References
- Cooper SM, Sims MR. Evidence of acute inflammation in the periodontal ligament subsequent to orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Aust Orthod J 1989;11:107–9.
- Santamaria M Jr, Milagres D, Stuani AS, Stuani MB, Ruellas AC. Initial changes in pulpal microvasculature during orthodontic tooth movement: a stereological study. Eur J Orthod 2006;28:217–20.
- Vandevska-Radunovic V, Kristiansen AB, Heyeraas KJ, Kvinnsland S. Changes in blood circulation in teeth and supporting tissues incident to experimental tooth movement. Eur J Orthod 1994;16:361–9.
- Unsterseher RE, Nieberg LG, Weimer AD, Dyer JK. The response of human pulpal tissue after orthodontic force application. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1987;92:220–4.
- Gazelius B, Lindh-Stro¨mberg U, Pettersson H, Oberg PA. Laser Doppler technique–a future diagnostic tool for tooth pulp vitality. Int Endod J 1993;26:8–9.
- Sano Y, Ikawa M, Sugawara J, Horiuchi H, Mitani H. The effect of continuous intrusive force on human pulpal blood flow. Eur J Orthod 2002;24:159–66.
- Hamilton RS, Gutmann JL. Endodontic-orthodontic relationships: a review of integrated treatment planning challenges. Int Endod J 1999;32:343–60.
- Deguchi T, Takano-Yamamoto T, Kanomi R, Hartsfield JK Jr, Roberts WE, Garetto LP. The use of small titanium screws for orthodontic anchorage. J Dent Res 2003;82:377–81.
- Barwick PJ, Ramsay DS. Effect of brief intrusive force on human pulpal blood flow. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;110:273–9.
- Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005. p 5–116.
- Brodin P, Linge L, Aars H. Instant assessment of pulpal blood flow after orthodontic force application. J Orofac Orthop 1996;57:306–9.
- Guevara MJ, McClugage SG. Effects of intrusive forces upon the microvasculature of the dental pulp. Angle Orthod 1980;50:129–34.
- Stenvik A, Mjör IA. Pulp and dentine reactions to experimental tooth intrusion. A histological study of the initial changes. Am J Orthod 1970;57:370–85.
- Stenvik A, Mjör IA. The effect of experimental tooth intrusion on pulp and dentine. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1971;32:639–48.
- Raiden G, Missana L, Santamaria de Torres E, Kozuszko S, Pedroso R. Pulpal response to intrusive orthodontic forces. Acta Odontol Latinoam 1998;11:49–54.
- Ikawa M, Fujiwara M, Horiuchi H, Shimauchi H. The effect of short-term tooth intrusion on human pulpal blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Arch Oral Biol 2001;46:781–7.
- Grunheid T, Morbach BA, Zenter A. Pulpal cellular reactions to experimental tooth movement in rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104:434–41.
- Ramazanzadeh BA, Sahhafian AA, Mohtasham N, Hassanzadeh N, Jahanbin A, Shakeri MT. Histological changes in human dental pulp following application of intrusive and extrusive orthodontic forces. J Oral Sci 2009;51:109–15.
- Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary orthodontics. 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 2007. p 331–48.
- Woodside DG, Berger JL, Hanson GH. Self-ligation orthodontics with the speed appliance. In Graber TM, Vanarsdall RL, Vig KW, editors. Orthodontics: current principles and techniques. 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 2005.
- Bernick S. Age changes in the blood supply to human teeth. J Dent Res 1967;46:544–50.
- Morse DR. Age-related changes of the dental pulp complex and their relation to systemic aging. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;72:721–45.
- Gopikrishna V, Tinagupta K, Kandaswamy K. Comparison of electrical, thermal and pulse oximetry methods for assessing pulp vitality in recently traumatized teeth. J Endod 2007;33:531–5.
- Ingle JI, Heithersay GS, Hartwell GR. Endodontic diagnostic procedures. In Ingle JI, Bakland LK, editors. Endodontics. 5th ed. London: BC Decker Inc; 2002. p 203–17.
- Sailus J, Trowbridge H, Greco M, Emling R. Sensitivity of teeth subjected to orthodontic forces. J Dent Res 1987;66:abstract 556.
- Ingolfsson AER, Tronstad L, Riva CE. Reliability of laser Doppler flowmetry in testing vitality of human teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1994;10:185–7.
- Odor TM, Pitt Ford TR, McDonald F. Effect of wavelength and bandwidth on the clinical reliability of laser Doppler recordings. Endod Dent Traumatol 1996a;12:9–15.
- Hartmann A, Azerad J, Boucher Y. Environmental effects on laser Doppler pulpal blood-flow measurements in man. Arch Oral Biol 1996;41:333–9.
- Soo-ampon S, Vongsavan N, Soo-ampon M, Chuckpaiwong S, Matthews B. The sources of laser Doppler blood-flow signals recorded from human teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2003;48:353–60.
- Akpinar KE, Er K, Polat S, Polat NT. Effect of gingiva on laser Doppler pulpal blood flow measurements. J Endod 2004;30:138–40.
- Odor TM, Watson TF, Pitt Ford TR, McDonald F. Pattern of transmission of laser light in teeth. Int Endod J 1996b;29:228–34.
- Okabe E, Todoki K, Ito H. Direct pharmacological action of vasoactive substances on pulpal blood flow: an analysis and critique. J Endod 1989;15:473–7.
- Olgart LM, Edwall B, Gazelius B. Neurogenic mediators in control of pulpal blood flow. J Endod 1989;15:409–12.
- Matthews B, Vongsavan N. Advantages and limitations of laser Doppler flow meters. Int Endod J 1993;26:9–10.
- Ikawa M, Komatsu H, Ikawa K, Mayanagi H, Shimauchi H. Age-related changes in the human pulpal blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Dent Traumatol 2003;19:36–40.
- Vongsavan N, Matthews B. Experiments on extracted teeth into the validity of using laser Doppler techniques for recording pulpal blood flow. Arch Oral Biol 1993;38:431–9.
- Anderson KK, Vanarsdall RL, Kim S. Measurement of pulpal blood flow in humans using laser Doppler flowmetry: a technique allowing stability and repeatability of pulpal blood flow measurement during surgical manipulations. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 1995;10:247–54.