Cost-effectiveness analysis of infant feeding strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa

References

• aids2031. 2010. The long run costs and financing of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Washington, DC: Results for Development Institute.
   Google Scholar
• ASSA (Acturial Society of South Africa). 2000. Assa2000 Model. Available at http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2000-3158.htm [accessed 20 June 2011].
   Google Scholar
• Badri M, Cleary S, Maartens G, Pitt J., Bekker LG., Orrell C, Wood R. 2006. When to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa? A South African cost-effectiveness study. Antiviral Therapy 11: 63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barendregt JJ. 2010. The effect size in uncertainty analysis. Value in Health 13: 388–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker PM, Mphatswe W, Rollins N. 2011. Antiretroviral drugs in the cupboard are not enough: The impact of health systems’ performance on mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 56: e45–e48, doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181fdbf20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becquet R, Ekouevi DK, Menan H, Amani-Bosse C, Bequet L, Viho I, Dabis F, Timite-Konan M, Leroy V. 2008. Early mixed feeding and breastfeeding beyond 6 months increase the risk of postnatal HIV transmission: ANRS 1201/1202 Ditrame Plus, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Preventive Medicine 47: 27–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourne D, Matzopoulos R, Bradshaw D, Shaikh N, Groenewald P, Naledi N, Brody L, Blease D, Laubscher R, Zinyaktira N, Daniels J, Van NiekerkM, Jefferies D, Van Der Merwe W 2007. Institutionalising a mortality surveillance system in the Western Cape Province to measure the Burden of Disease and the impact of preventive interventions. Final Report 2007. Western Cape Burden of Disease Reduction Project 2(7). Available at http://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2007/6/cd_volume_2_mortality_surveillance.pdf [accessed 25 November 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Braun MLG, Giugliani ER, Soares MEM, Giugliani C, de Oliveira AP, Danelon CMM. 2003. Evaluation of the impact of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative on rates of breastfeeding. American Journal of Public Health 1277–1279.
   Google Scholar
• Chasela CS, Hudgens MG, Jamieson DJ, Kayira D, Hosseinipour MC, Kourtis AP, Martinson F, Tegha G, Knight RJ, Ahmed YI, Kamwendo DD, Hoffman IF, Ellington SR, Kacheche Z, Soko A, Wiener JB, Fiscus SA, Kazembe P, Mofolo IA, Chigwenembe M, Sichali DS, Van Der Horst CM. 2010. Maternal or infant antiretroviral drugs to reduce HIV-1 transmission. New England Journal of Medicine 362: 2271–2281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciaranello AL, Perez F, Keatinge J, Park J-E, Engelsmann B, Maruva M, Walensky RP, Dabis F, Chu J, Rusibamayila A, Mushavi A, Freedberg KA. 2012. What will it take to eliminate pediatric HIV? Reaching WHO target rates of mother-to-child hiv transmission in Zimbabwe: A model-based analysis. PLoS Medicine 9, e1001156, doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleary S. 2007. The costs of the National Strategic Plan on HIV and AIDS & STIs 2007-2011. Cape Town: University of Cape Town
   Google Scholar
• Cotton MF, Schaaf HS, Willemsen E, Janse Van Rensburg A, Janse Van Rensburg E. 1998. The burden of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 disease in a low prevalence region — a 5 years study of hospitalized children. The South African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection 13: 46–49.
   Google Scholar
• Coutsoudis A, Pillay K, Kuhn L, Spooner E, Tsai WY, Coovadia HM, South African Vitamin A Study Group. 2001. Method of feeding and transmission of HIV-1 from mothers to children by 15 months of age: prospective cohort study from Durban, South Africa, AIDS 15: 379–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabis F, Bequet L, Ekouevi DK, Viho I, Rouet F, Horo A, Sakarovitch C, Becquet R, Fassinou P, Dequae-Merchadou L, Welffens-Ekra C, Rouzioux C, Leroy V. 2005. Field efficacy of zidovudine, lamivudine and single-dose nevirapine to prevent peripartum HIV transmission. AIDS 19: 309–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day C, Monticelli F, Barron P, Haynes R, Smith J, Sello E (eds). 2010. The District Health Barometer 2008/09.Durban: Health Systems Trust
   Google Scholar
• Doherty T, Sanders D, Goga A, Jackson D. 2010. Implications of the new WHO guidelines on HIV and infant feeding for child survival in South Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 89: 62–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doherty T, Chopra M, Jackson D, Goga A, Colvin M, Persson LA. 2007. Effectiveness of the WHO/UNICEF guidelines on infant feeding for HIV-positive women: results from a prospective cohort study in South Africa. AIDS 21: 1791–1797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iliff PJ, Piwoz EG, Tavengwa NV, Zunguza CD, Marinda ET., Nathoo KJ, Moulton LH, Ward BJ, Humphrey JH, ZVITAMBO Study Group. 2005. Early exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission and increases HIV-free survival. AIDS 19: 699–708, doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000166093.16446.c9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goga AE, Van Wyk B, Doherty T, Colvin M, Jackson D, Chopra M. 2009. Operational effectiveness of guidelines on complete breast-feeding cessation to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV: results from a prospective observational cohort study at routine prevention of mother-to-child transmission sites, South Africa. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 50: 521–528.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackson DJ, Chopra M, Doherty TM, Colvin MS, Levin JB, Willumsen JF, Goga AE, Moodley P, Good Start Study Group. 2007. Operational effectiveness and 36 week HIV-free survival in the South African programme to prevent motherto-child transmission of HIV-1. AIDS 21: 509–516 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32801424d2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson LF, Davies M-A, Moultrie H, Sherman GG, Bland RM, Rehle TM, Dorrington RE, Newell M-L. 2012. The effect of early initiation of antiretroviral treatment in infants on pediatric AIDS mortality in South Africa: A model-based analysis. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 31: 474–480, doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3182456ba2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain A, Moodley D, Naidoo S, Esterhuizen TM. 2011. Pregnant women's access to PMTCT and ART services in South Africa and implications for universal antiretroviral treatment. PLoS One 6: e27907, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagaayi J, Gray RH, Brahmbhatt H, Kigozi G, Nalugoda F, Wabwire-Mangen F, Serwadda D, Sewankambo N, Ddungu V, Ssebagala D, Sekasanvu J, Kigozi G, Makumbi F, Kiwanuka N, Lutalo T, Reynolds SJ, Wawer MJ. 2008. Survival of infants born to HIV-positive mothers, by feeding modality, in Rakai, Uganda. PloS one 12: e3877.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn L, Aldrovandi GM, Sinkala M, Kankasa C, Semrau K, Mwiya M, Kasonde P, Scott N, Vwalika C, Walter J. 2008. Effects of early, abrupt weaning on HIV-free survival of children in Zambia. New England Journal of Medicine 359: 130–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumwenda NI, Hoover DR, Mofenson LM, Thigpen MC, Kafulafula G, Li Q, Mipando L, Nkanaunena K, Mebrahtu T, Bulterys M, Fowler MG, Taha TE. 2008. Extended antiretroviral prophylaxis to reduce breast-milk HIV-1 transmission. New England Journal of Medicine 359: 119–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lallemant M, Jourdain G, Le Coeur S, Mary JY, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Koetsawang S, Kanshana S, McIntosh K, Thaineua V. 2004. Single-dose perinatal nevirapine plus standard zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Thailand. New England Journal of Medicine 351: 217–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leroy V, Ekouevi DK, Becquet R, Viho I, Dequae-Merchadou L, Tonwe-Gold B, Rouet F, Sakarovitch C, Horo A, Timite-Konan M. 2008. 18-month effectiveness of short-course antiretroviral regimens combined with alternatives to breastfeeding to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission. PloS One 3: e1645. DOI?
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINKAGES. 2004. A review of UNICEF experience with the distribution of free infant formula for infants of HIV-infected mothers in Africa. Washington DC: Academy for Educational Development
   Google Scholar
• Maclean CC, Stringer JSA. 2005. Potential cost-effectiveness of maternal and infant antiretroviral interventions to prevent motherto-child transmission during breast-feeding. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 38: 570–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahlalela X, Rohde J, Meidany F, Hutchinson P, Bennett J. 2001. Primary health care in the Eastern Cape province 1997–2000. East London: The EQUITY Project. Available at http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACX640.pdf [accessed 12 November 2012].
   Google Scholar
• Mahy M, Stover J, Kiragu K, Hayashi C, Akwara P, Luo C, Stanecki K, Ekpini R, Shaffer N. 2010. What will it take to achieve virtual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV? An assessment of current progress and future needs. Sexually Transmitted Infections 86: ii48–ii55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer-Rath G. 2010. The cost of the national ART programme under the old and new guidelines. Johannesburg PUBLISHING DETAILS?.
   Google Scholar
• National Department of Health. 2012. The National Antenatal Sentinel HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey, South Africa, 2011. Available at http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/presentations/2013/Antenatal_Sentinel_survey_Report2012_final.pd [accessed 21 August 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Nduati R, John G, Mbori-Ngacha D, Richardson B, Overbaugh J, Mwatha A, Ndinya-Achola J, Bwayo J, Onyango FE, Hughes J, Kreiss J. 2000. Effect of breastfeeding and formula feeding on transmission of HIV-1. Journal of the American Medical Association 283: 1167–1174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nnadozie R. 2011. Access to adequate water in post-apartheid South African provinces: an overview of numerical trends. Water SA 37: 339–348.
   Google Scholar
• Orlando S, Marazzi MC, Mancinelli S, Liotta G, Ceffa S, Giglio P, Alumando E, Ziegler I, Shawa M, Palombi L. 2010. Cost-effectiveness of using HAART in prevention of motherto-child transmission in the DREAM-project Malawi. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 55: 631–634, doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181f9f9f5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peltier CA, Ndayisaba GF, Lepage P, Van Griensven J, Leroy V, Pharm CO, Ndimubanzi PC, Courteille O, Arendt V. 2009. Breastfeeding with maternal antiretroviral therapy or formula feeding to prevent HIV postnatal mother-to-child transmission in Rwanda. AIDS 23: 2415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piwoz EG, Ross JS. 2005. Use of population-specific infant mortality rates to inform policy decisions regarding HIV and infant feeding. The Journal of Nutrition 135: 1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reserve Bank of South Africa. 2011. Selected historical exchange rates and other interest rates. Available at http://www.resbank.co.za/Research/Rates/Pages/SelectedHistoricalExchangeAndInterestRates.aspx [accessed 20 August 2011 2011].
   Google Scholar
• Robberstad B, Evjen-Olsen B. 2010. Preventing mother to child transmission of HIV with highly active antiretroviral treatment in Tanzania — a prospective cost-effectiveness study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 55: 397–403, doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181eef4d3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rollins NC, Becquet R, Bland RM, Coutsoudis A, Coovadia HM, Newell ML. 2008. Infant feeding, HIV transmission and mortality at 18 months: the need for appropriate choices by mothers and prioritization within programmes. AIDS 22: 2349–2357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rollins N, Mzolo S, Moodley T, Esterhuizen T, Van Rooyen H. 2009. Universal HIV testing of infants at immunization clinics: an acceptable and feasible approach for early infant diagnosis in high HIV prevalence settings. AIDS 23: 1851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rundare A, Fatti G, Pududu B, Mothibi E, Grimwood A. 2012. Reduced vertical transmission of HIV in resource-limited settings — A comparison between the 2008 and 2010 national PMTCT guidelines. Poster Abstract 1003. 19th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 3–5 March 2012, Seattle, Washington
   Google Scholar
• Sansom SL, Jamieson DJ, Farnham PG, Bulterys M, Fowler MG. 2003. Human immunodeficiency virus retesting during pregnancy: costs and effectiveness in preventing perinatal transmission. Obstetrics & Gynecology 102: 782–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah M, Johns B, Abimiku AL, Walker DG. 2011. Cost-effectiveness of new WHO recommendations for prevention of mother-tochild transmission of HIV in a resource-limited setting. AIDS 25: 1093–1102, doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834670b9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skordis J, Nattrass N. 2002. Paying to waste lives: the affordability of reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa. Journal of Health Economics 21: 405–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Söderlund N, Zwi K, Kinghorn A, Gray G. 1999. Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV: Analysis of cost effectiveness of options available in South Africa. BMJ: British Medical Journal 318: 1650–1656.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spies L. 2011. From evidence to action: The experience of KZN Department of Health on infant & young child feeding. In: National Breastfeeding Consultative Meeting, 23 August 2011 Pretoria. Available at http://www.confcall.co.za/downloads/national-breastfeeding-meeting-2011/Ms%20L%20Spies%20KZN%20DOH.pptx [accessed 25 August 2011].
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa. 2010. Consumer Price index. Online at: http://www.statssa.gov.za/keyindicators/cpi.asp [accessed 21 January 2011].
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa. 2013. Mid-year Population estimates. Online at: http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P0302/P03022013.pdf [accessed 21 August 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Stiegler N. 2008. Under-five mortality in the Western Cape Province. In: Marindo R, Groenewald C, Gaisie S (eds), The state of the population in the Western Cape province. Cape Town: Health Sciences Research Council.
   Google Scholar
• Stringer E, Chi BC, Chintu N, Creek TL, Ekouevi DK, Coetzee D, Tih P, Boulle A, Dabis F, Shaffer N, Wilfert CM, Stringer JSA. 2008. Monitoring effectiveness of programmes to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in lower-income countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86: 57–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swen Study Team. (2008. Extended-dose nevirapine to 6 weeks of age for infants to prevent HIV transmission via breastfeeding in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an analysis of three randomised controlled trials. The Lancet 372: 300–313.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taha TE, Kumwenda J, Cole SR, Hoover DR, Kafulafula G, Fowler MG, Thigpen MC, Li Q, Kumwenda NI, Mofenson L. 2009. Postnatal HIV-1 Transmission after Cessation of Infant Extended Antiretroviral Prophylaxis and Effect of Maternal Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Journal of Infectious Diseases 200: 1490–1497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thior I, Lockman S, Smeaton LM, Shapiro RL, Wester C, Heymann SJ, Gilbert PB, Stevens L, Peter T, Kim S, Van Widenfelt E, Moffat C, Ndase P, Arimi P, Kebaabetswe P, Mazonde P, Makhema J, Mcintosh K, Novitsky V, Lee TH, Marlink R, Lagakos S, Essex, M. 2006. Breastfeeding plus infant zidovudine prophylaxis for 6 months vs formula feeding plus infant zidovudine for 1 month to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission in Botswana: a randomized trial: the Mashi Study. Journal of the American Medical Association 296: 794–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund). The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. UNICEF. Available at http://www.unicef.org/programme/breastfeeding/baby.htm [accessed 1 September 2011].
   Google Scholar
• UN-HABITAT (United Nations Human Settlements Programme). 2003. The challenge of slums: global report on human settlements 2003. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Victoria C. 2000. Effect of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality due to infectious diseases in less developed countries: a pooled analysis. Lancet (British edition) 355: 451–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein MC, Siegel JE, Gold MR, Kamlet MS, Russell LB. 1996. Recommendations of the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association 276: 1253–1258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organization) 2009. World Health Statistics 2009. France: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organization). 2010. Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding 2010: Principles and recommendations for infant feeding in the context of HIV and a summary of evidence. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar