References
- Kiein J O, Tos M, Hussl B, Naunton R F, Ohyama M, van Cauwenberge P B. Definition and classification. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1989; 139(Suppl)10
- Silverstein H, Miller G F, Linderman R C. Eustachian Tube dysfunction as a cause for chronic secretory otitis in children. Laryngoscope 1966; 76: 259–73
- Friedman I. The pathology of secretory otitis media. Proc Roy Soc Med 1963; 56: 695–9
- Sade J. Pathology and pathogenesis of serous otitis media. Arch Otolaryngol 1966; 84: 297–305
- Tos M, Bak-Pedersen K. The pathogenesis of chronic secretory otitis media. Arch Otolaryngol 1972; 95: 511–21
- Palva T, Holopainen E, Karma P. Protein and cellular pattern of glue ear secretions. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1976; 25(Suppl)103–9
- Sipila P, Ryhanen P, Karma P. T cells as marked with acid or naphyl acetate sterase staining in secretory otitis media. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1979; 360(Suppl)216–20
- Lim D J, Lewis D M, Schram J L, Birck H G. Otitis media with effusion: cytological and microbiological correlates. Arch Otolaryngol 1979; 105: 404–12
- Robinson J M. Subacute catarrhal otitis media and mastoiditis with effusion. South Med J 1942; 35: 815–24
- Siirala U. The problem of sterile otitis media. Pract Otorhinolaryngol 1956; 19: 159–69
- Senturia B H, Gessert C F, Carr C D, Baumann E S. Studies concerned with tubotynipanitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1958; 67: 440–67
- Liu Y S, Lim D J, Lang R W, Birck H G. Chronic middle ear effusions (immunological and bacteriological investigations). Arch Otolaryngol 1975; 101: 278–86
- Healy G B, Teele D W. The microbiology of chronic middle ear effusion in children. Laryngoscope 1977; 87: 1472–8
- Riding K H, Bluestone C D, Michaels R H, Cantekin E I, Doyle W J, Poziviak C S. Microbiology of chronic and recurrent otitis media with effusion. J Pediatr 1978; 93: 739–43
- Giebink G S, Mills E L, Huff J S, et al. Microbiology of serous and mucoid otitis media. Pediatrics 1979; 63: 915–9
- Karma P, Sipila P T, Luotonen J P, Gronroos P W. Bacteriological aspects of acute otitis media and secretory otitis media. Proceedings of the International Conference on Acute and Secretory Otitis Media, Part 1, JerusalemIsrael. J Sade. Kugler Publications, Amsterdam 1985; 181–8
- Bluestone C D, Stephenson J S, Martin L M. Ten-year review of otitis media pathogens. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992; 11: 7–11
- Lewis D M, Schram J L, Birck H G, et al. Antibody activity in otitis media with effusion. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1979; 88: 392–6
- Bernstein J M. Biological mediators of inflammation in middle ear effusions. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1976; 25(Suppl)90–6
- Manual of clinical microbiology, 5th ed., A Balows, W J Hausler, K L Herrmann, H D Isenberg, H J Shadomy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C 1991
- Jero J, Virolainen A, Salo P, Leinonen M, Eskola J, Karma P. PCR assay for detecting Streptococcus pneu-moniae in the middle ear of children with otitis media with effusion. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1996; 116: 288–92
- Nissinen A, Huovinen P, Herva E, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, middle ear fluid and throat samples of children. A nationwide study in 1988–1990 in Finland. Scand J Infect Dis 1995; 27: 57–61