References
- Baust W, Berlucci G. Reflex response to clicks of cat's tensor tympani during sleep and wakefulness and the influence thereon of the auditory cortex. Arch Ital Biol 1964; 102: 686–712
- Borg E, Moeller A R. Effect of central depressants on the acoustic middle ear reflex in rabbit. Acta Physiol Scand 1975; 94: 327–88
- Carmel P, Starr A. Acoustic and nonacoustic factors modifying middle ear muscle activity in waking cats. J Neurophysiol 1963; 26: 598–616
- Pradhan S N, Galambos R. Some effects of anesthetics on the evoked responses in the auditory cortex of cats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1963; 139: 97–106
- Goff W R, Allison T, Lyons W, Fisher T C, Conte R. Origins of short latency auditory evoked potentials in man. Prog Clin Neurophysiol 1977; 2: 30–44
- Harada K, Ichikawa G, Koh M, Uchiclida T. Effects of anesthesia on the middle latency components in cat. Audiol Jap 1980; 23: 150–8
- Buchwald J S, Weber D S, Holstein S B, Grover F S, Schwafel J A. Quantified unit background activity in the waking cat during paralysis, anesthesia and cochlear destruction. Brain Res 1969; 15: 465–82
- Buchwald J S, Hinman C, Norman R J, Huang C M, Brown K A. Middle- and long-latency auditory evoked response recorded from the vertex of normal and chronically lesioned cats. Brain Res 1981; 205: 91–109
- Bobbin R P, May J G, Lemoine R L. Effects of pentobarbital and ketamine on brainstem auditory potentials. Arch Otolaryngol 1979; 105: 467–70
- Cohen M, Britt R. Effects of anesthetics on the brainstem evoked response. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1981; 7: 282
- Kaga K, Takahashi K, Suzuki I. Effects of pentobarbital and ketamine intoxication on auditory brain stem evoked responses in cat. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1977; 43: 895
- Marsh R R, Frewen T C, Sutton L N, Potsic W P. Resistance of the auditory brainstem response to high barbiturate levels. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1984; 92: 685–688
- Sutton L N, Frewen T, Marsh R, Jaggi J, Bruce D. The effects of deep barbiturate coma on multimodality evoked potentials. J Neurosurg 1982; 57: 178–85
- Goth A. Medical pharmacology. Principles and concepts. 7th ed. C.V. Mosby, St Louis 1974
- Bosatra A, Russolo M, Poli P. Modifcations of the stapedius muscle reflex under spontaneous and experimental brain-stem impairment. Acta Otolaryngol 1975; 80: 61–6
- Borg E, Moeller A R. Effect of ethylalcohol and pentobarbital sodium on the acoustic middle ear reflex in man. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1967; 64: 415–26
- Robinette M S, Rhoads E P, Marion M W. Effects of secobarbital on impedance audiometry. Arch Otolaryngol 1974; 100: 351–3
- Starr A, Achor J. Auditory brainstem responses in neurological disease. Arch Neurol 1975; 32: 761–8
- Newlon P G, Greenberg R P, Enas G G, Becker D P. Effects of therapeutic pentobarbital coma on multimodality evoked potentials recorded from severely head-injured patients. Neurosurgery 1983; 12: 613–9
- Rossi G T, Britt R H. Effects of hypothermia on the cat brain-stem auditory evoked response. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1984; 57: 143–55
- Marshall N K, Donchin E. Circadian variation in the latency of brainstem response and its relation to body temperature. Science 1981; 212: 356–8
- Hall J W, III, Jerger J F. Impedance audiometry. Speech, language, and hearing. Vol. III. Hearing disorders, N J Lass, L V McReynolds, J L Northern, D E Yoder. WB Saunders, Philadelphia 1982; 968–81
- Hersen M, Barlow D H. Single-case experimental designs: strategies for studying behavior change. Pergamon Press, New York 1976
- Kazdin A E. Statistical analyses for single-case experimental designs. Single case experimental designs, M Hersen, D H Barlow. Pergamon Press, New York 1976; 265–316
- Michael J. Statistical inference for individual organism research: mixed blessing or curse?. J Applied Behav Anal 1974; 7: 647–53
- Moruzzi G, Magoun H W. Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1949; 1: 455–73
- French J D, Amerongen F K, Magoun H W. An activating system in the brain stem of monkey. Arch Neurol Psychiatry (Chicago) 1952; 68: 577–90
- French J D, Verzeano M, Magoun H W. An extra-lemniscal sensory system in the brain. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1953; 69: 505–18
- Arduini A, Arduini M G. Effect of drugs and metabolic alterations on brain stem arousal mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Therap 1954; 110: 76–85
- Holstein S B, Buchwald J S, Schwafel J A. Tone response patterns of the auditory nuclei during normal wakefulness, paralysis and anesthesia. Brain Res 1969; 15: 483–99
- Dafny N. Neurophysiological approach as a tool to study the effects of drugs on the central nervous system: Dose effect of pentobarbital. Exp Neurol 1978; 59: 263–74
- Nakai Y, Shimamoto K, Takaori S, Matsuoka I. Influence of central depressants on the central auditory response in the cat. Int Audiol 1966; 5: 176–9
- Nakai Y, Takaori S, Shimamoto K. Effects of central depressants on the evoked potentials in the inferior colliculus caused by acoustic stimuli in the cat. Jap J Pharmacol 1965; 15: 201–9
- Hungerbruhler J P, Saunders J C, Greenberg J, Reivich M. Functional neuroanatomy of the auditory cortex studies with (2–14C) deoxyglucose. Exp Neurol 1981; 71: 104–21
- Kiang N Y, Neame J H, Clark L F. Evoked cortical activity from auditory cortex in anesthetized and unanesthetized cats. Science 1961; 133: 1927–8
- Brodal A. Neurological anatomy in relation to clinical medicine. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, New York 1981; 497–8; 632
- Celesia G G. Organization of auditory cortical areas in man. Brain 1976; 15: 465–82
- Kaga K, Hink R F, Shinoda Y, Suzuki J. Evidence for a primary cortical origin of a middle latency auditory evoked potential in cats. Electroencephalogr CLin Neurophysiol 1980; 50: 254–46
- Lee Y S, Lueder H, Dinner D S, Lesser R O, Hahn J, Klem G. Recording of auditory evoked potentials in man using chronic subdural electrodes. Brain 1984; 107: 115–31
- Tsuchitani C. Physiology of the auditory system. Bases of auditory brain-stem evoked responses, E J Moore. Grune and Stratton, New York 1983; 67–108
- MacDonald R L, Barker J L. Anticonvulsant and anesthetic barbiturates: Different postsynaptic actions in cultured mammalian neurons. Neurology 1979; 29: 432–47
- Heyer E J, MacDonald R L. Barbiturate reduction of calcium dependent action potentials: Correlation with anesthetic action. Brain Res 1982; 236: 157–71
- Sivam S P, Nabeshima T, Ho I K. Acute and chronic effects of pentobarbital in relation to postsynaptic GABA receptors: A study with muscimal. J Neurosci Res 1982; 7: 37–47
- Schultz D, MacDonald R L. Barbiturate enhancement of GABA-mediated inhibition and activation of chloride ion conductance: Correlation with anticonvulsant and anesthetic actions. Brain Res 1981; 209: 177–88
- Hall J W, III, Mackey-Hargadine J. Auditory evoked responses in severe head injury. Seminars in Hearing 1984; 5: 313–336
- Hall J W, III, Mackey-Hargadine J, Allen S J. Monitoring neurologic status of comatose patients in the intensive care unit. Auditory brainstem response audiometry, J J Jacobson. College-Hill Press, San Diego 1985; 253–283
- Moeller A R. Intra-aural muscle contraction in man examined by measuring acoustic impedance of the ear. Laryngoscope 1958; 68: 48–62
- Moeller A R. Network model of the middle ear. J Acoust Soc Am 1961; 33: 168–76
- Coats A C, Martin J L. Human auditory nerve action potentials and brainstem evoked responses. Effect of audiogram shape and lesion location. Arch Otolaryngol 1977; 103: 605–22
- Wan W B. The olivocochlear bundle: its origins and terminations in the cat. Evoked electrical activity in the auditory nervous system, R F Norton, C Fernandez. Academic Press, New York 1978; 43–65
- Rasmussen G. Efferent fibers of the cochlear nerve and cochlear nucleus. Neural mechanisms of the auditory and vestibular systems, G L Rasmussen, W Windle. CC Thomas, Springfield, Ill 1960; 105–15
- Gacek R R. Efferent innervation of the labyrinth. Am J Otolaryngol 1984; 5: 204–24
- Kileny P. Auditory evoked middle-latency responses: current issues. Seminars in Hearing 1983; 4: 403–13
- Merzenich M M, Gardi J N, Vivion M C. Animals. Bases of auditory brain-stem evoked responses, E J Moore. Grune and Stratton, New York 1983; 391–412