References
- Brackmann D E, Hitselberger W E, Nelson R A, Moore J, Waring M D, Portillo F. Auditor brainstem implant: I. Issues in surgical implantation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993; 108: 624–33
- Edgerton B J, House W F, Hitselberger W. Hearing by cochlear nucleus stimulation in humans. Ann Otol Rhi-nol Otolaryngol 1982; 117–24, 91 Suppl
- Eisenberg L S, Maltan A A, Portillo F, Mobley J P, House W F. Electrical stimulation of the auditory brain stem structure in deafened adults. J Rehabil Res Dev 1987; 24: 9–22
- McElveen J, Hitselberger W, House W F, Mobley J P, Terr L. Electrical activation of cochlear nucleus in man. Am J Otol 1985; 88–91, 6 Suppl
- Portillo F, Nelson R A, Brackmann D E, Hitselberger W E, Shannon R V, Waring M D, Moore J K. Auditory brain stem implant: electrical stimulation of the human cochlear nucleus. Cochlear implants. New prespectives. Adv Otorhinolaryngol, B Fraysse, O Deguine. Karger, Basel 1993; vol. 48: 248–252
- Shannon R V, Fayad J, Moore J, Lo W WM, Otto S, Nelson R, O'leary M. Auditory brainstem implant. II Postsurgical issues and performance. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993; 108: 634–42
- Clark G M, Cohen N L, Shepherd R K. Surgical and safety considerations of multichannel cochlear implants in children. Ear Hear 1991; 12: 17s–24s, Suppl
- Clark G M, Shepherd R K, Franz BK-H, Dowell R C, Tong Y C, Blarney P J. The histophathology of the human temporal bone and auditory central nervous system following cochlear implantation in a patient: correlation with psychophysical and speech perception results. Acta Otolaryngol 1988; 1–65, 448 Suppl
- Shepherd R K, Franz BK-HG, Clark G M. The biocom-patibility and safety of cochlear prostheses. Cochlear prostheses, GM Clark. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh 1990; 69–98
- Tykocinski M, Shepherd R K, Clark G M. Reduction in excitability of the auditory nerve following electrical stimulation at high stimulus rates. Hear Res 1995; 88: 124–42
- Leake P A, Hradek G T, Rebscher S J, Snyder R L. Chronic intracochlear electrical stimulation induces selective survival of spiral ganglion neurons in neonatally deafened cats. Hear Res 1991; 54: 251–71
- Terr L I, Mobley J P, House W F. Biocompatibility of the central electroauditory prosthesis and the human cochlear nuclei. Am J Oto 1989; 10: 339–42
- Niparko J K, Altschuler R A, Xue X, Wiler J A, Anderson D J. Surgical implantation and biocompatibility of central nervous system auditory prosthesis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1989; 98: 965–70
- Niparko J K, Altschuler R A, Evans D A, Xue X, Far-Raye J, Anderson D J. Auditory brainstem prosthesis: biocompatibility of stimulation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989; 101: 344–52
- McCreery D B, Yuen T GH, Agnew W F, Bullara L A. Stimulation with chronically implanted microelectrode in the cochlear nucleus of the cat: histologic and physiologic effects. Hear Res 1992; 62: 42–56
- McCreery D B, Yuen T GH, Agnew W F, Bullara L A. Stimulus parameters affecting tissue injury during mi-crostimulation in the cochlear nucleus of the cat. Hear Res 1994; 77: 105–15
- Agnew W, Yuen T, McCreery D, Bullara L. Histopathologic evaluation of prolonged intracortical electrical stimulation. Exp Neurol 1986; 92: 162–85
- McCreery D B, Bullara L A, Agnew W F. Neuronal activity evoked by chronically implanted intracortical mi-croelectrodes. Exp Neurol 1986; 92: 147–61
- Waring M D. Auditory brain-stem responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus in human subjects. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995; 96: 338–47
- Shepherd R K, Clark G M. Effect of high electrical stimulus intensities on the auditory nerve using brainstem response audiometry. Ann Otol Rhinol Larygnol 1987; 128: 50–2, Suppl
- Abbas P J, Brown CJ. Electrically evoked brainstem response: growth of response with current level. Hear Res 1991; 51: 123–38
- Killian M JP, Klis S FL, Smoorenburg G F. Adaptation in the compound action potential response of the guinea pig VHIth nerve to electrical stimulation. Hear Res 1994; 81: 66–82
- Babb T L, Soper H V, Lieb J P, Brown W J, Ottino C A, Crandl P H. Electrophysiological studies of long-term electrical stimulation of the cerebellum in monkeys. J Neurosurg 1977; 47: 353–65
- Brown W J, Babb T L, Soper H V, Lieb J P, Ottino C A, Crandl P H. Tissue reactions to long-term electrical stimulation of the cerebellum in monkeys. J Neurosurg 1977; 47: 366–7
- McCreery D B, Agnew W F. Mechanisms of stimulation-induced neural damage and their relation to guidelines for safe stimulation. Neural prostheses, fundamental studies, WF Agnew, DB. McCreery. Prentice Hall, New York 1990; 297–317