75
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Fire season and prairie forb richness in a 21-y experiment

Pages 317-328 | Received 01 Nov 2010, Accepted 13 Jul 2011, Published online: 03 Dec 2015

Literature cited

  • Ansley, R. J., W. E. Pinchak & D. L. Jones, 2008. Mesquite, tobosagrass, and common broomweed responses to fire season and intensity. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 61: 588–597.
  • Ashley, M. V., M. F. Willson, O. R. W. Pergams, D. J. O'Dowd, S. M. Gende & J. S. Brown, 2003. Evolutionarily enlightened management. Biological Conservation, 111: 115–123.
  • Axelrod, D. I., 1985. Rise of the grassland biome, central North America. Botanical Review, 51: 163–201.
  • Bakker, J. P. & F. Berendse, 1999. Constraints on the restoration of ecological diversity in grassland and heathland communities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14: 63–68.
  • Beisner, B. E., D. T. Haydon & K. Cuddington, 2003. Alternative stable states in ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 1: 376–382.
  • Belsky, A. J., 1992. Effects of grazing, competition, disturbance and fire on species composition and diversity in grassland communities. Journal of Vegetation Science, 3: 187–200.
  • Betz, R. F., R. J. Lootens & M. K. Becker, 1996. Two decades of prairie restoration at Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois. Pages 20–30 in Proceedings of the Fifteenth North American Prairie Conference. Natural Areas Association, Bend, Oregon.
  • Bever, J. D., 2003. Soil community feedback and the coexistence of competitors: Conceptual frameworks and empirical tests. New Phytologist, 157: 465–473.
  • Bond, W. J., F. I. Woodward & G. F. Midgley, 2005. The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire. New Phytologist, 165: 525–538.
  • Bricker, M., D. Pearson & J. Maron, 2010. Small-mammal seed predation limits the recruitment and abundance of two perennial grassland forbs. Ecology, 91: 85–92.
  • Carson, W. P. & R. B. Root, 2000. Herbivory and plant species coexistence: Community regulation by an outbreaking phytophagous insect. Ecological Monographs, 70: 73–99.
  • Cerling, T. E., J. H. Ehleringer & J. M. Harris, 1998. Carbon dioxide starvation, the development of C4 ecosystems, and mammalian evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 353: 159–171.
  • Clay, K. & J. Holah, 1999. Fungal endophyte symbiosis and plant diversity in successional fields. Science, 285: 1742–1744.
  • Copeland, T., W. J. Sluis & H. F. Howe, 2002. Response of subdominants to seasonal fire in an Illinois tallgrass prairie restoration. Restoration Ecology, 10: 315–323.
  • Cottam, G. & H. C. Wilson, 1966. Community dynamics on an artificial prairie. Ecology, 47: 88–96.
  • Crawley, M. J., A. E. Johnson, J. Silvertown, M. Dodd, C. de Mazancourt, M. S. Heard, D. F. Henman & G. R. Edwards, 2005. Determinants of species richness in the Park Grass Experiment. American Naturalist, 165: 179–192.
  • Ehrenreich, J. H. & J. M. Aikman, 1963. An ecological study on the effect of certain management practices on native prairie in Iowa. Ecological Monographs, 33: 113–130.
  • Emery, S. M. & K. L. Gross, 2005. Effects of timing of prescribed fire on the demography of an invasive plant, spotted knapweed Centaurea maculosa. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42: 60–69.
  • Engle, D. M. & T. G. Bidwell, 2001. The response of central North American prairies to seasonal fire. Journal of Range Management, 54: 2–10.
  • Freeman, C. C., 1998. The flora of Konza Prairie: A historical review and contemporary patterns. Pages 69–80 in A. K. Knapp, J. M. Briggs, D. C. Hartnett & S. L. Collins (eds). Grassland Dynamics: Long-term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Oxford University Press, New York, New York.
  • Galatowitsch, S. M. & A. G. van der Valk, 1996. The vegetation of restored and natural prairie wetlands. Ecological Applications, 6: 102–112.
  • Gotelli, N. J. & A. M. Ellison, 2004. A Primer of Ecological Statistics. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
  • Higgins, K. F., 1984. Lightning fires in North Dakota grasslands and in pine-savanna lands in South Dakota and Montana. Journal of Range Management, 37: 100–103.
  • Howe, H. F., 1994a. Managing species diversity in tallgrass prairie: Assumptions and implications. Conservation Biology, 8: 691–704.
  • Howe, H. F., 1994b. Response of early- and late-flowering plants to fire season in experimental prairies. Ecological Applications, 4: 121–133.
  • Howe, H. F., 1995. Succession and fire season in experimental prairie plantings. Ecology, 76: 1917–1925.
  • Howe, H. F., 1999. Dominance, diversity and grazing in tallgrass restoration. Ecological Restoration, 17: 59–66.
  • Howe, H. F., 2008. Reversal of fortune: Plant suppression and recovery after vole herbivory. Oecologia, 157: 279–286.
  • Howe, H. F. & J. S. Brown, 1999. Effects of birds and rodents on synthetic tallgrass communities. Ecology, 80: 1776–1781.
  • Howe, H. F. & J. S. Brown, 2001. Ghost of granivory past. Ecology Letters, 4: 371–378.
  • Howe, H. F., B. Zorn-Arnold, A. Sullivan & J. S. Brown, 2006. Massive and distinctive effects of meadow voles on grassland vegetation. Ecology, 87: 3007–3013.
  • Howe, H. F., Y. Urincho-Pantaleon, M. De La Peña-Domene & C. Martínez-Garza, 2010. Early seed fall and seedling emergence: Precursors to tropical restoration. Oecologia, 164, 731–740.
  • Hubbell, S. P., 2001. The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
  • Hulbert, L. C., 1973. Management of Konza prairie to approximate pre-white-man influences. Pages 14–17 in G. K. Clambey & R. K. Pemble (eds). The Prairie: Past, Present and Future. Proceedings of the 9th North American Prairie Conference. Tri-College University Center for Environmental Studies, Fargo, North Dakota.
  • Hulbert, L. C., 1988. The causes of fire effects in tallgrass prairie. Ecology, 69: 46–58.
  • Huston, M. A., 1994. Biological Diversity: The Coexistence of Species on Changing Landscapes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Jacobs, B. E., J. H. Kingston & L. L. Jacobs, 1999. The origin of grass-dominated ecosystems. Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden, 86: 590–643.
  • Johnson, E. A., 1992. Fire and Vegetation Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Jordan, W. R., III, M. E. Gilpin & J. D. Aber, 1987. Restoration ecology: Ecological restoration as a technique for basic research. Pages 3–22 in W. R. Jordan III, M. E. Gilpin & J. D. Aber (eds). Restoration Ecology: A Synthetic Approach to Ecological Research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Knapp, A. K., J. M. Blair, J. M. Briggs, S. L. Collins, D. C. Hartnet, L. C. Johnson & E. G. Towne, 1999. The keystone role of bison in North American tallgrass prairie. BioScience, 49: 39–50.
  • Komarek, E. V., 1966. The meteorological basis for fire ecology. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, 5: 85–125.
  • Komarek, E. V., 1968. Lightning and lightning fires as ecological forces. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, 8: 169–197.
  • Leach, M. K. & T. J. Givnish, 1996. Ecological determinants of species loss in remnant prairies. Science, 273: 1555–1558.
  • Levin, S. A., 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology, 73: 1943–1967.
  • Maina, G. & H. F. Howe, 2000. Inherent rarity in community restoration. Conservation Biology, 14: 1335–1340.
  • Martin, L. M., K. A. Moloney & B. J. Wilsey, 2005. An assessment of grassland restoration success using species diversity components. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42: 327–336.
  • Martínez-Garza, C. & H. F. Howe, 2003. Restoring tropical diversity: Beating the time tax on species loss. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40: 423–429.
  • Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1986. Guide to the Vascular Flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Illinois.
  • Noss, R. F., E. T. LaRoe III & J. M. Scott, 1995. Endangered Ecosystems of the United States: A Preliminary Assessment of Loss and Degradation. National Biological Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
  • Pauly, W. R., 1997. Conducting burns. Pages 223–243 in S. Packard & C. F. Mutel, (eds). The Tallgrass Restoration Handbook. Island Press, Washington, DC.
  • Petersen, S. M. & P. B. Drewa, 2006. Did lightning-initiated growing season fires characterize oak-dominated ecosystems of southern Ohio? Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 133: 217–224.
  • Platt, W. J., G. W. Evans & M. M. Davis, 1988. Effects of fire season on flowering of forbs and shrubs in longleaf pine forests. Oecologia, 76: 353–363.
  • Preston, F., 1948. The commonness and rarity of species. Ecology, 29: 254–283.
  • Proulx, M. & A. Mazumder, 1998. Reversal of grazing impact on plant species richness in nutrient-poor vs. nutrient-rich ecosystems. Ecology, 79: 2581–2592.
  • Rudgers, J. A., J. Hola, S. P. Orr & K. Clay, 2007. Forest succession suppressed by an introduced plant-fungal symbiosis. Ecology, 88: 18–25.
  • Scheiner, S. M., S. B. Cox, M. Willig, G. G. Mittelbach, C. Osenberg & M. Kaspari, 2000. Species richness, speciesarea curves and Simpson's paradox. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2: 791–802.
  • Silvertown, J., P. Poulton, E. Johnston, G. Edwards, M. Heard & P. M. Bliss, 2006. The Park Grass Experiment 1856–2006: Its contribution to ecology. Journal of Ecology, 94: 801–814.
  • Sluis, W. J., 2002. Patterns of species richness and composition in re-created grassland. Restoration Ecology, 10: 677–684.
  • Steuter, A. A., C. E. Grygiel & M. E. Biondini, 1990. A synthesis approach to research and management planning: The conceptual development and implementation. Natural Areas Journal, 10: 61–68.
  • Suding, K. N., K. L. Gross & G. R. Houseman, 2004. Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19: 46–53.
  • Tilman, D., 1997. Mechanisms of plant competition. Pages 239–261 in M. J. Crawley (ed.). Plant Ecology. 2nd Edition. Blackwell Scientific, London.
  • Towne, E. G. & K. E. Kemp, 2008. Long-term response of tallgrass prairie to frequent summer burning. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 61: 509–520.
  • Vogl, R. J., 1974. Effects of fire on grasslands. Pages 139–192 in T. T. Koslowski & C. E. Ahlgren (eds). Fire and Ecosystems. Academic Press, New York, New York.
  • Von Ende, C. N., 2001. Repeated-measures analysis. Pages 134–157 in S. M. Scheiner & J. Gurevitch (eds). Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments. 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, New York, New York.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.