Characteristics and value of the Thukela Banks crustacean and linefish fisheries, and the potential impacts of changes in river flow

References

• Bishara , NF. 1985 . Contributions to the biology of penaeid prawns in Lake Manzalah, Egypt. 1. Growth studies and length-weight relationship . Aquaculture , 8 : 337 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breen , C M , Adams , J , Batchelor , A , Cowley , P , Marneweck , G , McGwynne , L , McKenzie , M , Ngulube , P , Paterson , A , Sihlophe , N , Taljaard , S , Turpie , J , Uys , A C , van Niekerk , L , Wood , A , Lamberth , S J , Boyd , A and Morant , P . 2004 . Eastern Cape Estuaries Management Programme, Volumes I and II. WRC Report No. 1246/1/04 , Pretoria : Water Research Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Cyrus , D P , Vivier , L and Jerling , H L . 2010 . Effect of hypersaline and low lake conditions on ecological functioning of St Lucia estuarine system, South Africa: an overview 2002–2008 . Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 86 : 535 – 542 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Silva , A J . 1985 . “ River runoff and shrimp abundance in a tropical coastal ecosystem—the example of the Sofala Bank (central Mozambique) ” . In NATO advanced research workshop on the role of freshwater outflow in coastal marine ecosystems. NATO ASI Series , Edited by: Skreslet , S . Vol. G7 , 329 – 344 . Berlin : Springer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Demetriades , NT. 1990 . Some aspects of the population dynamics of the three commercially important shallow water penaeid prawns. MSc thesis , Durban, , South Africa : University of Natal .
   Google Scholar
• Demetriades , N T . 1998 . “ Shallow water prawn catches on the Tugela Bank, KwaZulu Natal ” . Unpublished report prepared for the KZN Crustacean Trawling Association
   Google Scholar
• Demetriades , N T , Forbes , A T , Mwanyama , N and Quinn , N W . 2000 . Damming the Thukela River: impacts on the Thukela Bank shallow water prawn resource . Unpublished report prepared for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
   Google Scholar
• DEAT (Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism) . 2008 . Recommendations for the sustainable management of the KwaZulu-Natal trawl fishery. Unpublished report , Cape Town : Marine and Coastal Management, Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism .
   Google Scholar
• Dollar , E SJ , Brown , C A , Turpie , J K , Joubert , A R , Nicolson , C R and Manyaka , S . 2006 . “ The development of the Water Resource Classification System (WRCS) ” . In Overview and 7-step classification procedure , Vol. 1 , Pretoria : Council for Science and Industrial Research and Department of Water Affairs and Forestry .
   Google Scholar
• DWA (Department of Water Affairs) . 2010 . Feasibility study into the potential development of further surface water supply schemes for the Western Cape: comprehensive assessment of the ecological water requirements for the Berg River Estuary. Appendix J: Economics. Report No. RDM/K10 , Pretoria : DWA .
   Google Scholar
• DWAF (Department of Water Affairs and Forestry) . 2004 . Thukela Bank: impacts of flow scenarios on prawn and fish catch report—reserve determination study—Thukela River system . DWAF Report No. PBV000–00-10310. Available at dwaf.gov.za/RDM/higherConfidence.asp [accessed September 2009]
   Google Scholar
• Emanuel , B P , Bustamante , R H , Branch , G M , Eekhout , S and Odendaal , F J . 1992 . “ A zoogeographic and functional approach to the selection of marine reserves on the west coast of South Africa ” . In Benguela trophic functioning. South African Journal of Marine Science Edited by: Payne , A IL , Brink , K H , Mann , K H and Hilborn , R . Vol. 12 , 341 – 354 .
   Google Scholar
• FAO . 2003 . “ Capture production, 2001 ” . In The FAO yearbook of fishery statistics , Vol. 92 , Rome : Food and Agricultural Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Fennessy , ST. 1994 . An investigation of the ichthyofaunal by-catch of the Tugela Bank prawn trawlers. MSc thesis , Durban, , South Africa : University of Natal .
   Google Scholar
• Fennessy , S T and Groeneveld , J C . 1997 . A review of the offshore trawl fishery for crustaceans on the east coast of South Africa . Fisheries Management and Ecology , 4 : 135 – 147 .
   Google Scholar
• Fennessy , S T , Robertson , W D , Sink , K , Kruger , A , Everett , B I , Fielding , P J and Celliers , L . 2000 . A further contribution to the potential impacts of damming the Thukela River on the marine environment. Unpublished report no. 180 , Durban : South African Association for Marine Biological Research .
   Google Scholar
• Flemming , B and Hay , R . 1988 . “ Sediment distribution and dynamics on the Natal continental shelf ” . In Coastal ocean studies off Natal, South Africa , Edited by: Schumann , E H . 47 – 80 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Forbes , B P and Demetriades , N T . 2005 . A review of the commercial, shallow water penaeid prawn resource of South Africa . Unpublished report prepared for zemvelo KZN Wildlife. Available at www.nmmu.ac.za/cerm/
   Google Scholar
• Gillanders , B M and Kingsford , M J . 2002 . Impact of changes in flow of freshwater on estuarine and open coastal habitats and the associated organisms . Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review , 40 : 233 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaister , J P . 1978 . The impact of river discharge on distribution and production of the school prawn Metapenaeus macleayi (Haswell) (Crustacea: Penaeidae) in the Clarence River region, northern New South Wales . Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 28 : 311 – 323 .
   Google Scholar
• Groeneveld , J C and Melville-Smith , R . 1995 . Spatial and temporal availability in the multispecies crustacean trawl fishery along the east coast of South Africa and southern Moçambique, 1988–1993 . South African Journal of Marine Science , 15 : 123 – 136 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoguane , AM. 1998 . “ Shrimp abundance and river runoff in Sofala Bank—the role of the Zambezi ” . In The sustainable utilisation of the Cahora Bassa Dam and the valley of the lower Zambezi. Proceedings of the Cahora Bassa Workshop, Songo, 29 September–October 02, 1997 , Edited by: Davies , B R . 16 Maputo : Arquivos do Patrimonial Cultural .
   Google Scholar
• Hutchings , K , Lamberth , S J and Turpie , J K . 2002 . Socio-economic characteristics of gillnet and beach-seine fishers in the Western Cape, South Africa . South African Journal of Marine Science , 24 : 243 – 262 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacquet , J , Fox , H , Motta , H , Ngusaru , A and Zeller , D . 2010 . Few data but many fish: marine small-scale fisheries catches for Mozambique and Tanzania . African Journal of Marine Science , 32 : 197 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamberth , S J , Drapeau , L and Branch , G M . 2009 . The effects of altered freshwater inflows on catch rates of non-estuarine-dependent fish in a multispecies nearshore linefishery . Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 84 : 527 – 538 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamberth , S J and Turpie , J K . 2003 . The role of estuaries in South African fisheries: economic importance and management implications . African Journal of Marine Science , 25 : 131 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maschii , T and Rodriguez , E F . 1990 . Stock assessment of penaeid shrimps in Peru and the influence of river discharge on the shrimp resource . Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries , 77 : 9 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• McGrath , M D , Horner , C MM , Brouwer , S L , Lamberth , S J , Mann , B Q , Sauer , W HH and Erasmus , C . 1997 . An economic evaluation of the South African linefishery . South African Journal of Marine Science , 18 : 203 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Penney , A J , Mann-Lang , J B , Van Der Elst , R P and Wilke , C G . 1999 . Long-term trends in catch and effort in the KwaZulu-Natal nearshore linefisheries . South African Journal of Marine Science , 21 : 51 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Robins , J B , Halliday , I A , Staunton Smith , J , Mayer , D G and Sellin , M J . 2005 . Freshwater-flow requirements of estuarine fisheries in tropical Australia: a review of the state of knowledge and application of a suggested approach . Marine and Freshwater Research , 56 : 343 – 360 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RSA (Republic of South Africa) . 1998 . National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998) . Government Gazette, South Africa , 398 ( 19182 )
   Google Scholar
• Sauer , W HH , Hecht , T , Britz , P J and Mather , D . 2002a . An economic and sectoral study of the South African fishing industry. Volume 1. Economic and regulatory principles, survey results, transformation and socio-economic impact. Unpublished report prepared for Marine and Coastal Management by Envirofish Africa , Grahamstown : Rhodes University .
   Google Scholar
• Sauer , W HH , Hecht , T , Britz , P J and Mather , D . 2002b . “ An economic and sectoral study of the South African fishing industry ” . In Fishery profiles. Unpublished report prepared for Marine and Coastal Management by Envirofish Africa , Vol. 2 , Rhodes University .
   Google Scholar
• Sink , K J , Branch , G M and Harris , J M . 2005 . Biogeographic patterns in rocky intertidal communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa . African Journal of Marine Science , 27 : 81 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staples , DJ. 1986 . “ Modelling the recruitment processes of the banana prawn Penaeus merguiensis in the southeastern gulf of Carpentaria, Australia ” . In Second Australian National Prawn Seminar, NPS2 , Edited by: Rothlisberg , P C , Hill , B J and Staples , D J . Cleveland, Queensland : CSRIO .
   Google Scholar
• Tomalin , B J . 1998 . “ KwaZulu-Natal deepwater crustacean trawling ” . In Report on research during the period April 1997 to March 1998. Unpublished report no. 153 , 23 – 28 . Durban : South African Association for Marine Biological Research .
   Google Scholar
• Turpie , J K , Joubert , A R and Mander , M . 2000 . Framework and methodology for incorporation of economics into resource directed measures and the strategic adaptive management of water resources in South Africa . Report to the Institute of Natural Resources and Water Research Commission
   Google Scholar
• van Ballegooyen , R C , Taljaard , S , van Niekerk , L , Lamberth , S J , Theron , A K and Weerts , S P . 2007 . Freshwater flow dependency in South African marine ecosystems: a proposed assessment framework and initial assessment of South African marine ecosystems. WRC Report No. KV 191/07 , Pretoria : Water Research Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Elst , R P and Fennessy , S T . 1990 . An investigation into the discard catch of the Tugela Bank prawn trawlers. Report on research during the period April 1989 to March 1990. Unpublished report 66 , 39 – 48 . Durban : Oceanographic Research Institute .
   Google Scholar