References
- Box Q T, Cleveland R T, Willard C Y. Bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract I. Comparative evaluation by anterior nasal, oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal swabs. Am J Dis Child 1961; 102: 293–301
- Freijd A, Bygdeman S, Rynnel-Dagöo U B. The nasopharyngeal microflora of otitis-prone children, with emphasis on H influenzae. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1984; 97: 117–26, Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 105
- Gray B M, Converse G M, III, Dillon H C, Jr. Epidemiologic studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants: Acquisition, carriage, and infection during the first 24 month of life. J Infect Dis 1980; 142: 923–33
- Ingvarsson L, Lundgren K, Ursing J. The bacterial flora in the nasopharynx in healthy children. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh.) 1982; Suppl. 386: 94–6
- Kuklinska D, Kilian M. Relative proportions of Haemophilus species in the throat of healthy children and adults. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1984; 3: 249–52
- Laurell A B, Nilsson N I, Prellner K. Immune complexes and complement in serous and mucoid otitis media. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1980; 90: 290–6
- Prellner K, Christensen P, Hovelius B, Rosén C. Nasopharyngeal carriage of bacteria in otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children in day-care centres. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1984; 98: 343–50
- Sundberg L, Cederberg A, Edén T, Ernstson S. Bacteriology of secretory otitis media. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1981; Suppl 384: 18–25
- Tos M, Poulsen G, Borch J. Etiologic factors in secretory otitis. Arch Otolaryngol 1979; 105: 582–8
- Austrian R, Howie V M, Ploussard J H. The bacteriology of pneumococcal otitis media. Johns Hopkins Med J 1977; 141: 104–11
- Long S S, Henretig F M, Teter M J, McCowan K L. Nasopharyngeal flora and acute otitis media. Infect Immun 1983; 41: 987–91
- Schwartz R, Rodriquez W J, Mann R, Khan W, Ross S. The nasopharyngeal culture in acute otitis media A reappraisal of its usefulness. J Am Med Ass 1979; 241: 2170–3
- Tos M. Epidemiology and spontaneous improvement of secretory otitis. Acta Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Belg 1983; 37: 31–43
- Kilian M. A taxonomic study of the genus Haemophilus, with the proposal of a new species. J Gen Mirobiol 1976; 93: 9–62
- Luotonen J, Herva E, Karma P, Timonen M, Leinonen M, Makela P H. The bacteriology of acute otitis media in children with special reference to Streptococcus pneumoniae as studied by bacteriological and antigen detection methods. Scand J Infect Dis 1981; 13: 177–83
- De Maria T G, Lim D J, Ayers L W, Barnishau J, Brick H G. Biotypes of serologically nontypable Hemophilus influenzae isolated from the middle ear and pharynx of patients with otitis media with effusion. Recent advances in otitis media with effusion, D J Lim. BC Decker, Toronto 1984; 117–9
- Gray B M, Dillon H C. Clinical and epidemiologic studies of pneumococcal infection in children. Ped Infec Dis 1986; 5: 201–7
- Kamme C, Ageberg M, Lundgren K. Distribution of diplococcus pneumoniae types in acute otitis media in children and influence of the types on the clinical course in penicillin V therapy. Scand J Infect Dis 1970; 2: 183–90
- Giebink G S, Mills E L, Huff J S, et al. The microbiology of serous and mucoid otitis media. Pediatrics 1979; 63: 915–9
- Liu Y S, Lim D J, Lang R W, Birck H G. Chronic middle ear effusions Immunochemical and bacteriological investigations. Arch Otolaryngol 1975; 101: 278–86