68
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Within-crown distribution patterns of white spruce in pure composition and in mixture with trembling aspen

, , &
Pages 187-201 | Received 01 Oct 2013, Accepted 14 Oct 2014, Published online: 03 Dec 2015

Literature cited

  • Bartelink, H. H., 1996. Allometric relationships on biomass and needle area of Douglas-fir. Forest Ecology and Management, 86: 193–203.
  • Bartelink, H. H., 1998. A model of dry matter partitioning in trees. Tree Physiology, 18: 91–101.
  • Beaudet, M., B. D. Harvey, C. Messier, K. D. Coates, J. Poulin, D. D. Kneeshaw, S. Brais & Y. Bergeron, 2011. Managing understory light conditions in boreal mixedwoods through variation in the intensity and spatial pattern of harvest: A modelling approach. Forest Ecology and Management, 261: 84–94.
  • Bell, F. W., R. A. Lautenschlager, R. G. Wagner, D. G. Pitt, J. W. Hawkins & K. R. Ride, 1997a. Motor-manual, mechanical, and herbicide release affect early successional vegetation in northwestern Ontario. Forestry Chronicle, 73: 61–68.
  • Bell, F. W., K. R. Ride, M. L. St-Amour & M. Ryans, 1997b. Productivity, cost, efficacy and cost effectiveness of motormanual, mechanical, and herbicide release of boreal spruce plantations. Forestry Chronicle, 73: 39–46.
  • Canham, C. D., A. C. Finzi, S. W. Pacala & D. H. Burbank, 1994. Causes and consequences of resource heterogeneity in forests: Interspecific variation in light transmission by canopy trees. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24: 337–349.
  • Canham, C. D., K. D. Coates, P. Bartemucci & S. Quaglia, 1999. Measurement and modeling of spatially explicit variation in light transmission through interior cedar-hemlock forests of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29: 1775–1783.
  • Catchpole, W. R. & C. J. Wheeler, 1992. Estimating plant biomass: A review of techniques. Australian Journal of Ecology, 17: 121–131.
  • Chen, H. Y. H., K. Klinka & G. J. Kayahara, 1996. Effects of light on growth, crown architecture, and specific leaf area for naturally established Pinus contorta var. latifolia and Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca saplings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26: 1149–1157.
  • Chen, H. Y. H. & R. V. Popadiouk, 2002. Dynamics of North American boreal mixedwoods. Environmental Review, 10: 137–166.
  • Clatterbuck, W. K. & J. D. Hodges, 1988. Development of cherry-bark oak and sweet gum in mixed, even-aged bottomland stands in central Mississippi, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 18: 12–18.
  • Comeau, P. G., R. Kabzems, J. McClarnon & J. L. Heineman, 2005. Implications of selected approaches for regenerating and managing western boreal mixedwood. Forestry Chronicle, 81: 559.
  • Comeau, P. G., C. N. Filipescu, R. Kabzems & C. DeLong, 2009. Growth of white spruce underplanted beneath spaced and unspaced aspen stands in northeastern B.C.—10 year results. Forest Ecology and Management, 257: 1087–1094.
  • Constabel, A. J. & V. J. Lieffers, 1996. Seasonal patterns of light transmission through boreal mixedwood canopies. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26: 1008–1014.
  • Deleuze, C., J.-C. Herve, F. Colin & L. Ribeyrolles, 1996. Modelling crown shape of Picea abies: Spacing effects. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26: 1957–1966.
  • Farrar, J. L., 1995. Trees in Canada. Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd. and Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, Ontario.
  • Filipescu, C. N. & P. G. Comeau, 2007a. Aspen competition affects light and white spruce growth across several boreal sites in western Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 37: 1701–1713.
  • Filipescu, C. N. & P. G. Comeau, 2007b. Competitive interactions between aspen and white spruce vary with stand age in boreal mixedwoods. Forest Ecology and Management, 247: 175–184.
  • Frivold, L. H. & J. Frank, 2002. Growth of mixed birch-coniferous stands in relation to pure coniferous stands at similar sites in south-eastern Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 17: 139–149.
  • Garber, S. M. & D. A. Maguire, 2004. Stand productivity and development in two mixed-species spacing trials in the central Oregon Cascades. Forest Science, 50: 92–105.
  • Gärtner, S. M., V. J. Lieffers & S. E. Macdonald, 2011. Ecology and management of natural regeneration of white spruce in the boreal forest. Environmental Reviews, 19: 461–478.
  • Gendron, F., C. Messier & P. G. Comeau, 1998. Comparison of various methods for estimating the mean growing season percent photosynthetic photon flux density in forests. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 92: 55–70.
  • Gilmore, D. W. & R. S. Seymour, 1997. Crown architecture of Abies balsamea from four canopy positions. Tree Physiology, 17: 71–80.
  • Greene, D. F., J. C. Zasada, L. Sirois, D. Kneeshaw, H. Morin, I. Charron & M. J. Simard, 1999. A review of the regeneration dynamics of North American boreal forest tree species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29: 824–839.
  • Groot, A. & D. W. Carlson, 1996. Influence of shelter on night temperatures, frost damage, and bud break of white spruce seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26: 1531–1538.
  • Groot, A., S. Adhikary, M. Sharma, N. Luckai, F. W. Bell & G. R. Larocque, 2014. Effect of species composition on the production rate and efficiency of young Picea glauca-Populus tremuloides forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 315: 1–11.
  • Honer, T. G., 1971. Crown shape in open- and forest-grown balsam fir and black spruce. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1: 203–207.
  • Horn, H. S., 1971. The Adaptive Geometry of Trees. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
  • Jactel, H., E. Brockerhoff & P. Duelli, 2005. A test of the biodiversity-stability theory: Meta-analysis of tree species diversity effects on insect pest infestations, and re-examination of responsible factors. Ecological Studies, 176: 235–262.
  • Kabzems, R. & O. García, 2004. Structure and dynamics of trembling aspen-white spruce mixed stands near Fort Nelson, BC. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 34: 384–395.
  • Kantola, A. & A. Mäkelä, 2004. Crown development in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Trees, 18: 408–421.
  • Kelty, M. J., 1992. Comparative productivity of monocultures and mixed-species stands. Pages 125–141 in M. J. Kelty, B. C. Larson & C. D. Oliver (eds). The Ecology and Silviculture of Mixed-Species Forests. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
  • Kelty, M. J., 2006. The role of species mixtures in plantation forestry. Forest Ecology and Management, 233: 195–204.
  • Kershaw, J. A., Jr & D. A. Maguire, 1995. Crown structure in western hemlock, Douglas-fir, and grand fir in western Washington: Trends in branch-level mass and leaf area. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 25: 1897–1912.
  • Klinka, K., Q. Wang & G. J. Kayahara, 1992. Light-growth response relationships in Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa). Canadian Journal of Botany, 70: 1919–1930.
  • Kuuluvainen, T., 1988. Crown architecture and stemwood production in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Tree Physiology, 4: 337–346.
  • Larocque, G. R., 2002. Coupling a detailed photosynthetic model with foliage distribution and light attenuation functions to compute daily gross photosynthesis in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands. Ecological Modelling, 148: 213–232.
  • Lawrence, D. J., 2011. Characterization of rooting patterns in mixedwood forests of white spruce and trembling aspen: Is competition reduced belowground? MSc thesis. Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario.
  • Lieffers, V. J. & K. J. Stadt, 1994. Growth of understory Picea glauca, Calamagrostis canadensis, and Epilobium angustifolium in relation to overstory light transmission. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24: 1193–1198.
  • Lieffers, V. J., C. Messier, K. J. Stadt, F. Gendron & P. G. Comeau, 1999. Predicting and managing light in the understory of boreal forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29: 796–811.
  • Lintunen, A. & P. Kaitaniemi, 2010. Responses of crown architecture in Betula pendula to competition are dependent on the species of neighbouring trees. Trees, 24: 411–424.
  • Long, J. N. & F. W. Smith, 1989. Estimating leaf area of Abies lasiocarpa across ranges of stand density and site quality. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 19: 930–932.
  • MacPherson, D. M., V. J. Lieffers & P. V. Blenis, 2001. Productivity of aspen stands with and without a spruce understory in Alberta's boreal mixedwood forests. Forestry Chronicle, 77: 351–356.
  • Maguire, D. A. & W. S. Bennett, 1996. Patterns in vertical distribution of foliage in young coastal Douglas-fir. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26: 1991–2005.
  • Man, R. & V. J. Lieffers, 1999. Are mixtures of aspen and white spruce more productive than single species stands? Forestry Chronicle, 75: 505–513.
  • Mencuccini, M. & J. Grace, 1995. Climate influences the leaf area/sapwood area ratio in Scots pine. Tree Physiology, 15: 1–10.
  • Messier, C., S. Parent & Y. Bergeron, 1998. Effects of overstory and understory vegetation on the understory light environment in mixed boreal forests. Journal of Vegetation Science, 9: 511–520.
  • Monserud, R. A. & J. D. Marshall, 1999. Allometric crown relations in three northern Idaho conifer species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29: 521–535.
  • Nienstadt, H. & J. C. Zasada, 1990. Picea glauca. Pages 204–226 in R. M. Burns & B. H. Honkala (eds). Silvics of North America. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC.
  • Niinemets, Ü., O. Kull & J. D. Tenhunen, 1998. An analysis of light effects on foliar morphology, physiology, and light interception in temperate deciduous woody species of contrasting shade tolerance. Tree Physiology, 18: 681–696.
  • O'Connell, B. M. & M. J. Kelty, 1994. Crown architecture of understory and open-grown white pine (Pinus strobus L.) saplings. Tree Physiology, 14: 89–102.
  • O'Hara, K. L., 1988. Stand structure and growing space efficiency following thinning in an even-aged Douglas-fir stand. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 18: 859–866.
  • O'Hara, K. L., E. Lahde, O. Laiho, Y. Norokorpi & T. Saksa, 1999. Leaf area and tree increment dynamics on a fertile mixed-conifer site in southern Finland. Annals of Forest Science, 56: 237–247.
  • Oliver, C. D. & B. C. Larson, 1990. Forest Stand Dynamics. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
  • OMNR, 2004. Ontario tree marking guide, version 1.1. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto, Ontario.
  • Pitt, D. G. & F. W. Bell, 2005. Juvenile response to conifer release alternatives on aspen-white spruce boreal mixedwood sites. Part I—Stand structure and composition. Forestry Chronicle, 81: 538–547.
  • Power, K. & M. D. Gillis, 2006. Canada's forest inventory 2001. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia.
  • Pretzsch, H. & G. Schütze, 2005. Crown allometry and growing space efficiency of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in pure and mixed stands. Plant Biology, 7: 628–639.
  • R Development Core Team, 2011. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
  • Reid, D. B., V. Lieffers & U. Silins, 2004. Growth and crown efficiency of height repressed lodgepole pine: Are suppressed trees more efficient? Trees, 18: 390–398.
  • Río, M. & H. Sterba, 2009. Comparing volume growth in pure and mixed stands of Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica. Annals of Forest Science, 66: 502.
  • Rowe, J. S., 1972. Forest Regions of Canada. Information Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
  • Schütz, J.-P., M. Götz, W. Schmid & D. Mandallaz, 2006. Vulnerability of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest stands to storms and consequences for silviculture. European Journal of Forest Research, 125: 291–302.
  • Sellin, A. & P. Kupper, 2006. Spatial variation in sapwood area to leaf area ratio and specific leaf area within a crown of silver birch. Trees, 20: 311–319.
  • Simard, S. & A. Vyse, 2006. Trade-offs between competition and facilitation: A case study of vegetation management in the interior cedar-hemlock forests of southern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 36: 2486–2496.
  • Simpson, J. A., A. M. Gordon, P. E. Reynolds, R. A. Lautenschlager, F. W. Bell, D. Gresch & D. Buckley, 1997. Influence of alternative conifer release treatments on soil nutrient movement. Forestry Chronicle, 73: 69–73.
  • Stadt, K. J. & V. J. Lieffers, 2000. MIXLIGHT: A flexible light transmission model for mixed-species forest stands. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 102: 235–252.
  • Su, Q., D. A. MacLean & T. D. Needham, 1996. The influence of hardwood content on balsam fir defoliation by spruce bud-worm. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26: 1620–1628.
  • Taylor, S. P., R. I. Alfaro, C. DeLong & L. Rankin, 1996. The effects of overstory shading on white pine weevil damage to white spruce and its effects on spruce growth rates. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26: 306–312.
  • Valentine, H. T., V. C. Baldwin Jr., T. G. Gregoire & H. E. Burkhart, 1994. Surrogates for foliar dry matter in loblolly pine. Forest Science, 40: 576–585.
  • Wagner, R. G., L. J. Buse, R. A. Lautenschlager, F. W. Bell, C. Hollstedt, S. Strobl, A. Morneault, W. Lewis & M. T. Ter-Mikaelian, 1995. Vegetation management alternatives program: 1994–95 Annual Report. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Forestry Research Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
  • Waring, R., W. Thies & D. Muscato, 1980. Stem growth per unit of leaf area: A measure of tree vigor. Forest Science, 26: 112–117.
  • Weiskittel, A. R., H. Temesgen, D. S. Wilson & D. A. Maguire, 2008. Sources of within- and between-stand variability in specific leaf area of three ecologically distinct conifer species. Annals of Forest Science, 65: 103.
  • Whitehead, D., P. G. Jarvis & R. H. Waring, 1984. Stomatal conductance, transpiration, and resistance to water uptake in a Pinus sylvestris spacing experiment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 14: 692–700.
  • Will, R. E., G. A. Barron, E. C. Burkes, B. Shiver & R. O. Teskey, 2001. Relationship between intercepted radiation, net photosynthesis respiration, and rate of stem volume growth of Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii stands of different densities. Forest Ecology and Management, 154: 155–163.
  • Xu, M. & T. B. Harrington, 1998. Foliage biomass distribution of loblolly pine as affected by tree dominance, crown size, and stand characteristics. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 28: 887–892.
  • Zar, J. H., 1996. Biostatistical Analysis. 3rd Edition. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.