South Africa youths’ higher-risk sexual behaviour: an eco-developmental analysis

References

• Anderson , K. G. , Beutel , A. M. and Maughan-Brown , B. 2007 . HIV-risk perception and first sexual intercourse among youth in Cape Town, South Africa . International Family Planning Perspectives , 13 ( 3 ) : 98 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Bailey , S. L. , Pollock , N. K. , Martin , C. S. and Lynch , K. G. 1999 . Risky sexual behaviors among adolescents with alcohol-use disorders . Journal of Adolescent Health , 25 : 179 – 181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertozzi , S. M. , Laga , M. , Bautista-Arredondo , S. and Coutinho , A. 2008 . Making HIV prevention programmes work . The Lancet , 372 ( 9641 ) : 831 – 844 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breinbauer , C. and Maddaleno , M. 2005 . Youth: Choice and Change. Promoting Health Behaviors in Adolescents , Washington, D.C. : Pan American Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner , U. 1979 . The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design , Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Coates , T. J. , Richter , L. and Caceres , C. 2008 . Behavioural strategies to reduce HIV transmission: how to make them work better . The Lancet , 372 ( 9639 ) : 669 – 684 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denison , J. A. , Lungu , N. , Dunnett-Dagg , W. A. , McCauley , A. and Sweat , M. D. 2006 . Social Relationships and Adolescents’ HIV Counseling and Testing Decisions in Zambia. Horizons Research Summary , Washington, D.C. : The Population Council .
   Google Scholar
• Eaton , L. , Flisher , A. J. and Aarø , L. E. 2003 . Unsafe sexual behaviour in South African youth . Social Science and Medicine , 56 : 149 – 165 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenton , L. 2004 . Preventing HIV/AIDS through poverty reduction: The only sustainable solution? . The Lancet , 364 ( 9440 ) : 1186 – 1187 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global HIV Prevention Working Group . 2008 . Behavior Change for HIV Prevention: (Re)Considerations for the 21st Century Available at: <www.kff.org/hivaids/hiv080508pkg.cfm>
   Google Scholar
• Hendrikensen , E. S. , Pettifor , A. , Lee , S. , Coates , T. J. and Rees , H. V. 2007 . Predictors of condom use among young adults in South Africa: The Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit National Youth Survey . American Journal of Public Health , 97 ( 7 ) : 1241 – 1248 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jewkes , R. K. , Levin , J. B. and Penn-Kekana , L. A. 2003 . Gender inequalities, intimate partner violence and HIV-preventive practices: findings of a South African cross-sectional study . Social Science and Medicine , 56 : 125 – 134 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , L. and Budlender , D. 2002 . HIV Risk Factors: A Review of the Demographic, Socio-Economic, Biomedical and Behavioural Determinants of HIV Prevalence in South Africa , Cape Town, , South Africa : Centre for Actuarial Research, University of Cape Town .
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser Family Foundation . 2007 . ‘Young South Africans, Broadcast Media, and HIV/AIDS Awareness: Results of a National Survey. March 2007. Menlo Park, California, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Available at: <http://www.kff.org/southafrica/upload/7614.pdf>
   Google Scholar
• Luthar , S. and Cicchetti , D. 2000 . The construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work . Child Development , 71 ( 3 ) : 543 – 562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makiwane , M. 1998 . Fertility in rural South Africa , Johannesburg, , South Africa : PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand .
   Google Scholar
• Meschke , L. L. and Patterson , J. M. 2003 . Resilience as a theoretical basis for substance abuse prevention . The Journal of Primary Prevention , 23 ( 4 ) : 483 – 514 .
   Google Scholar
• Monasch , R. and Mahy , M. 2006 . “ Young people: the centre of the HIV epidemic ” . In Preventing HIV/AIDS in Young People: A Systematic Review of the Evidence from Developing Countries , Edited by: Ross , D. A. , Dick , B. and Ferguson , J. Geneva : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Moyo , W. , Levandowski , B. A. , Macphail , C. , Rees , H. and Pettifor , A. 2008 . Consistent condom use in South Africa's youths’ most recent sexual relationships . AIDS Behaviour , 15 : 431 – 440 .
   Google Scholar
• National Department of Health . 2008 . The National HIV and Syphilis Antenatal Sero-Prevalence Survey in South Africa: 2007 Report , Pretoria, , South Africa : the National Department of Health .
   Google Scholar
• Oliver , K. , Collin , P. , Burns , J. and Nicholas , J. 2006 . Building resilience in young people through meaningful participation . Advances in Mental Health , 5 ( 1 ) : 34 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Pantin , H. , Schwartz , S. J. , Sullivan , S. , Prado , G. and Szapocznik , J. 2004 . Ecodevelopmental HIV-prevention programs for Hispanic adolescents . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 74 ( 4 ) : 545 – 558 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parker , W. , Makhubele , B. , Ntlabathi , P. and Connolly , C. 2007 . Concurrent Sexual Partnering amongst Young Adults in South Africa: Challenges for HIV Prevention , Johannesburg, , South Africa : Centre for AIDS Development, Research and Evaluation (CADRE) .
   Google Scholar
• Peacock-Villada , P. 2006 . Resiliency Pilot Program Evaluation: Zambia and South Africa 2006. November 2006 , Atlanta, Georgia and Washington, D.C. : CARE and USAID .
   Google Scholar
• Perrino , T. , Gonzalez , S. A. , Pantin , H. and Szapocznik , J. 2000 . The role of families in adolescent HIV prevention: a review . Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review , 3 : 81 – 96 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pettifor , A. E. , Rees , H. V. , Steffenson , A. , Hlongwa-Madikizela , L. and MacPhail , C. 2004 . HIV and Sexual Behaviour among Young South Africans: A National Survey of 15–24-year-olds , Johannesburg, , South Africa : University of the Witwatersrand, Reproductive Health Research Unit .
   Google Scholar
• Rehle , T. , Setswe , G. , Pillay , V. , Metcalf , C. , Jooste , S. , Rispel , L. and Sekhobo , J. P. 2007 . Assessing the Impact of HIV and AIDS Prevention and Care Programmes in South Africa. Report to the Department of Science and Technology , Cape Town, , South Africa : Human Sciences Research Council .
   Google Scholar
• Richter , L. , Panday , S. , Emmett , T. , Makiwane , M. , Du Toit , R. , Brookes , H. , Potgieter , C. , Altman , M. and Mukhara , M. 2005 . The 2003–2004 Status of Youth Report: Young People in South Africa. Commissioned by the Umsobomvu Youth Fund, November 2005 , Cape Town, , South Africa : HSRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shisana , O. , Rehle , T. , Simbayi , L. C. , Zuma , K. , Jooste , S. , Pillay van-Wyk , V. , Mbelle , N. , Van Zyl , J. , Parker , W. , Zungu , N. P. , Pezi , S. and the SABSSM III Implementation Team . 2009 . South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey, 2008: A Turning Tide Among Teenagers? , Cape Town, , South Africa : HSRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Szapocznik , J. and Coatsworth , J. D. 1999 . “ An ecodevelopmental framework for organizing the influences on drug abuse: a developmental model of risk and protection ” . In Drug Abuse: Origins and Interventions , Edited by: Glantz , M. and Hartel , C. Washington, D.C. : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Transitions to Adulthood Study Team . 2004 . Transitions to Adulthood in the Context of AIDS in South Africa , New York : The Population Council .
   Google Scholar
• Tsafack Temah , C. T. Gender Inequality and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa [unpublished conference paper] . Available at: <http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/conferences/2007-EDiA-LaWBiDC/papers/037-Tsafack.pdf> [Accessed 25 September 2008]
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS . 2004 . At the Crossroads: Accelerating Youth Access to HIV/AIDS Interventions , Geneva : UNAIDS .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations . 2001 . UNGASS: Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS. United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS, 25–27 June 2001 Online posting at: <http://www.ecpp.co.uk/ungass.htm> [Accessed 31 March 2008]
   Google Scholar
• Wood , K. , Maxwell , C. , Aggleton , P. , Tyrer , P. and Infante , C. 2006 . HIV Prevention with Especially Vulnerable Young People: Case Studies of Success and Innovation , Southampton, UK : Centre for Sexual Health Research, University of Southampton .
   Google Scholar
• World Bank . 2003 . HIV/AIDS and Gender Equality: Gender and Development Briefing Notes. July 2003 , Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, PREM Gender and Development Group . Available at: >www4.worldbank.org/afr/ssatp/Resources/HTML> [Accessed 26 September 2008]
   Google Scholar