38
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Enigma of Survival: Problems Posed by Very Old Paleosurfaces

Pages 26-60 | Published online: 15 May 2013

References

  • Alexander, L. T. and Cady, J. G. (1962) Genesis and hardening of laterite in soils. United States Department of Agriculture (Soil Conservation Service) Technical Bulletin 1282 , 1-90.
  • Almeida, F. F. M. (1953) Botucatu, a Triassic desert of South America. XIX International Geological Congress (Algiers) 1952, Vol. VII, 9-24.
  • Barbier, R. (1957) Aménagements hydroélectriques dans le sud du Brésil [Preparations for the construction of hydroelectric stations in southern Brazil]. Comptes Rendus Sommaire et Bulletin Societé Géologique de France , Vol. 6 , 877-892.
  • Battiau-Queney, Y. (1997) Preservation of old palaeosurfaces in glaciated areas: Examples from the French western Alps. In M. Widdowson, ed., Palaeosurfaces: Recognition, Reconstruction and Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation. Geological Society of London Special Publication , Vol. 120 , 125-132.
  • Belton, D. X., Brown, R. W., Kohn, B. P., and Fink, D. (1996) The first quantitative erosion rate estimates from"…the oldest persisting…landforms in the world." 9th International Conference on Fission Track Dating and Thermochronology: Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts 58 , 19-21.
  • Benbow, M. C. (1990) Tertiary coastal dunes of the Eucla Basin, Australia. Geomorphology , Vol. 3 , 9-29.
  • Bierman, P. R. and Turner, J. (1995) 10 Be and 26 Al evidence for exceptionally low rates of Australian bedrock erosion and the likely existence of pre-Pleistocene landscapes. Quaternary Research , Vol. 44 , 378-382.
  • Bird, J. B. (1967) The Physiography of Arctic Canada. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins Press.
  • Bird, M. L. and Chivas, A. R. (1988) Oxygen isotope dating of the Australian regolith. Nature , Vol. 331 (6156), 513-516.
  • Bishop, P. and Goldrick, G. (2000) Geomorphological evolution of the East Australian continental margin. In M. A. Summerfield, ed., Geomorphology and Global Tectonic. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 226-254.
  • Bornhardt, W. (1900) Zur Oberflächengestaltung und Geologie Deutsch Ostafrika [Landscape Development and Geology of German East Africa]. Berlin, Germany: Reimer.
  • Bowen, N. L. (1928) The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Bowman, J. R. (1992) The 1988 Tennant Creek, Northern Territory, earthquakes: A synthesis. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , Vol. 39 , 651-669.
  • Boyé, M. (1950) Glaciaire et Periglaciaire de l'Ata Sund, Nord Oriental Groenland [Glacial and Periglacial Forms of the North-Eastern Ata Sound, Greenland]. Paris, France: Hermann.
  • Bretz, J. H. (1952) A solution cave in gypsum. The Journal of Geology , Vol. 60 , 279-283.
  • Briceño, H. O. and Schubert, C. (1990) Geomorphology of the Gran Sabana, Guyana Shield, southeastern Venezuela. Geomorphology , Vol. 3 , 125-141.
  • Brown, D. A., Campbell, K. W. S., and Crook, K. A. W. (1968) The Geological Evolution of Australia and New Zealand. London, UK: Pergamon.
  • Brown, E. H. (1980) Historical geomorphology—Principles and practice. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie SupplementBand , Vol. 36 , 9-15.
  • Brunsden, D. (1993) The persistance of landforms. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie SupplementBand , Vol. 93 , 13-28.
  • Büdel, J. (1977) Klima Geomorphologie [Climatic Geomorphology]. Berlin, Germany: Borntraeger.
  • Campbell, E. M. and Twidale, C. R. (1991) The evolution of bornhardts in silicic volcanic rocks in the Gawler Ranges, South Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , Vol. 38 , 79-93.
  • Clarke, J. D. A. (1994) Geomorphology of the Kambalda region, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , Vol. 41 (3), 229-239.
  • Corbel, J. (1959) Vitesse d'érosion [Rates of erosion]. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie , Vol. 3 , 1-28.
  • Coventry, R. J., Stephenson, P. J., and Webb, A. W. (1985) Chronology of landscape evolution and soil development in the upper Flinders River area, Queensland, based on isotopic dating of Cainozoic basalts. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , Vol. 32 , 433-447.
  • Craft, F. A. (1932) The physiography of the Shoalhaven valley. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales , Vol. 57 , 245-260.
  • Crickmay, C. H. (1932) The significance of the physiography of the Cypress Hills. Canadian Field Naturalist , Vol. 46 , 185-186.
  • Crickmay, C. H. (1974) The Work of the River. London, UK: Macmillan.
  • Crickmay, C. H. (1976) The hypothesis of unequal activity. In W. N. Melhorn and R. C. Flemal, eds., Theories of Landform Development. Binghamton, NY: SUNY, 103-109.
  • Curtis, G. H., Evernden, J. F., and Lipson, J. (1958) Age determination of some granitic rocks in California by the potassium-argon method. California Division of Mines Special Report 54 , 1-16.
  • Daily, B., Twidale, C. R., and Milnes, A. R. (1974) The age of the lateritized summit surface on Kangaroo Island and adjacent areas of South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia , Vol. 21 , 387-392.
  • Daily, B., Milnes, A. R., Twidale, C. R., and Bourne, J. A. (1979) Geology and Geomorphology. In M. J. Tyler, C. R. Twidale, and J. K. Ling, eds., Natural History of Kangaroo Island. Adelaide, Australia: Royal Society of South Australia, 1-38.
  • Davis, W. M. (1899) The geographical cycle. Geographical Journal , Vol. 14 , 481-504.
  • Davis, W. M. (1909) Geographical Essays. D. W. Johnson, ed. Boston, MA: Dover.
  • Demangeot, J. (1978) Les reliefs cuirassés de l'Inde du Sud [Duricrusted terrains in southern India]. Travaux et Documents de Géographie Tropicale , Vol. 33 , 97-111.
  • du Toit, A. L. (1937) Geology of South Africa. Edinburgh, UK: Oliver and Boyd.
  • Fair, T. J. D. (1947) Slope form and development in the interior of Natal, South Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa , Vol. 50 , 105-118.
  • Fair, T. J. D. (1948) Slope form and development in the coastal hinterland of Natal, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa , Vol. 51 , 33-47.
  • Falconer, J. D. (1911) The Geology and Geography of Northern Nigeria. London, UK: Macmillan.
  • Finkl, C. W. (1982) On the geomorphic stability of cratonic planation surfaces. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie , Vol. 26 , 137-150.
  • Fisher, O. (1866) On the disintegration of a chalk cliff. Geological Magazine , Vol. 3 , 354-356.
  • Frakes, L. A. (Coordinator, Australian Cretaceous Palaeoenvironments Group) (1987) Australian Cretaceous shorelines, stage by stage. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , Vol. 59 , 31-48.
  • Frakes, L. A. and Bolton, B. R. (1984) Origin of manganese giants: Sea-level change and anoxic-oxic history. Geology , Vol. 12 , 83-86.
  • Goldich, S. S. (1938) A study in rock-weathering. The Journal of Geology , Vol. 46 , 17-58.
  • Gordon, F. R. and Lewis, J. D. (1980) The Meckering and Calingiri earthquakes October 1968 and March 1970. Geological Survey of Western Australia Bulletin 126 , 1-229.
  • Grant, D. R. (1989) Quaternary geology of the Atlantic Appalachian region of Canada. In R. J. Fulton, ed., Geology of Canada. No. 1. Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland. Geological Survey of Canada (Volume K-1. The Geology of North America. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America). Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Government Publishing Centre, 393-440.
  • Griggs, D. T. (1936) The factor of fatigue in rock exfoliation. The Journal of Geology , Vol. 44 , 783-796.
  • Hack, J. T. (1960) Interpretation of erosional topography in humid temperate regions. American Journal of Science , Vol. 238A , 80-97.
  • Hall, A. M. and Sugden, D. E. (1987) Limited modification of mid-latitude landscapes by ice-sheets: The case of north-east Scotland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , Vol. 12 , 531-542.
  • Harris, W. K. and Twidale, C. R. (1991) Revised age for Ayers Rock and the Olgas. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia , Vol. 115 , 109.
  • Hills, E. S. (1934) Some fundamental concepts in Victorian physiography. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria , Vol. 47 , 158-174.
  • Hills, E. S. (1955) Die Landoberfläche Australiens [The Australian landscape]. Die Erde , Vol. 7 , 195-205.
  • Hills, E. S. (1961) Morphotectonics and the geomorphological sciences with special reference to Australia. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London , Vol. 117 , 77-89.
  • Hills, E. S. (1975) Physiography of Victoria. Melbourne, Australia: Whitcombe and Tombs.
  • Hocking, R. M., Moors, H. T., and Van de Graaff, W. J. E. (1987) Geology of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia Bulletin 133 , 1-289.
  • Holmes, A. (1918) The Pre-Cambrian and associated rocks of the district of Mozambique. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London , Vol. 74 , 31-97.
  • Horton, R. E. (1945) Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins. Geological Society of America Bulletin , Vol. 56 , 275-370.
  • Hossfeld, P. S. (1926) The Geology of Portions of the Counties of Light, Eyre, Sturt and Adelaide. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
  • Hutton, J. (1788) Theory of the Earth; or an investigation of the laws observable in the composition, dissolution and restoration of land upon the globe. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh , Vol. 1 , 209-304.
  • Idnurm, M. and Senior, B. R. (1978) Palaeomagnetic ages of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary weathered profiles in the Eromanga Basin. Queensland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology , Vol. 24 , 263-277.
  • Ikeda, H. (1996) A strong earthquake and the changes it caused in granitic landscape: The case of Mt. Rokko due to the Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995. Memoirs of Nara University , Vol. 24 , 105-116.
  • Jack, R. L. (1931) Report on the geology of the region to the north and north-west of Tarcoola. Geological Survey of South Australia Bulletin 15 , 1-31.
  • Jerram, D. A., Mountney, N. P., Howell, J. A., Long, D., and Stollhofen, H. (2000) Death of a sand sea: An active aeolian erg systematically buried by the Etendeka flood basalts of NW Namibia. Journal of the Geological Society of London , Vol. 157 , 513-516.
  • Jessen, O. (1936) Reisen und Forschungen in Angola [Travels and Investigations in Angola]. Berlin, Germany: Reimer.
  • Jones, O. T. (1931) Some episodes in the geological history of the Bristol Channel region. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 98th Meeting (Bristol, 1930). London, UK: British Association for the Advancement of Science, 57-82.
  • Judson, S. and Ritter, D. F. (1964) Rates of regional denudation in the United States. Journal of Geophysical Research , Vol. 69 , 3395-3401.
  • Jutson, J. T. (1914) An outline of the physiographical geology (physiography) of Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia Bulletin 61 , 1-240.
  • Keefer, D. K. (1984) Landslides caused by earthquakes. Geological Society of America Bulletin , Vol. 95 , 406-421.
  • Kessler, D. W., Insley, H., and Sligh, W. H. (1940) Physical, mineralogical, and durability studies on the building and monumental granites of the United States. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards , Vol. 25 , 161-206.
  • King, L. C. (1942) South African Scenery. Edinburgh, UK: Oliver and Boyd.
  • King, L. C. (1950) A study of the world's plainlands. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London , Vol. 106 , 101-131.
  • King, L. C. (1962) Morphology of the Earth. Edinburgh, UK: Oliver and Boyd.
  • Knopf, E. B. (1924) Correlation of residual erosion surfaces in the eastern Appalachian Highlands. Geological Society of America Bulletin , Vol. 35 , 633-668.
  • Kozlovsky, Y. A. (Ed.). (1987) The Superdeep Well of the Kola Peninsula. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
  • Lageat, Y. (1989) Le Relief du Bushveld. Une Géomorphologie des Roches Basiques et Ultrabasiques [Landforms of the Bushveld. A geomorphology of basic and ultrabasic terrains]. Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de L'Université Blaise-Pascal, Nouvelle Série, Fascicule 30 , 1-591.
  • Lahee, F. H. (1925) The rate of solution of gypsum. The Journal of Geology , Vol. 33 , 548-549.
  • Lidmar-Bergström, K. (1997) A long-term perspective on glacial erosion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , Vol. 23 , 297-306.
  • Linton, D. L. (1957) The everlasting hills. Advancement of Science , Vol. 14 , 58-67.
  • Lister, L. A. (1987) The erosion surfaces of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Geological Survey Bulletin 90 , 1-163.
  • Logan, J. R. (1851) Notices of the geology of the Straits of Singapore. Proceedings of the Geological Society of London , Vol. 7 , 310-344.
  • Lowry, D. C. (1970) Geology of the Western Australian part of the Eucla Basin. Geological Survey of Western Australia Bulletin 122 , 1-201.
  • Mabbutt, J. A. (1961) "Basal surface" or "weathering front." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association of London , Vol. 72 , 357-358.
  • Mabbutt, J. A. (1965) The weathered land surface in central Australia. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie , Vol. 9 , 82-114.
  • Mabbutt, J. A. (1966) Landforms of the Western Macdonnell Ranges. In G. H. Dury, ed., Essays in Geomorphology. London, UK: Heinemann, 83-119.
  • Maignien, R. (1966) Review of research on laterites. Natural Resources Research (UNESCO) , Vol. 4 , 1-148.
  • Mason, B. (1966) Principles of Geochemistry. Third edition. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • McCue, K. (1990) Australia's large earthquakes and Recent fault scarps. Journal of Structural Geology , Vol. 12 , 761-766.
  • McGregor, D. R., Pendery, E. C., and McGregor, D. L. (1963) Solution caves in gypsum, north central Texas. The Journal of Geology , Vol. 71 , 108-115.
  • Michel, P. (1978) Cuirasses bauxitiques et ferrugineuses d'Afrique occidentale. Aperçu chronologique [Bauxitic and ferruginous duricrusts in West Africa. Chronological outline]. Travaux et Documents de Géographie Tropicale , Vol. 33 , 11-32.
  • Miller, R. P. (1937) Drainage lines in bas-relief. The Journal of Geology , Vol. 45 , 432-438.
  • Milnes, A. R. and Hutton, J. T. (1983) Calcretes in Australia. In Soils. An Australian Viewpoint. Melbourne, Australia, and London, UK: CSIRO/Academic Press, 119-162.
  • Morton, D. M. (1971) Seismically triggered landslides in the area above the San Fernando Valley. In The San Fernando, California, Earthquake of February 9, 1971. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 733 , 99-104.
  • Needham, R. S. (1982) Alligator, Northern Territory 1:1,000,000 Geological Map Commentary. Canberra, Australia: Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics.
  • Nott, J. and Roberts, R. G. (1996) Time and process rates over the past 100 m.y.: A case for dramatically increased landscape denudation rates during the Late Quaternary in northern Australia. Geology , Vol. 24 , 883-887.
  • Partridge, T. C. and Maud, R. R. (1987) Geomorphic evolution of southern Africa since the Mesozoic. South African Journal of Geology , Vol. 90 , 179-208.
  • Poag, C. W. and Sevon, W. D. (1989) A record of Appalachian denudation in postrift Mesozoic and Cainozoic sedimentary deposits of the U.S. middle Atlantic continental margin. Geomorphology , Vol. 2 , 119-157.
  • Sivarajasingham, S., Alexander, L. T., Cady, J. G., and Cline, M. G. (1962) Laterite. Advances in Agronomy , Vol. 14 , 1-60.
  • Schmidt, P. W., Currey, D. T., and Ollier, C. D. (1976) Sub-basaltic weathering, damsites, palaeomagnetism and the age of lateritization. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia , Vol. 23 , 367-370.
  • Schumm, S. A. (1963) Disparity between present rates of erosion and orogeny. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 454 , 1-13.
  • Simonett, D. S. (1967) Landslide distribution and earthquakes in the Bavani and Torricelli mountains, New Guinea. In J. N. Jennings and J. A. Mabbutt, eds., Landform Studies from Australia and New Guinea. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University Press, 64-84.
  • Sprigg, R. C. (1963) Geology and petroleum prospects of the Simpson Desert. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia , Vol. 86 , 35-66.
  • Stephenson, P. J., Griffin, T. J., and Sutherland, F. L. (1980) Cainozoic volcanism in northeastern Australia. In R. A. Henderson and P. J. Stephenson, eds., The Geology and Geophysics of Northeastern Australia. Townsville, Australia: Geological Society of Australia, North Queensland Division, 349-374.
  • Stewart, A. J., Jones, B. G., and Stirzaker, J. F. (1978) Undoolya. Map Sheet 5750, 1:100,000 Geological Series. Canberra, Australia: Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics.
  • Sugden, D. E. (1978) Glacial erosion by the Laurentide ice sheet. Journal of Glaciology , Vol. 20 , 367-391.
  • Summerfield, M. A., Sugden, D. E., Denton, G. H., Marchan, D. R., Cockburn, H. A. P., and Stuart, F. M. (1999) Cosmogenic nuclide isotope data support previous evidence of extremely low rates of denudation in the Dry Valleys region, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. In B. J. Smith, W. B. Whalley, and P. A. Warke, eds., Uplift, Erosion and Stability: Perspectives on Long-term Landscape Development. London, UK: Geological Society of London, Special Publication, Vol. 162 , 255-267.
  • Taylor, G., Taylor, G. R., Bink, M., Fouloudis, C., Gordon, I., Hestrom, J., Minello, J., and Whippy, F. (1985) Pre-basaltic topography of the northern Monaro and its implications. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , Vol. 32 , 65-71.
  • Thomas, M. F. (1980) Timescales of landform development on tropical shields—A study from Sierra Leone. In R. A. Cullingford, D. A. Davidson, and J. Lewin, eds., Timescales in Geomorphology. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 333-354.
  • Thomas, M. F. (1989a) The role of etch processes in landform development. I. Etching concepts and their applications. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie , Vol. 33 , 129-142.
  • Thomas, M. F. (1989b) The role of etch processes in landform development. II. Etching and the formation of relief. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie , Vol. 33 , 257-274.
  • Thornbury, W. D. (1954) Principles of Geomorphology. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Tricart, J. and Cailleux, A. (1972) An Introduction to Climatic Geomorphology (transl. C. J. Kiewiet de Jonge). London, UK: Longman.
  • Trudinger, P. A. and Swaine, D. J. (Eds.) (1979) Biogeochemical Cycling of Mineral-Forming Elements. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1956) Chronology of denudation in northwest Queensland. Geological Society of America Bulletin , Vol. 67 , 867-882.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1962) Steepened margins of inselbergs from north-western Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie , Vol. 6 , 51-69.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1966) Late Cainozoic activity of the Selwyn Upwarp, northwest Queensland. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia , Vol. 13 , 491-494.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1976) On the survival of paleoforms. American Journal of Science , Vol. 276 , 77-95.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1978a) On the origin of Ayers Rock, central Australia. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie SupplementBand , Vol. 31 , 177-206.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1978b) On the origin of pediments in different structural settings. American Journal of Science , Vol. 278 , 1138-1176.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1982) Les inselbergs à gradins et leur signification: l'exemple de l'Australie [Stepped inselbergs and their significance: Examples from Australia]. Annales de Géographie , Vol. 91 , 657-678.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1984) The enigma of the Tindal Plain, Northern Territory. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia , Vol. 108 , 95-103.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1985) Old land surfaces and their implications for models of landscape evolution. Revue de Géomorphologie Dynamique , Vol. 34 , 131-147.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1987) Etch and intracutaneous landforms and their implications. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , Vol. 34 , 367-386.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1990) The origin and implications of some erosional landforms. The Journal of Geology , Vol. 98 , 343-364.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1991) A model of landscape evolution involving increased and increasing relief amplitude. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie , Vol. 35 , 85-109.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1994) Gondwanan (late Jurassic and Cretaceous) palaeosurfaces of the Australian craton. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , Vol. 112 , 157-186.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1997a) The great age of some Australian landforms: Examples of, and possible explanations for, landscape longevity. In M. Widdowson, ed., Palaeosurfaces: Recognition, Reconstruction and Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation. London, UK: Geological Society of London, Special Publication, Vol. 120, 13-23.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1997b) Persistent and ancient rivers—Some Australian examples. Physical Geography , Vol. 18 , 291-317.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1999a) Landforms ancient and recent: The paradox. Geografiska Annaler , Vol. 81A , 431-441.
  • Twidale, C. R. (1999b) Oldlands: Characteristics and implications based on the Australian experience. Physical Geography , Vol. 20 , 273-304.
  • Twidale, C. R. (2000) Early Mesozoic (?Triassic) landscapes in Australia: Evidence, argument, and implications. The Journal of Geology , Vol. 108 , 537-552.
  • Twidale, C. R. and Bourne, J. A. (1975a) Episodic exposure of inselbergs. Geological Society of America Bulletin , Vol. 86 , 1473-1481.
  • Twidale, C. R. and Bourne, J. A. (1975b) The subsurface initiation of some minor granite landforms. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia , Vol. 22 , 477-484.
  • Twidale, C. R. and Bourne, J. A. (1996) The development of the land surface. In M. Davies, C. R. Twidale, and M. J. Tyler, eds., Natural History of the Flinders Ranges. Adelaide, Australia: Royal Society of South Australia, 46-62.
  • Twidale, C. R. and Bourne, J. A. (1998a) Origin and age of bornhardts, southwest of Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , Vol. 45 , 903-914.
  • Twidale, C. R. and Bourne, J. A. (1998b) The use of duricrusts and topographic relationships in geomorphological correlation: Conclusions based in Australian experience. Catena , Vol. 33 , 105-122.
  • Twidale, C. R. and Bourne, J. A. (2000a) The role of protection in landform development, with special reference to granitic terrains. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie , Vol. 44 , 195-210.
  • Twidale, C. R. and Bourne, J. A. (2000b) Rock bursts and associated neotectonic forms at Minnipa Hill, northwestern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience , Vol. 6 , 129-140.
  • Twidale, C. R., Bourne, J. A., and Smith, D. M. (1974) Reinforcement and stabilisation mechanisms in landform development. Revue de Géomorphologie Dynamique , Vol. 23 , 115-125.
  • Twidale, C. R. and Campbell, E. M. (1992) Geomorphological development of the eastern margin of the Australian craton. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , Vol. 17 , 419-431.
  • Twidale, C. R., Horwitz, R. C., and Campbell, E. M. (1985) Hamersley landscapes of the northwest of Western Australia. Revue de Géologie Dynamique et de Géographie Physique , Vol. 26 , 173-186.
  • Twidale, C. R. and Lageat, Y. (1994) Climatic geomorphology: A critique. Progress in Physical Geography , Vol. 18 , 319-334.
  • Twidale, C. R., Prescott, J. R., Bourne, J. A., and Williams, F. M. (2001) Age of desert dunes near Birdsville, southwest Queensland. Quaternary Science Reviews , Vol. 20 (12), 81-91.
  • Urbani, F. (1986) Notas sobre el origen de las cavidades en rocas cuarcíAferas precámbricas del Grupo Roraima, Venezuela [Notes on the origin of pipes in Precambrian quartzite of the Roraima Group, Venezuela]. Interciencia , Vol. 11 , 298-300.
  • Vasconcelos, P. M. (1999) K-Asr and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology of weathering processes. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science , Vol. 27 , 183-229.
  • Walsh, P., Boulter, M., and Morawiecka, I. (1999) Chattian and Miocene elements in the modern landscape of western Britain and Ireland. In B. J. Smith, W. B. Whalley, and P. A. Warke, eds., Uplift, Erosion and Stability: Perspectives on Long-term Landscape Development. London, UK: Geological Society of London, Special Publication, Vol. 162, 45-63.
  • Watchman, A. L. and Twidale, C. R. (2002) Relative and "absolute" dating of land surfaces. Earth-Science Reviews , Vol. 58 , 1-49.
  • Wells, A. T., Forman, D. J., Ranford, L. C., and Cook, P. J. (1970) Geology of the Amadeus Basin, central Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Bulletin 100 , 1-222.
  • Widdowson, M. (1997) Tertiary palaeosurfaces of the SW Deccan, Western India: Implications for passive margin uplift. In M. Widdowson, ed., Palaeosurfaces: Recognition, Reconstruction and Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation. London, UK: Geological Society of London, Special Publication, Vol. 120, 221-248.
  • Willis, B. (1936) East African plateaus and rift valleys. Studies in Comparative Seismology. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute, Publication 470.
  • Willgoose, G., Bras, R. L., and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. (1994) Hydrogeomorphology modelling with a physically based river basin evolution model. In M. J. Kirkby, ed., Process Models and Theoretical Geomorphology. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 271-294.
  • Wilson, A. W. G. (1903) The Laurentian Peneplain. The Journal of Geology , Vol. 11 , 615-669.
  • Wood, A. (1942) The development of hillside slopes. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association of London , Vol. 53 , 28-138.
  • Woodburne, M. O. (1967) The Alcoota fauna, central Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Bulletin 87 , 1-185.
  • Wooldridge, S. W. (1951) The role and relations of geomorphology. In L. D. Stamp and S. W. Wooldridge, eds., London Essays in Geography. London, UK: University of London/Longmans Green, 19-31.
  • Wopfner, H. (1960) On some structural development in the central part of the Great Australian Artesian Basin. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia , Vol. 83 , 179-194.
  • Wopfner, H. (1964) Permian-Jurassic history of the western Great Artesian Basin. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia , Vol. 88 , 117-128.
  • Wopfner, H. (1969) Mesozoic Era. In L. W. Parkin, ed., Handbook of South Australian Geology. Adelaide, Australia: Geological Survey of South Australia, 133-171.
  • Wopfner, H. (1983) Kaolinisation and the formation of silicified wood on Late Jurassic Gondwana Surfaces. In R. C. L. Wilson, ed., Residual Deposits: Surface-Related Weathering Processes and Materials. London, UK: Geological Society of London, Special Publication, Vol. 11, p. 27-31.
  • Wopfner, H. and Twidale, C. R. (1967) Geomorphological history of the Lake Eyre basin. In J. N. Jennings and J. A. Mabbutt, eds., Landform Studies from Australia and New Guinea. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University Press, 117-143.
  • Wright, R. L. (1963) Deep weathering and erosion surfaces in the Daly River Basin, Northern Territory. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia , Vol. 10 , 151-164.
  • Young, R. W. (1983) The tempo of geomorphological change. Evidence from southeastern Australia. The Journal of Geology , Vol. 91 , 221-230.
  • Young, R. W. and McDougall, I. (1993) Long-term landscape evolution. Early Miocene and modern rivers in southern New South Wales. The Journal of Geology , Vol. 101 , 35-49.
  • Zonneveld, J. I. S. (1985) Geomorphological notes on the Continental Border in the Guyanas (N. South America). Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband , Vol. 54 , 71-83.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.