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• United States Bureau of the Census, 1980, Census of the Population and Housing: Summary Tape File 3. Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• United States Bureau of the Census, 1990, Census of Population and Housing: Summary Tape File 3. Wash ington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1994, 1987-1992 Toxics Release Inventory , EPA 749/C-94-001.
   Google Scholar
• Valle, V. and Torres, R., 1994, Latinos in a “post-industrial” disorder. Socialist Review , Vol. 23(4), 1-28.
   Google Scholar
• Vernon Chamber of Commerce, 1961, Vernon Industrial Directory .
   Google Scholar
• Waldinger, R., 1995, Black/Immigrant Competition Reassessed: New Evidence from Los Angeles . Unpublished manuscript, Sociology Department, University of California, Los Angeles.
   Google Scholar
• Whiting, P., 1930, Perry: Experiences of a Pioneer . Los Angeles, CA: Smith-Barnes.
   Google Scholar
• Willard, W., 1913, Moving the factory back to the land. Sunset , Vol. 30, 299-304.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, R., 1993, Social equity as environmental risk. Risk Analysis , Vol. 13, 649-666.
   Google Scholar