Crop–livestock interactions: implications for policy-makers and for farmers

References

• Ainslie , A. 1999 . When “community” is not enough: managing common property natural resources in rural South Africa . Development Southern Africa , 16 : 375 – 401 .
   Google Scholar
• Ajeigbe , HA , Singh , BB , Adeosun , JO and Ezeaku , IE. 2010 . Participatory on-farm evaluation of improved legume-cereals cropping systems for crop-livestock farmers: maize-double cowpea in Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria . African Journal of Agricultural Research , 5 : 2080 – 2088 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aliber M , Hall R. 2010 . Development of evidence-based policy around small-scale farming . Research Report. Programme to Support Pro-Poor Policy Development .
   Google Scholar
• Aliber , M and Hart , TGB. 2009 . Should subsistence agriculture be supported as a strategy to address rural food insecurity? . Agrekon , 48 : 434 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrew M , Ainslie A , Shackleton C. 2003 . Land use and livelihoods . Evaluating Land and Agrarian Reform in South Africa Occasional Paper Series no. 8 . Cape Town : Programme for Land and Agrarian Studies, University of the Western Cape .
   Google Scholar
• Bayer W , Alcock R , Dladla F , Gilles P , Masondo M , Mkhize P , Mtshali E , Ntombela L. 2003 . A study of indigenous livestock management in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa . Unpublished report. Available at http://www.mdukatshani.com/resources/Report%20on%20livestock%20in%20msinga%20and%20marianhill%20july%202003.pdf [accessed 10 January 2013] .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , J and Barrett , H. 2007 . Rangeland as a common property resource: contrasting Insights from communal areas of central Eastern Cape province, South Africa . Human Ecology , 35 : 97 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coker RD , Morton JF , Ncube S , Nyoni N , Nagler J , Wood CD. 2003 . Risks of mycotoxin contamination in maize residues stored as cattle feed in Zimbabwe . Internet Paper on Food Safety and Quality Management posted to the FoodAfrica Internet Forum , 31 March-11 April . Available at http://foodafrica.nri.org/safety/safetypapers/MortonCoker2.doc [accessed 19 March 2013] .
   Google Scholar
• Cousins B. 2011 . Imithetho yomhlaba yaseMsinga: the living law of land in Msinga, KwaZulu-Natal . Research Report 43 . Cape Town : Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, University of Western Cape .
   Google Scholar
• de Kalbermatten G. 2007 . Desertification and natural resources, environment, and food security . Millennium Ecosystem Assessment I. Agriculture and Rural Development 1/2007. Available at http://www.rural21.com/uploads/media/ELR_Millennium_Ecosystem_Assessment_I_0107.pdf [accessed 11 October 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Agriculture . Undated. Policy on agriculture in sustainable development: a discussion document, 8th Draft. Available at http://www.daff.gov.za/docs/Policy/SustainableDev.pdf [accessed 10 October 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Agriculture . 2008 . National Agricultural Research and Development Strategy . Available at http://www.nda.agric.za/docs/Policy/Research_and_Development_Strategy.pdf [accessed 10 October 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) . 2012 . Strategic Plan 2012/13–2016/17 for the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries . Pretoria : DAFF .
   Google Scholar
• Devendra C. 1997 . Crop residues for feeding animals in Asia: technology development and adoption in crop/livestock systems . In: Renard C (ed.), Crop residues in sustainable mixed crop/livestock farming systems . Wallingford : CAB International . pp 241 – 267 . Available at http://www.ilri.cgiar.org/InfoServ/Webpub/fulldocs/CropResidues/chap%2012%20.htm [accessed 10 October 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• Drimie , S , Germishuyse , T , Rademeyer , L and Schwabe , C. 2009 . Agricultural production in Greater Sekhukhune: the future for food security in a poverty node of South Africa? . Agrekon , 48 : 245 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) . 2001 . Mixed crop-livestock farming: a review of traditional technologies based on literature and field experiences . FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 152 . Rome : FAO . Available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/Y0501E/Y0501E00.HTM [accessed 1 October 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• FAO . 2011 . Abstracts, Regional Conservation Agriculture Symposium: The Science and Practice of Conservation Agriculture in Southern Africa , Johannesburg , South Africa , 8-10 February 2011 . Available at http://www.fao-reosa.org [accessed 1 October 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• Herrero , M and Thornton , P. 2010 . Mixed crop livestock systems in the developing world: present and future . Advances in Animal Biosciences , 1 : 481 – 482 .
   Google Scholar
• Jaleta M , Gebremedhin B. 2010 . Crop-livestock interactions in smallholders’ market participation: evidence from crop-livestock mixed systems in Ethiopia . Paper presented at the Joint 3rd African Association of Agricultural Economists and 48th Agricultural Economists Association of South Africa Conference , Cape Town , South Africa , 19-23 September 2010 .
   Google Scholar
• Khan , ZR , Midega , CAO , Amudavi , DM , Hassanali , A and Pickett , JA. 2008 . On-farm evaluation of the ‘push–pull’ technology for the control of stemborers and striga weed on maize in western Kenya . Field Crops Research , 106 : 224 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letty B. 2007 . Status quo of the agricultural sector: uMsinga Local Municipality . Unpublished report prepared for the Department of Economic Development Local Economic Development Unit .
   Google Scholar
• Letty B , Mbatha G , Mntambo G , Ngubane S , Xulu T , Mchunu S. 2011 . Baseline study of goat production in Msinga . Unpublished report. Available at http://www.mdukatshani.com/resources/Summary%20of%20goat%20baseline%20research%20100811.pdf [accessed 10 January 2013] .
   Google Scholar
• Manona S. 2005 . Smallholder agriculture as local economic development (LED) strategy in rural South Africa: exploring prospects in Pondoland, Eastern Cape . MPhil thesis, University of the Western Cape, South Africa .
   Google Scholar
• Mapeyi N , Mapuma-Tshuni N. 2011 . Testing the acceptance of a box baler for hay in a society of high technology development . Paper presented at the 46th Annual Congress of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa, Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute , Middelburg, Eastern Cape , 11–15 July 2011 .
   Google Scholar
• Meinderts JH , Chibango M , Mwenda N. 1999 . Dry season crop residue feeding for improved draft power in Zambia . In: Starkey P , Kaumbutho P (eds), Meeting the challenges of animal traction: a resource book of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) . London : Intermediate Technology Publications . pp 220 – 223 . Available at http://www.atnesa.org/challenges/challenges-meinderts-feeding.pdf [accessed 11 October 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Agriculture and Land Affairs . 1998 . Agricultural policy in South Africa: a discussion document . Available at http://www.daff.gov.za/docs/Policy/policy98.htm [accessed 10 October 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• Notenbaert , A , Herrero , M , de Groote , H , You , L and Blummel , M. 2013 . Identifying recommendation domains for targeting dual-purpose maize-based interventions in crop-livestock systems in East Africa . Land Use Policy , 30 : 834 – 846 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oettle N , Fakir S , Wentsel W , Giddings S , Whiteside M. 1998 . Encouraging sustainable smallholder agriculture in South Africa. Agricultural Services Reform in Southern Africa R6452CA . Stroud , , UK : Environment and Development Consultancy Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Oji , I , Etim , HE and Okoye , FC. 2007 . Effects of urea and aqueous ammonia treatment on the composition and nutritive value of maize residues . Small Ruminant Research , 69 : 232 – 236 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rota A , Sperandini S. 2010 . Integrated crop-livestock farming systems. Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design . Rome : International Fund for Agricultural Development .
   Google Scholar
• Shackleton , S , Shackleton , C and Cousins , B. 2000 . Re-valuing the communal lands of southern Africa: new understanding of rural livelihoods . Natural Resource Perspectives , 62 : 1 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , BB , Musa , A , Ajeigbe , HA and Tarawali , SA. 2011 . Effect of feeding crop residues of different cereals and legumes on weight gain of Yankassa rams . International Journal of Livestock Production , 2 : 17 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Thorne PJ , Thornton PK , Kruska RL , Reynolds L , Waddington SR , Rutherford AS , Odero AN. 2002 . Maize as food, feed and fertiliser in intensifying crop-livestock systems in East and southern Africa: an ex ante impact assessment of technology interventions to improve smallholder welfare . ILRI Impact Assessment Series no. 11 . Nairobi : International Livestock Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Trench T , Alcock R , Masondo M , Dladla F , Letty B , Gumede S. 2002 . Report on survey conducted with cattle owners at Msinga during 2002 . Unpublished report. Available at http://www.mdukatshani.com/resources/cattle%20survey%20msinga%202002%20.pdf [accessed 10 January 2013] .
   Google Scholar
• Vetter , S. 2013 . Development and sustainable management of rangeland commons – aligning policy with the realities of South Africa's rural landscape . African Journal of Range and Forage Science , 30 : 1 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams T , Fernandez-Rivera S , Kelley T. 1997 . The influence of socio-economic factos on the availability and utilisation of crop residues as animal feeds . In: Renard C (ed.), Crop residues in sustainable mixed crop/livestock farming systems . Wallingford : CAB International . pp 25 – 39 . Available at http://www.ilri.cgiar.org/InfoServ/Webpub/fulldocs/CropResidues/chap%202.htm#TopOfPage [accessed 10 January 2013] .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , A , Tarawali , S , Blummel , M , Gerard , B , Teufel , N and Herrero , M. 2011 . Integrating crops and livestock in subtropical agricultural systems . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 92 : 1010 – 1015 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar