References
- Mattar SE, Valera FC, Faria G, Matsumoto MA, Anselmo-Lima WT. Changes in facial morphology after adenotonsillectomy in mouth-breathing children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2011;21:389–96.
- Souki BQ, Lopes PB, Pereira TB, Franco LP, Becker HM, Oliveira DD. Mouth breathing children and cephalometric pattern: does the stage of dental development matter? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012;76:837–41.
- Souki BQ, Pimenta GB, Souki MQ, Franco LP, Becker HMG, Pinto JA. Prevalence of malocclusion among mouth breathing children: do expectations meet reality? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2009;73:767–73.
- Mahony D, Karsten A, Linder-Aronson S. Effects of adenoidectomy and changed mode of breathing on incisor and molar dentoalveolar heights and anterior face heights. Aust Orthod J 2004;20:93–8.
- Solow B, Siersbaek-Nielsen S. Growth changes in head posture related to craniofacial development. Am J Orthod 1986;89:132–40.
- Tourne LP, Schweiger J. Immediate postural responses to total nasal obstruction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;110:606–11.
- Harari D, Redlich M, Miri S, Hamud T, Gross M. The effect of mouth breathing versus nasal breathing on dentofacial and craniofacial development in orthodontic patients. Laryngoscope 2010;120:2089–93.
- Gungor A, Turkkahraman H. Effects of airway problems on maxillary growth: a review. Eur J Dent 2009;3:250–4.
- Major MP, Flores-Mir C, Major PW. Assessment of lateral cephalometric diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy and posterior upper airway obstruction: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;130:700–8.
- Johannesson S. Roentgenologic investigation of the nasopharyngeal tonsil in children of different ages. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stock) 1968;7:299–304.
- Fujioka M, Young LW, Girdany BR. Radiographic evaluation of adenoidal size in children: adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio. Am J Roentgenol 1979;133:401–4.
- Cohen D, Konak S. The evaluation of radiographs of the nasopharynx. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1985;10:73–8.
- McNamara JA. A method of cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod 1984;86:449–69.
- Proffit WR, Fields H, Server DM. Contemporary orthodontics. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2007.
- Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA. The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Semin Orthod 2005;11:119–29.
- Faria PTM, Ruellas ACO, Matsumoto MAN, Anselmo-Lima WT, Pereira FC. Dentofacial morphology of mouth breathing children. Braz Dent J 2002;13:129–32.
- Subtelny JD. Oral respiration: facial maldevelopment and corrective dentofacial orthopedics. Angle Orthod 1980;50:147–64.
- Bresolin D, Shapiro PA, Shapiro GG, Chapko MK, Dassel S. Mouth breathing in allergic children: its relationship to dentofacial development. Am J Orthod 1983;83:334–40.
- Freng A, Kvam E. Facial sagittal growth following partial, basal resection of the nasal septum: a retrospective study in man. Eur J Orthod 1979;1:89–96.