References
- Adinkrah, M. (2013). Criminal prosecution of suicide attempt survivors in Ghana. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57(12), 1477–1497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X12456986
- AMA [Accra Metropolitan Assembly] (2014). Census on street children in the Greater Accra Region. Accra, Ghana: Author.
- Anarfi, J.K. (1997). Vulnerability to sexually transmitted disease: Street children in Accra. Health Transition Review, 7(supplement), 281–306.
- Awusabo-Asare, K., Biddlecom, A., Kumi-Kyereme, A., & Petterson, K. (2006). Adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Ghana: Results from the 2004 National Survey on Adolescents. New York: Guttmacher Institute.
- Barman-Adhikari, A., Bowen, E., Bender, K., Brown, S., & Rice, E. (2016). A social capital approach to identifying correlates of perceived social support among homeless youth. Child and Youth Care Forum, 45(5), 691–708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-016-9352-3
- Catholic Action for Street Children. (2010). The Ghanaian street child. Accra, Ghana: Catholic Action for Street Children.
- Cavanagh, J.T.O., Carson, A.J., Sharpe, M., & Lawrie, S.M. (2003). Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 33(3), 395–405. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291702006943
- Dietz, T.L. (2010). Substance misuse, suicidal ideations, and suicide attempts among a national sample of homeless. Journal of Social Service Research, 37(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2011.524511
- Embleton, L., Mwangi, A., Vreeman, R., Ayuku, D., & Braitstein, P. (2013). The epidemiology of substance use among street children in resource-constrained settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 108(10), 1722–1733. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12252
- Evans, E., Hawton, K., & Rodham, K. (2004). Factors associated with suicidal phenomena in adolescents: A systematic review of population-based studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(8), 957–979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.04.005
- Frederick, T.J., Kirst, M., & Erickson, P.G. (2012). Suicide attempts and suicidal ideations among street-involved youth in Toronto. Advances in Mental Health, 11(1), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.5172/jamh.2012.11.1.8
- Heerde, J.A., Hemphill, S.A., & Scholes-Balog, K.E. (2014). ‘Fighting’ for survival: A systematic review of physically violent behavior perpetrated and experienced by homeless young people. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(1), 50–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2013.12.002
- Hjelmeland, H., Osafo, J., Akotia, C.S., & Knizek, B.L. (2014). The law criminalizing attempted suicide in Ghana. Crisis, 35(2), 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000235
- Jorgensen, E.L., Jorgensen, S.L., Heard, M.P., & Whitbeck, L.B. (2010). Suicidal ideations among homeless youth: The impact of family dysfunction, morbidity and deliberate self-harm. National Institute of Health Public Access. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888618/pdf/nihms120118.pdf
- Kelly, K., & Caputo, T. (2007). Health and street/ homeless youth. Journal of Health Psychology, 12(5), 726–736. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105307080594
- Kidd, S.A. (2004). “The walls were closing in, and we were trapped”: A qualitative analysis of street youth suicide. Youth & Society, 36(1), 30–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X03261435
- Kidd, S.A., & Carroll, M.R. (2007). Coping and suicidality among homeless youth. Journal of Adolescence, 30(2), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.03.002
- Mars, B., Burrows, S., Hjelmeland, H., & Gunnell, D. (2014). Suicidal behaviour across the African continent: A review of the literature. BMC Public Health, 14(606), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-606
- Meel, B.L. (2003). Determinants of suicide in the Transkei sub-region of South Africa. Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine, 10(2), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-1131(03)00038-5
- Ministry of Women and Children Affair [MOWAC] (2012). Fifty thousand (50,000) children live on the streets of Ghana—statistics. Accra, Ghana: Author. Accessed on Nov 18, 2012 from http://digitaljournal.com/article/134172#ixzz1mcXGQbXm
- Moskowitz, A., Stein, J.A., & Lightfoot, M. (2013). The mediating roles of stress and maladaptive behaviors on self-harm and suicide attempts among runaway and homeless youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(7), 1015–1027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9793-4
- Oduro, G.Y. (2012). ‘Children of the street’: Sexual citizenship and the unprotected lives of Ghanaian street youth. Comparative Education, 48(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2011.637762
- Oppong Asante, K. (2015). The health and wellbeing of homeless youth in Ghana. PhD thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Oppong Asante, K. (2016). Street children and adolescents in Ghana: A qualitative study of trajectory and behavioural experiences of homelessness. Global Social Welfare : Research, Policy & Practice, 3(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-015-0039-8
- Oppong Asante, K., Meyer-Weitz, A., & Petersen, I. (2014). Substance use and sexual risky behaviour among street connected children and youth in Accra, Ghana. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 9(45), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-9-45
- Oppong Asante, K., Meyer-Weitz, A., & Petersen, I. (2015). Correlates of psychological functioning of homeless youth in Accra, Ghana: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 9(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-9-1
- Osafo, J., Akotia, C.S., Andoh-Arthur, J., & Quarshie, E.N.B. (2015). Attempted suicide in Ghana: Motivation, stigma, and coping. Death Studies, 39(5), 274–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2014.991955
- Osafo, J., Hjelmeland, H., Akotia, C.S., & Knizek, B. L. (2011). The meanings of suicidal behaviour to psychology students in Ghana: A qualitative approach. Transcultural Psychiatry, 48(5), 643–659. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461511417319
- Quarshie, E.N.B., Osafo, J., Akotia, C.S., & Peprah, J. (2015). Adolescent suicide in Ghana: A content analysis of media reports. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v10.27682
- Reddy, S.P., James, S., Sewpaul, R., Koopman, F., Funani, N.I., Sifunda, S., … Omardien, R.G. (2010). Umthente Uhlaba Usamila – The South African Youth Risk Behaviour Survey 2008. Cape Town: South African Medical Research Council.
- Rew, M., Taylor-Seehafer, M.L., & Fitzgerald, M.L. (2001). Sexual abuse, alcohol and other drug use, and suicidal behaviours in homeless adolescents. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 24(4), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/014608601753260326
- Roy, E., Haley, N., Leclerc, P., Sochanski, B., Boudreau, J.F., & Boivin, J.F. (2004). Mortality in a cohort of street youth in Montreal. Journal of the American Medical Association, 292(5), 569–574. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.5.569
- Swahn, M.H., Bossarte, R.M., Eliman, D.M., Gaylor, E., & Jayaraman, S. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideations and physical fighting: A comparison of students in Botswana, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and the Unites States. International Public Health Journal, 2(1), 195–205.
- Swahn, M.H., Palmier, J.B., Kasirye, R., & Yao, H. (2012). Correlates of suicide ideations and attempt among youth living in the slums of Kampala. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(2), 596–609. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9020596
- Tadesse, N., Ayele, T.A., Mengesha, Z.B., & Alene, K.A. (2013). High prevalence of HIV/AIDS risky sexual behaviors among street youth in Gondar town: A community based cross sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 6(234), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-6-234
- UNICEF (2011). Focus on Early-and-late-adolescence. Accessed on November 8, 2014 from www.unicef.org/sowc2011/pdfs/Early-and-late-adolescence.pdf
- UNICEF. (2012). The State of the World’s Children 2012: Children in an urban world. New York, NY: UNICEF.
- Whitbeck, L.B. (2009). Mental health and emerging adulthood among homeless young people. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
- World Health Organization [WHO] (2011). Suicide prevention (SUPRE). Accessed on 11October 2014, from http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/