References
- Anderson , M J and Underwood , A J . 1997 . Effects of gastropod grazers on recruitment and succession of an estuarine assemblage: a multivariate and univariate approach . Oecologia , 109 : 442 – 453 .
- Barnard , K H . 1924 . Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa . Annals of the South African Museum , 20 : 1 – 103 . pl. 1
- Boaventura , D , Alexander , M , Della Santini , P , Smith , N D , Ré , P , da Fonseca , L C and Hawkins , S J . 2002 . The effects of grazing on the distribution and composition of low-shore algal communities on the central coast of Portugal and on the southern coast of Britain . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 267 : 185 – 206 .
- Branch , G M . 1975 . The ecology of Patella from the Cape Peninsula, South Africa . Zoologica Africana , 10 : 133 – 162 .
- Branch , G M . 1976 . Interspecific competition experienced by South African Patella species . Journal of Animal Ecology , 45 : 507 – 529 .
- Branch , G M . 1981 . The biology of limpets: physical factors, energy flow, and ecological interactions . Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review , 19 : 235 – 380 .
- Branch , G M . 1985a . “ Competition: its role in ecology and evolution in intertidal communities ” . In Species and speciation , Edited by: Vrba , E S . 97 – 104 . Pretoria : Transvaal Museum .
- Branch , G M . 1985b . “ Limpets: their role in littoral and sublittoral community dynamics ” . In The ecology of rocky coasts , Edited by: Moore , P G and Seed , R . 97 – 116 . New York : Columbia University Press .
- Branch , G M . 1985c . Limpets: evolution and adaptation . The Mollusca , 10 : 187 – 217 .
- Branch , G M and Branch , M , eds. 1981 . The living shores of southern Africa , Cape Town : Struik Publishers .
- Branch , G M , Griffiths , C L , Branch , M L and Beckley , L E , eds. 1994 . Two oceans: a guide to the marine life of southern Africa , Cape Town : David Philip Publishers .
- Branch , G M and Odendaal , F . 2003 . The effects of marine protected areas on the population dynamics of a South African limpet, Cymbula oculus, relative to the influence of wave action . Biological Conservation , 114 : 255 – 269 .
- Connell , J H . 1972 . Community interactions on marine rocky intertidal shores . Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , 3 : 169 – 192 .
- Creese , R G and Underwood , A J . 1982 . Analysis of inter- and intraspecific competition amongst intertidal limpets with different methods of feeding . Oecologia , 53 : 337 – 346 .
- Day , J H , ed. 1969 . A guide to marine life on South African shores , Cape Town : AA Balkema .
- Dayton , P K . 1971 . Competition, disturbance and community organisation: the provision and subsequent utilisation of space in a rocky intertidal community . Ecological Monographs , 41 : 351 – 389 .
- Dayton , P K . 1975 . Experimental evaluation of ecological dominance in a rocky intertidal algal community . Ecological Monographs , 45 : 137 – 159 .
- Dring , M J , ed. 1982 . The biology of marine plants , London : Edward Arnold .
- Dye , A H . 1993 . Recolonization of intertidal macroalgae in relation to gap size and molluscan herbivory on a rocky shore on the east coast of southern Africa . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 95 : 263 – 271 .
- Dye , A H . 1995 . The effects of excluding limpets from the lower balanoid zone of rocky shores in Transkei, South Africa . South African Journal of Marine Science , 15 : 9 – 15 .
- Farrell , T M . 1991 . Models and mechanisms of succession: an example from a rocky intertidal community . Ecological Monographs , 61 : 95 – 113 .
- Hawkins , S J and Harkin , E . 1985 . Preliminary canopy removal experiments in algal dominated communities low on the shore and in the shallow subtidal on the Isle of Man . Botanica Marina , 28 : 223 – 230 .
- Jones , G . 2008 . A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula , Cape Town : Southern Underwater Research Group .
- Lasiak , T . 1999 . The putative impact of exploitation on rocky infratidal macrofaunal assemblages: a multiple-area comparison . Journal of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 79 : 23 – 34 .
- Lasiak , T . 2006 . Spatial variation in density and biomass of patellid limpets inside and outside a marine protected area . Journal of Molluscan Studies , 72 : 137 – 142 .
- Little , C and Kitching , J A , eds. 1996 . The biology of rocky shores , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Lubchenco , J . 1980 . Algal zonation in the New England rocky intertidal community: an experimental analysis . Ecology , 61 : 333 – 344 .
- Lubchenco , J and Gaines , S D . 1981 . A unified approach to marine-plant herbivore interactions. I. Populations and communities . Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , 12 : 405 – 437 .
- Lubchenco , J and Menge , B A . 1978 . Community development and persistence in a low rocky intertidal zone . Ecological Monographs , 59 : 67 – 94 .
- Maneveldt , G W and Keats , D W . 2008 . Effects of herbivore grazing on the physiognomy of the coralline alga Spongites yendoi and on associated competitive interactions . African Journal of Marine Science , 30 : 581 – 593 .
- McQuaid , C D and Froneman , P W . 1993 . Mutualism between the territorial intertidal limpet Patella longicosta and the crustose alga Ralfsia verrucosa . Oecologia , 96 : 128 – 133 .
- Nicotri , M E . 1977 . Grazing effects of four marine intertidal herbivores on the microflora . Ecology , 58 : 1020 – 1032 .
- Paine , R T and Vadas , R L . 1969 . The effects of grazing by sea urchins, Strongylocentrous spp., on benthic algal populations . Limnology and Oceanography , 14 : 710 – 719 .
- Proudfoot , L , Kaehler , S , McGarry , D K , Uppink , P A , Aereboe , M and Morris , K M . 2006 . Exploitation status of infralittoral abalone (Haliotis midae) and alikreukel (Turbo sarmaticus) in the southern section of the Eastern Cape coast, South Africa . South African Journal of Science , 102 : 162 – 168 .
- Raffaelli , D and Hawkins , S . 1996 . Intertidal ecology , London : Chapman and Hall .
- Sousa , W P and Connell , J H . 1992 . “ Grazing and succession in marine algae ” . In Plant-animal interactions in the marine benthos , Edited by: John , D M , Hawkins , S J and Price , J H . 425 – 441 . Oxford : Clarendon Press .
- Stephenson , T A and Stephenson , A . 1949 . The universal features of zonation between tide-marks on rocky coasts . Journal of Ecology , 37 : 289 – 305 .
- Stephenson , T A and Stephenson , A , eds. 1972 . Life between tidemarks on rocky shores , San Francisco : WH Freeman and Company .
- Underwood , A J . 1980 . The effects of grazing by gastropods and physical factors on the upper limits of distribution of intertidal macroalgae . Oecologia , 46 : 201 – 213 .
- Underwood , A J . 1992 . “ Competition and marine plant-animal interactions ” . In Plant-animal interactions in the marine benthos , Edited by: John , D M , Hawkins , S J and Price , J H . 443 – 475 . Oxford : Clarendon Press .
- Underwood , A J and Jernakoff , P . 1981 . Effects of interactions between algae and grazing gastropods on the structure of a low-shore intertidal algal community . Oecologia , 48 : 221 – 233 .
- Underwood , A J and Jernakoff , P . 1984 . The effects of tidal height, wave-exposure, seasonality and rock-pools on grazing and the distribution of intertidal macroalgae in New South Wales . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 75 : 71 – 96 .