HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in two referral hospitals in Ethiopia

References

• Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. Annals of Child Development, 6, 1–60.
   Google Scholar
• Central Statistical Agency. (2011). Statistical report on the 2011 urban employment unemployment survey. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Central Statistical Agency. (2015). Census population report. Ethiopia. Retrieved from http://www.citypopulation.De
   Google Scholar
• Cianelli, R., Ferrer, L., Norr, K., McCreary, L., Irarrazabal, L., Bernales, M., & Miner, S. (2011). Stigma-related to HIV among community health workers in Chile. Stigma Research and Action, 1, 3–10. https://doi.org/10.5463/sra.v1i1.11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ebied, E. (2014). Factors contributing to HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination attitudes in Egypt: Suggested stigma reduction guide for nurses in family health centres. Journal of Education and Practice, 5, 35–46.
   Google Scholar
• Ekeje, N. (2010). An investigation into stigmatisation of HIV-positive clients at clinics in the Leribe District (unpublished Master’s dissertation). Pretoria: University of South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Feyissa, G., Abebe, L., Girma, E., & Woldie, M. (2012). Stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV by healthcare providers, Southwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 522. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbein, M., & Marco, Y. (2003). Using theory to design effective health behaviour interventions. International Community Association, 13(2), 164–183.
   Google Scholar
• Greene, S., Ion, A., Kwaramba, G., Smith, S., & Loutfy, M. R. (2016). “Why are you pregnant? What were you thinking?”. How women navigate experiences of HIV-related Stigma in medical settings during pregnancy and birth. Social Work in Health Care, 55(2), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2015.1081665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurmu, E., & Etana, D. (2015). HIV/AIDS knowledge and stigma among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. African Journal of AIDS Research, 14(3), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2015.1051066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzemer, W., Uys, L., Chirwa, M., Greeff, M., Makoae, L., & Kohi, T. (2007). Validation of the HIV/AIDS stigma instrument-PLWHA (HAS-P). AIDS Care, 19(8), 1002–1012. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120701245999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBM Corp. (2011). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
   Google Scholar
• Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. (2007). Reducing HIV stigma and discrimination. Geneva: UNAIDS.
   Google Scholar
• Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. (2008). HIV/ AIDS-related stigma, fears and discriminatory practices among health care professionals in Rwanda. Geneva: UNAIDS. 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. (2010). Measuring the degree of HIV-related stigma and discrimination in health facilities and providers. Washington, DC: Health Policy Initiative.
   Google Scholar
• Kish, L. (1965). Survey sampling. New York: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Kokle-Parker, D. (2013). Community-level HIV stigma is a public threat. Public Health Reports (Washington, DC), 25, 7–9.
   Google Scholar
• Li, L., Wu, Z., Wu, S., Zhaoc, Y., Jia, M., & Yan, Z. (2007). HIV-related stigma in health care settings: A survey of service providers in China. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 21(10), 753–762. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2006.0219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohiniva, A., Benkirane, M., Numair, T., Mahdy, A., Saleh, H., Zahran, A., … amal, W. (2016). HIV stigma intervention in a low-HIV prevalence setting: A pilot study in an Egyptian healthcare facility. AIDS Care, 28(5), 644–652. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1124974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molero, F., Fuster, M. J., Jetten, J., & Moriano, J. A. (2011). Living with HIV/AIDS: A psychosocial perspective on coping with prejudice and discrimination. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 4, 609–626. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00729.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyblade, L., Stangl, A., Weiss, E., & Ashburn, K. (2009, March). Combating HIV stigma in health care settings: what works”? Journal of the International AIDS Society, 12(15), https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-12-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oanh, K. T. H., Ashburn, K., Pulerwitz, J., Ogden, J., & Nyblade, L. (2008). Improving hospital quality of care in Vietnam by reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination. Horizons Final Report. Washington, DC: Population Council.
   Google Scholar
• Palanisamy, J., & Subramanian, S. (2011). Health care discrimination in HIV care. World Journal of AIDS, 01(03), 100–103. https://doi.org/10.4236/wja.2011.13015
   Google Scholar
• Physicians for Human Rights. (2011). Ensuring equality: A guide to addressing and eliminating stigma and discrimination in the health sector. Cambridge, MA. PHR.
   Google Scholar
• Pulerwitz, J., Michaelis, A., Ellis, H., Weiss, E., Brown, L., & Mahendra, V. (2010). Reducing HIV-related stigma: Lessons learned from Horizons research and programs. Public Health Reports (Washington, DC), 125, 272–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen, S., Nguyen, H. D., Kim, S. Y., & Aguilar, J. (2017). HIV knowledge, risk behaviour, stigma, and their impact on HIV testing among Asian American and Pacific Islanders: A review of literature. Social Work in Public Health, 32(1), 11–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2016.1173612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO, UNAIDS, & UNICEF. (2011). Global HIV/AIDS response progress report. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, R., & Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of Management Review, 14, 361–384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Z., Zhao, Z., Lin, C., Detels, R., & Wu, S. (2006). Using case vignettes to measure HIV-related stigma among health professionals in China. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, 178–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Y. (2009). Help-seeking in a context of AIDS stigma: Understanding the health care needs of people with HIV/AIDS in China. Health & Social Care in the Community, 17(2), 202–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2008.00820.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar