Have grass carp driven declines in macrophyte occurrence and diversity in the Vaal River, South Africa?

References

• Bonar SA, Bolding B, Divens M. 2002. Effects of triploid grass carp on aquatic plants, water quality, and public satisfaction in Washington State. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22: 96–105. doi: 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0096:EOTGCO>2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruwer CA, van Vliet HR, Sartory DP, Kempster PL. 1985. An assessment of water-related problems of the Vaal River between Barrage and Douglas Weir. DWAF Report No. TR121. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter SR, Lodge DM. 1986. Effects of submersed macrophytes on ecosystem processes. Aquatic Botany 26: 341–370. doi: 10.1016/0304-3770(86)90031-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheruvelil KS, Soranno PA, Madsen JD, Roberson MJ. 2002. Plant architecture and epiphytic macroinvertebrate communities: the role of an exotic dissected macrophyte. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 21: 261–277. doi: 10.2307/1468414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coetzee JA, Hill MP, Byrne MJ, Bownes AB. 2011. A review of the biological control programmes on Eichhornia crassipes (C. Mart.) Solms (Pontederiacaeae), Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch. (Salviniaceae), Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae), Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. (Haloragaceae) and Azolla filiculoides Lam. (Azollaceae) in South Africa since 1999. African Entomology 19: 451–468. doi: 10.4001/003.019.0202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyr H, Downing JA. 1988a. The abundance of phytophilous invertebrates on different species of submerged macrophytes. Freshwater Biology 20: 365–374.
   Google Scholar
• Cyr H, Downing JA. 1988b. Empirical relationships of phytomacro faunal abundance to plant biomass and macrophyte bed characteristics. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45: 976–984. doi: 10.1139/f88-120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Moor IJ, Bruton MN. 1988. Atlas of alien and translocated indigenous aquatic animals in southern Africa. South African National Scientific Programmes Report No. 144. Pretoria: South African National Scientific Programmes.
   Google Scholar
• de Villiers P. 2007. Orange-Vaal Yellowfish Conservation and Management Association: 2007 report. In: Ardene P (ed.), Proceedings of the 11th Yellowfish Working Group Conference, Elgro River Lodge, Potchefstroom, 13–15 April 2007. Federation of South African Flyfishers. pp 19–22.
   Google Scholar
• de Villiers P. 2008. Orange-Vaal Yellowfish Conservation and Management Association. In: Ardene P (ed.), Proceedings of the 12th Yellowfish Working Group Conference, Jonkershoek, 14–16 March 2008. Federation of South African Flyfishers. pp 81–84.
   Google Scholar
• Dibble ED, Killgore KJ, Dick GO. 1996. Measurement of plant architecture in seven aquatic plants. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 11: 311–318. doi: 10.1080/02705060.1996.9664453
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dibble ED, Kovalenko K. 2009. Ecological impact of grass carp: a review of the available data. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 47: 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte CM. 2000. Marine biodiversity and ecosystem services: an elusive link. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 250: 117–131. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00194-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dvořak J, Best PH. 1982. Macro-invertebrate communities associated with the macrophytes of Lake Vechten: structural and functional relationships. Hydrobiologia 95: 115–126. doi: 10.1007/BF00044479
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DWAF (Department of Water Affairs and Forestry). 2009. Integrated water quality management plan for the Vaal River system: Task 8: water quality management strategy for the Vaal River system. Report No. P RSA C000/00/2305/7. Directorate National Water Resource Planning, DWAF, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards D, Musil CJ. 1975. Eichhornia crassipes in South Africa – a general review. Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa 7: 23–27. doi: 10.1080/03779688.1975.9632904
   Google Scholar
• Ferreiro N, Feijoó C, Giorgi A, Leggieri L. 2011. Effects of macrophyte heterogeneity and food availability on structural parameters of the macroinvertebrate community in a Pampean stream. Hydrobiologia 664: 199–211. doi: 10.1007/s10750-010-0599-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fordham CJ. 2012. A spatial and temporal analysis of the changes in alien macrophyte communities and a baseline assessment of the macroinvertebrates associated with Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae) in the Vaal River. MSc thesis, Rhodes University, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler MC, Robson TO. 1978. The effects of the food preferences and stocking rates of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) on mixed plant communities. Aquatic Botany 5: 261–276. doi: 10.1016/0304-3770(78)90069-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson GE. 1975. A treatise on limnology. III. Limnological botany. New York: Wiley Interscience.
   Google Scholar
• Jones CG, Lawton JH, Shachak M. 1994. Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos 69: 373–386. doi: 10.2307/3545850
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones CG, Lawton JH, Shachak M. 1997. Positive and negative effects of organisms as ecosystem engineers. Ecology 78: 1946–1957. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1946:PANEOO]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocovsky PM, Chapman DC, McKenna JE. 2012. Thermal and hydrologic suitability of Lake Erie and its major tributaries for spawning of Asian carps. Journal of Great Lakes Research 38: 159–166. doi: 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.11.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovalenko K, Thomaz S, Warfe D. 2012. Habitat complexity: approaches and future directions. Hydrobiologia 685: 1–17. doi: 10.1007/s10750-011-0974-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruger E. 2005. A place for bass in South Africa. In: Ardene P (ed.), Proceedings of the 9th Yellowfish Working Group Conference, Elgro River Lodge, Potchefstroom, 8–10 April 2005. Federation of South African Flyfishers. pp 28–30.
   Google Scholar
• Kufel L, Kufel I. 2002. Chara beds acting as nutrient sinks in shallow lakes – a review. Aquatic Botany 72: 249–260. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3770(01)00204-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy TS. 2011. The impact of acid mine drainage in South Africa. South African Journal of Science 107: Art. #712, 7 pages. doi: 10.4102/sajs.v107i5/6.712
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myburgh E, Nevill EM. 2003. Review of blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) control in South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 70: 307–316. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v70i4.295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberholster PJ, Ashton PJ. 2008. State of the Nation report: an overview of the current status of water quality and eutrophication in South African rivers and reservoirs. Parliamentary Grant Deliverable. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [CSIR], Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Pieterse AJH, Janse van Vuuren S. 1997. An investigation into phytoplankton blooms in the Vaal River and the environmental variables responsible for their development and decline. WRC Report No. 359/1/97. Pretoria: Water Research Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Pine RT, Anderson LWJ. 1991. Effect of triploid grass carp on submerged aquatic plants in northern California ponds. California Fish and Game 77: 27–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pípalová I. 2006. A review of grass carp use for aquatic weed control and its impact on water bodies. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 44: 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramollo P. 2011. Yellowfish monitoring in the Orange–Vaal River system and Oorglooskloof–Kobee River system within the borders of the Northern Cape Province. In: Ardene P (ed.), Proceedings of the 15th Yellowfish Working Group Conference, Cradle of Life Tourism and Conservation Centre, Badplaas, Mpumalanga, 18–20 February 2011. Federation of South African Flyfishers. pp 10–11.
   Google Scholar
• RSA (Republic of South Africa). 2004. National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 2004 (Act No. 10 of 2004). Government Gazette, South Africa 467 (26436).
   Google Scholar
• Schultz M, Kozersjki HP, Pluntke T, Rinke K. 2003. The influence of macrophytes on sedimentation and nutrient retention in the lower River Spree (Germany). Water Research 37: 569–578. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00276-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley JG, Miley WW, Sutton DL. 1978. Reproductive requirements and likelihood for naturalisation of escaped grass carp in the United States. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 107: 119–128. doi: 10.1577/1548-8659(1978)107<119:RRALFN>2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dyke JM, Leslie AJ, Nall LE. 1984. The effects of grass carp on the aquatic macrophytes of four Florida lakes. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 22: 87–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venter AJA, Schoonbee HJ. 1991. The use of triploid grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., in the control of submerged aquatic weeds in the Florida Lake, Roodepoort Transvaal. Water SA 17: 321–326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venter B. 2010. Where anglers and conservation meet – with specific reference to artlure angling. In: Ardene P (ed.), Proceedings of the 14th Yellowfish Working Group Conference, Willem Pretorius Resort, Free State province, 16–17 April 2010. Federation of South African Flyfishers. pp 122–124.
   Google Scholar
• Weyl PSR. 2015. Friend or foe? Resolving the status of the submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae) in southern Africa. PhD thesis, Rhodes University, South Africa.
   Google Scholar