Distribution and ecological risks of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface sediment of the Forcados River, Niger Delta, Nigeria

References

• Ameur WB, Trabelsi S, El Bedoui B, Driss MR. 2011. Polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments from Ghar El Melh Lagoon, Tunisia. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 86: 539–544. doi: 10.1007/s00128-011-0258-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barakat AO, Khairy M, Aukaily I. 2013. Persistent organochlorine pesticide and PCB residues in surface sediments of Lake Qarum, a protected area of Egypt. Chemosphere 90: 2467–2476. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan X, Li Y, Li X, Zhang D, Li M. 2013. Polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment of the Yellow Sea: distribution, source identification and flux estimation. Marine Pollution Bulletin 76: 283–290. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.08.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Equani SAMAS, Malik RN, Zhang G, Mohammad A, Chakraborty P. 2012. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the sediments of the River Chenab, Pakistan. Chemistry and Ecology 28: 327–339. doi: 10.1080/02757540.2012.667085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frignani M, Piazza R, Bellucci LG, Cu NH, Zangrando R, Albertazzi S et al. 2007. Polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of the Tam Giang-Cau Hai Lagoon, Central Vietnam. Chemosphere 67: 1786–1793. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hnat'uková P, Bureśová H, Kochánková L, Bäumeltová J. 2010. Distribution of PCBs in sediment of the Červený Delor, Czech Republic. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 58: 15–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoai PM, Ngoc NT, Minh NH, Viet PH, Berg M, Alder AC, Giger W. 2010. Recent levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of sewer system in Hanoi, Vietnam. Environmental Pollution 158: 913–920. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.09.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 1987. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1–42. Supplement 7. Lyon: IARC, World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Kucuksezgin F, Tolga Gonul L. 2012. Distribution and ecological risk of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in surficial sediments from the Eastern Aegean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 64: 2549–2555. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.07.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar B, Kumar S, Sharma CS. 2013. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in bank sediments from along the Yamuna River in Delhi, India. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 19: 1477–1487. doi: 10.1080/10807039.2012.723181
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung A, Cai ZW, Wong MH. 2006. Environmental contamination from electronic waste recycling at Guiyu, southeast China. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 8: 21–33. doi: 10.1007/s10163-005-0141-6
   Google Scholar
• Li Q, Luo Z, Yan C, Zhang X. 2011. Assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls contamination in sediment and organisms from Xiamen offshore area, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 87: 372–376. doi: 10.1007/s00128-011-0385-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald DD, Ingersoll CG, Berger TA 2000. Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 39: 20–31. doi: 10.1007/s002440010075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neamtu M, Ciumasu IM, Costica N, Costica M, Bobu M, Nicoara MN et al. 2009. Chemical, biological, and ecotoxicological assessment of pesticides and persistent organic pollutants in the Bahlui River, Romania. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 16 (Suppl. 1): 76–85. doi: 10.1007/s11356-009-0101-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 1999. SQuiRTs: NOAA screening quick reference tables. HAZMAT Report 99-1. Updated February 2004. NOAA, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Nouira T, Risso C, Chouba L, Budzinski H, Boussetta H. 2013. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in surface sediments from Monastir Bay (Tunisia, Central Mediterranean): occurrence, distribution and seasonal variations. Chemosphere 93: 487–493. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rushneck DR, Beliveau A, Fowler B, Hamilton C, Hoover D, Kaye K, Berg M. 2004. Concentrations of dioxin-like PCB congeners in unweathered aroclors by HRGC/HRMS using EPA method 1668A. Chemosphere 54: 79–87. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00664-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolosa I, Mesa-Albernas M, Alonso-Hernandez CM. 2010. Organochlorine contamination (PCBs, DDTs, HCB, HCHs) in sediments from Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60: 1619–1624. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.06.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USEPA (United State Environmental Protection Agency). 1991. Toxicity equivalency factors for polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. USEPA Report No. EPA/625/3-91/020. USEPA, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Verhaert V, Covaci A, Bouillon S, Abrantes K, Musibono D, Bervoets L et al. 2013. Baseline levels and trophic transfer of persistent organic pollutants in sediments and biota from Congo River Basin (DR Congo). Environment International 59: 290–302. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.05.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WDNR (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources). 2003. Consensus-based sediment quality guidelines. Available at http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/brownfields/documents/cbsqg_interim_final.pdf [accessed 24 February 2014].
   Google Scholar
• Wurl O, Obbard JP. 2005. Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Singapore's coastal marine sediments. Chemosphere 58: 925–933. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao L, Hou H, Zhou YY, Xue ND, Li HY, Li FS. 2010. Distribution and ecological risk of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in surficial sediments from Haihe River and Haihe Estuary area, China. Chemosphere 78: 1285–1293. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar