In vitro effects of hydrogen peroxide combined with different activators for the in-office bleaching technique on enamel

References

• Rezende M, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz S. Clinical effects of exposure to coffee during at-home vital bleaching. Oper Dent 2013;38:229–36.
   Google Scholar
• Kihn P. Vital tooth whitening. Dent Clin North Am 2007;51:319–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Attin T, Betke H, Schippan F, Wiegand A. Potential of fluoridated carbamide peroxide gels to support postbleaching enamel re-hardening. J Dent 2007;35:755–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buchalla W, Attin T. External bleaching therapy with activation by heat, light or laser - A systematic review. Dent Mat 2007;23:586–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joiner A. The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. J Dent 2006;34:412–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basting RT, Amaral FLB, França FMG, Flório FM. Clinical comparative study of the effectiveness and tooth sensitivity to 10% and 20% carbamide peroxide home-use and 38% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching materials containing desensitizing agents. Oper Dent 2012;37:464–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima DA, Aguiar FH, Liporoni PC, Munin E, Ambrosando GM, Lovadino JR. Influence of chemical or physical catalysts on high concentration bleaching agents. Eur J Esthet Dent 2011;6:454–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lima D, Aguiar FH, Liporoni P, Munin E, Ambrosano G, Lovadino JR. In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of bleaching agents activated by different light sources. J Phrosthod 2009;18:249–54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Price RB, Sedarous M, Hiltz GS. The pH of tooth-whitening products. J Can Dent Assoc 2000;66:421–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shannon H, Spencer P, Gross K, Tira D. Characterization of enamel exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents. Quint Int 1993;24:39–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sulieman M. An overview of bleaching techniques: I. History, chemistry, safety and legal aspects. Dent Update 2004;31:608–16.
   Google Scholar
• Dawes C. What is the critical pH and why does a tooth dissolve in acid? J Can Dent Assoc 2003;69:722–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sa Y, Sun L, Wang Z, Ma X, Liang S, Xing W, et al. Effects of two in-office bleaching agents with different pH on the structure of human enamel: an in situ and in vitro study. Oper Dent 2013;38:100–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basting RT, Rodrigues ALJr, Serra MC. The effect of 10% carbamide peroxide, carbopol and/or glycerin on enamel and dentin microhardness. Oper Dent 2005;30:608–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• da Silva AP, de Oliveira R, Cavalli V, Arrais CA, Giannini M, de Carvalho RM. Effect of peroxide-based bleaching agents on enamel ultimate tensile strength. Oper Dent 2005;30:318–24.
   Google Scholar
• Cavalli V, Rodrigues LKA, Paes-Leme AF, Soares LES, Martins AA, Berger SB, et al. Effects of the addition of fluoride and calcium to low-concentrated carbamide peroxide agents on the enamel surface and subsurface. Photomed Laser Surg 2011;29:319–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesar I, Soares LE, Alves L, Martin A, Munin E, Liporoni P. FT-Raman and Reflectance studies on dental enamel bleached with hydrogen peroxide activated by LED/Laser system. Photomed Laser Surg 2009;27:913–19.
   Google Scholar
• Burgmaier GM, Schulze I, Attin T. Influence of pre-treatment with carbamide peroxide on fluoride uptake in enamel. J Oral Rehab 2002;29:799–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potocnik I, Kosec L, Gaspersic D. Effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on enamel microhardness, microstructure, and mineral content. J Endod 2000;26:203–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perdigão J, Francci C, Swift EJ, Ambrose WW, Lopes M. Ultra-morphological study of the interaction of dentinal adhesives with carbamide peroxide-bleached enamel. Am J Dent 1998;11:291–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCracken M, Haywood V. Demineralization effects of 10 percent carbamide peroxide. J Dent 1996;24:395–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eimar H, Siciliano R, Abdallah M, Nader SA, Amin WM, Martinez P, et al. Hydrogen peroxide whitens teeth by oxidizing the organic strucuture. J Dent 2012;2(Suppl):e25–33.
   Google Scholar
• Rotstein I, Dankner E, Goldman A, Heling I, Stabholz A, Zalkind M. Histochemical analysis of dental hard tissues following bleaching. J Endod 1996;22:23–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chase B. Fourier transform raman spectroscopy. Analytic Chem 1987;59:881A–9A.
   Google Scholar
• Berger SB, Cavalli V, Martin AA, Soares LES, Arruda MAZ, Brancalion ML. Effects of combined use of light irradiation and 35% hydrogen peroxide for dental bleaching on human mineral content. Photomed Laser Surg 2010;28:533–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Mihailova B, Klocke A, Fittschen UE, Heidrich S, Hill M, et al. Side effects of a non-peroxide-based home bleaching agent on dental enamel. J Biomed Mat Res 2009;88:195–204.
   Google Scholar
• Hannig C, Hamkens A, Becker K, Attin R, Attin T. Erosive effects of different acids on bovine enamel: release of calcium and phosphate in vitro. Arc Oral Biol 2005;50:541–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun L, Liang S, Sa Y, Wang Z, Ma X, Jiang T, et al. Surface alteration of human tooth enamel subjected to acidic and neutral 30% hydrogen peroxide. J Dent 2011;39:686–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang T, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Tong H, Hu J. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on human dentin structure. J Dent Res 2007;86:1040–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park H, Kwon T, Nam S, Kim H, Kim K. Changes in bovine enamel after treatment with a 30 % hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent. Dent Mat J 2004;23:517–21.
   Google Scholar
• Bistey T, Nagy JP, Simó A, Hegedus C. In vitro FT-IR study of the effects of hydrogen peroxide on superficial tooth enamel. J Dent 2007;35:325–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siqueira WL, Custodio W, McDonald EE. New insights into the composition and functions of the acquired enamel pellicle. J Dent Res 2012;91:1110–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sa Y, Wang Z, Ma X, Ma X, Lei C, Liang S, et al. Investigation of three home-applied bleaching agents on enamel structure and mechanical properties: an in situ study. J Biomed Opt 2012;17:035002.
   Google Scholar
• Sa Y, Chen D, Liu Y, Wen W, Xu M, Jiang T, et al. Effects of two in-office bleaching agents with different pH values on enamel surface structure and color: an in situ vs. in vitro study. J Dent 2012;1(Suppl):e26–34.
   Google Scholar
• Sun G. The role of lasers in cosmetic dentistry. Dent Clin North Am 2000;44:831–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanlon EB, Manoharan R, Koo TW, Shafer KE, Motz JT, Fitzmaurice M, et al. Prospects for in vivo Raman spectroscopy. Phys Med Biol 2000;45:R1–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar