Ecological, recreational and educational potential of a small artificial wetland in an urban environment

References

• Agnew AD. 2013. Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns: a flora of the flowers, ferns, grasses, and sedges of highland Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Nature Kenya – The East Africa Natural History Society.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez M, Becker M, Böhme B, Handa C, Josko M, Kamiri HW, et al. 2012. Floristic classification of the vegetation in small wetlands of Kenya and Tanzania. In: Vegetation databases for the 21st century. Biodiversity and Ecology 4:63–76. doi: 10.7809/b-e.00060
   Google Scholar
• Britt K, McGee J, Campbell J. 2015. An Introduction to Google Earth Pro. Virginia, USA: Virginia Tech Geospatial Extension Program, Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation.
   Google Scholar
• Bullock JM. 2013. Plants. In: Ecological census techniques. Sutherland WJ (Ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Channing A, Howell KM. 2006. Amphibians of East Africa. Frankfurt-am Main, Germany: Edition Chimaira Press.
   Google Scholar
• Côté IM, Perrow MR. 2006. Fish. In: Sutherland WJ (Ed.). Ecological census techniques. 2nd Ed. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• De Roeck ER, Verhoest NE, Miya MH, et al. 2008. Remote sensing and wetland ecology: a South African case study. Sensors (Basel) 8: 3542–3556. doi: 10.3390/s8053542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efitre J, Chapman, LJ Makanga, B. 2001. The inshore benthic macroinvertebrates of Lake Nabugabo, Uganda: seasonal and spatial patterns. African Zoology 36(2): 205–216. doi: 10.1080/15627020.2001.11657139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, EC, Ramankutty N. 2008. Putting people in the map: anthropogenic biomes of the world. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6: 439–447. doi: 10.1890/070062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons DW and Gregory RD. 2006. Birds. In: Sutherland WJ (Ed.). Ecological census techniques. 2nd Ed. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• GoK (Government of Kenya). 2007. Kenya Vision 2030. Nairobi, Kenya: Government of Kenya.
   Google Scholar
• GoK (Government of Kenya). 2019. Population distribution by Counties and sex. Nairobi, Kenya: Central Bureau of Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Groot R, Stuip M, Finlayson M, Davidson N. 2006. Valuing wetlands: Guidance for valuing the benefits derived from wetland ecosystem services. Ramsar Technical Report No. 3/CBD Technical series No. 27. Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Secretariat.
   Google Scholar
• Halliday T. 2013. Amphibians. In: Ecological census techniques. Sutherland WJ (Ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hanski I. 1998. Metapopulations dynamics. Nature 396: 41–49. doi: 10.1038/23876
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson LA, Brönmark C, Anders Nilsson P, Åbjörnsson K. 2005. Conflicting demands on wetland ecosystem services: nutrient retention, biodiversity or both. Freshwater Biology 50: 705–714. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01352.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgs S. 1997. What is good ecological restoration? Conservation Biology 11: 338–348. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95311.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoekstra JM, Boucher TM, Ricketts TH, Roberts C. 2005. Confronting a biomass crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecology Letters 8: 23–29. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00686.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes RH and Hughes JS. 1992. A directory of African wetlands. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN and Cambridge, United Kingdom: UNEP/WCMC.
   Google Scholar
• Kamp G, Hayashi M. 1998. The groundwater recharge function of small wetlands in the semi-arid Northern Prairies. Great Plains Research 8: 39–56.
   Google Scholar
• KFS (Kenya Forest Service). 2013. Karura Forest, Kenya. www.kenyaforestservice.org. [Accessed 21 February 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Koenings JP, Edmundson JE, Kyle GB, Edmundson JM. 1987. Limnological field and laboratory manual: Methods for assessing aquatic production. Report Series 71. Juneau, Alaska, United States: Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Fisheries Rehabilitation Enhancement and Development Division).
   Google Scholar
• Likert R. 1932. A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes. Archives de Psychologie 140: 1–55.
   Google Scholar
• Lundkvist E, Landin J, Karlsson F. 2002. Dipersing diving beetles (Dytiscidae) in agricultural and urban landscapes in south-eastern Sweden. Annales Zoologici Fennici 39: 109–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macharia JM, Thenya T, Ndiritu GG. 2010. Management of highland wetlands in central Kenya: the importance of community education, awareness and eco-tourism in biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity (Nepean) 11: 85–90. doi: 10.1080/14888386.2010.9712652
   Google Scholar
• Masser MP, Jensen JW. 1991. USDA Grant 89-38500-4516. Calculating area and volume of ponds and tanks. Washington, DC: Southern Regional Aquaculture Center.
   Google Scholar
• MEMR (Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources). 2012. Kenya wetlands Atlas. www.environment.go.ke. [Accessed 21 February 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Merritt RW, Cummins KW, Berg MB. 2008. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. 4th Ed. Dubuque, United States: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Muli JR. 2005. Spatial variation of benthic macroinvertebrates and the environmental factors influencing their distribution in Lake Victoria, Kenya. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 8(2): 147–157. doi: 10.1080/14634980590953680
   Google Scholar
• Murkin HR, Wrubleski D A, Reid FA. 1994. Sampling invertebrates in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. (p 349–369). In: Research and Management Techniques for Wildlife and Habitats, 5th ed. Bookhout TA (Ed.). Bethesda, Maryland, USA: Wildlife Society.
   Google Scholar
• NEMA (National Environmental Management Authority). 2011. Kenya state of the environment and outlook 2010: supporting the delivery of Vision 2030. Nairobi, Kenya: National Environmental Management Authority.
   Google Scholar
• NEMA (National Environmental Management Authority). 2012. Wetlands assessment and monitoring strategy for Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: National Environmental Management Authority.
   Google Scholar
• Ng’weno F. 1992. Seasonal wetlands in Nairobi. (p 55–64). In: Crafter SA, Njuguna SG, Howard GW (Eds). Wetlands of Kenya. Proceedings of the Kenya Wetland Working Group Seminar on wetlands of Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: National Museums of Kenya.
   Google Scholar
• Nyingi WD. 2013. Guide to common freshwater fishes of Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Moran Publishers Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Oertli B, Biggs J, Céréghino R Grillas P, Joly P, Lachavanne J-B. 2005. Conservation and monitoring of pond biodiversity: introduction. Aquatic Conservation 15: 535–540. doi: 10.1002/aqc.752
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAMSAR (Ramsar Convention Secretariat). 2010. Inventory, assessment, and monitoring: an Integrated Framework for wetland inventory, assessment, and monitoring. Ramsar handbooks for the wise use of wetlands. 4th Ed. Vol. 13. Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Secretariat.
   Google Scholar
• Ruhí A, Herrmann J, Gascón S, Sala J, Geijer J, Boix D. 2012. Change in biological traits and community structure of macroinvertebrates through primary succession in a man-made Swedish wetland. Freshwater Science 31: 22–37. doi: 10.1899/11-018.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekiranda SBK, Okot-Okumu J, Bugenyi FWB, Ndawula LM, Gandhi P. 2004. Variation in composition of macro-benthic invertebrates as an indication of water quality status in three bays in Lake Victoria. Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 9(1): 396–411.
   Google Scholar
• Semlitsch RD. 2000. Size does matter. The value of small isolated wetlands. National Wetlands Newsletter January-February 5–7. Washington, DC, United States: Environmental Law Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Semlitsch RD, Bodie JR 1998. Are small, isolated wetlands expendable? Conservation Biology 12: 1129–1133. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.98166.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland WJ. 2013. Ecological census techniques. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Talling, J.F. 2011. Some distinctive subject contributions from tropical Africa to fundamental science of inland waters. Inland Waters 1(1): 61–73. doi: 10.5268/IW-1.1.398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organization). 2005. Ecosystem and human well-being: a report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman DA, Turner DA, Pearson DJ. 2005. Birds of Kenya and northern Tanzania. Princeton, New Jersey, United States: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar