118
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Experience with the 30 MeV Synchrotron as a Madiotherapeutic Instrument I. Development, Calibration and Instrumentation

, , &
Pages 419-434 | Published online: 14 Dec 2010

References

  • Adams, G. D. (1948) Techniques for application of the betatron to medical therapy. Am. J. Roentgenol., 60, p. 153.
  • Allen-Williams, D. J. (1952) The development of the 30 million volt electron synchrotron as a radiotherapeutic instrument, including the dosimetry of the high energy radiations. Ph. D. Thesis, Cambridge
  • Allen-Williams, D. J. and Appleyard, R. K. (1949) Some experiments with a 14 MeV. Betasynchrotron. Brit. J. Radiol., 22, p. 106.
  • Baldwin, G. C. and Klaiber, G. S. (1946) Multiple nuclear disintegrations induced by 100-MeV X-rays. Phys. Rev., 70, p. 259.
  • Boag, J. W. (1950) Ionisation measurements at very high intensities 1. Pulsed radiation beams. Brit. J. Radiol., 23, p. 601.
  • Boag, J. W. (1952) The saturation curve for ionisation measurements in pulsed radiation beams. Brit. J. Radiol., 25, p. 649.
  • Bohm, D. and Foldy, L. (1946) The theory of the synchrotron. Phys. Rev., 70, p. 249.
  • Braams, R. (1952) Some physical experiments associated with dosimetry of megavoltage X-rays. Ph. D. Thesis, Cambridge
  • Crarlton, E. E. and Breed, H. E. (1948) Some depth dose studies of roentgen rays for energy levels from 20 to 100 million electron volts. Amer. J. Radiol., 60, p. 158.
  • Dennison, D. M. and Berlin, T. H. (1946) Stability of synchrotron orbits. Phys. Rev., 70, p. 58.
  • Erber, J. , Rieder, W. and Broda, E. (1950) Determination of neutron densities by the permanganate method. Nature, 165, p. 810.
  • Evans, T. C. (1949) The fast neutron hazard. Nucleonics, 4, p. 2.
  • Failla, G. (1951) Radiological Units. Am. J. Roentgenol., 65, p. 477.
  • Fano, U. and Taylor, L. S. (1950) Dosage units for high-energy radiation. Radiology, 55, p. 743.
  • Feather, N. (1938) Further possibilities for the absorption method of investigating the primary β-particles from radio-active substances. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 34, p. 599.
  • Fry, D. W. (1949) The synchrotron accelerator - its potentialities as a generator of X-rays and electrons of 10-50 MeV energies for medical use. Brit. J. Radiol., 22, p. 462.
  • Fry, D. W. , Gallop, J. W. , Coward, F. K. and Dain, J. (1948) 30 MeV electron synchrotron. Nature, 161, p. 504.
  • Fry, D. W. , Harvie, R. B. R. -S. , Mullett, L. B. and Walkinshaw, W. (1948) A travelling wave linear accelerator for 4 MeV electrons. Nature, 162, p. 859.
  • Fry, D. W. and Walkinshaw, W. (1949) Linear accelerators. Reports on progress in physics (Physical Society), 12, p. 102.
  • Goward, F. K. and Barnes, D. E. (1946) Experimental 8 MeV synchrotron for electron acceleration. Nature, 158, p. 413.
  • Goward, F. K. , Gallop, J. W. and Dain, J. (1947) 30 MeV synchrotron specification
  • Goward, F. K. , Lawson, J. D. , Wilkins, J. J. and Carruthers, R. (1950) The design of electron synchrotrons. Proc. Inst. E. E., 97, p. 320.
  • Heitler, W. (1936) The quantum theory of radiation, p. 213. Oxford Clarendon Press
  • Huber, O. , Lienhard, O. , Scherrer, P. and Waffler, H. (1943) Der Kernphotoeffekt mit der Lithium-Gammastrahlung I. Die leichten Elemente bis zum Calcium. Helv. Physica Acta, 16, p. 33.
  • I. C. R. U. (International Commission on Radiological Units) (1951) International recommendations on radiological units (London 1950). Brit. J. Radiol., 24, p. 54.
  • Johns, H. E. , Darby, E. K. , Haslam, R. N. H. , Katz, L. and Harrington, E. L. (1949) Depth dose data and isodose distributions for radiation from a 22 MeV betatron. Am. J. Roentgenol., 62, p. 257.
  • Johns, H. E. , Katz, L. , Douglas, R. A. and Haslam, R. N. H. (1950) Gamma-neutron cross sections. Phys. Rev., 80, p. 1062.
  • Johns, H. E. , Darby, E. K. and Kornelsen, R. O. (1951) The physical aspects of treatment of cancer by 22 MeV X-rays. Brit. J. Radiol., 24, p. 355.
  • Jones, D. E. A. and Raine, H. C. (1949) Correspondence. Brit. J. Radiol., 22, p. 549.
  • Jones, D. E. A. (1949) A note on back-scatter and depth doses for elongated rectangular X-ray fields. Brit. J. Radiol., 22, p. 342.
  • Joyet, G. (1952) Die durch Betatronbestrahlung in den Geweben induzierte Radioaktivitat. Oncologia, 5, p. 1.
  • Kepp, R. K. (1950) Die Wirkung der Bestrahlung mit schnellen Elektronen auf die menschliche Haut. Strahlentherapie, 81, p. 201.
  • Kepp, R. K. (1951) Zur Frage der strahlentherapeutischen Anwendung schneller Elektronen. Deutsche Med. Wochenschr., 76, p. 639.
  • Kerst, D. W. (1941) Induction electron accelerator. Phys. Rev., 60, p. 47.
  • Kerst, D. W. (1946) Historical develoment of the betatron. Nature, 157, p. 90.
  • Laughlin, J. S. (1951) Considerations in the use of a 23 MeV medical betatron. Nucleonics, 8, p. 5.
  • Laughlin, J. S. (1952) Physical significance of the roentgen for 22.5 MeV X-rays. Brit. J. Radiol., 25, p. 12.
  • Laughlin, J. S. , Beattie, J. W. , Lindsay, J. E. and Harvey, R. A. (1951) Dose distribution measurements with the University of Illinois 25 MeV medical betatron. Am. J. Roentgenol., 65, p. 787.
  • McElhinney, J. , Hanson, A. O. , Becker, R. A. , Duffield, R. B. and Diven, B. C. (1947) Thresholds for several photo-nuclear reactions. Phys. Rev., 75, p. 542.
  • McMillan, E. M. (1945) The synchrotron - a proposed high-energy particle accelerator. Phys. Rev., 68, p. 143.
  • Mayneord, W. V. and Martin, J. H. (1950) Measurements of radiations from betatrons and synchrotrons. Brit. J. Radiol. Suppl., 2, p. 212.
  • Mayneord, W. V. , Martin, J. H. and Layne, D. A. (1949) Production of radioactivity in animal tissues by high energy X-rays. Nature, 164, p. 728.
  • Mitchell, J. S. (1946) Experimental Radiotherapeutics. Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr., 76, p. 883.
  • Mitchell, J. S. and Gray, L. H. (1946) The therapeutic applications of high energy beta and gamma radiations with especial reference to betatrons for voltages up to 50 MeV and the present state of development of linear accelerators. Medical Research Council Report
  • Mitchell, J. S. (1947) Provisional calculation of the tolerance flux of thermal neutrons. Brit. J. Radiol., 20, p. 79.
  • Mitchell, J. S. (1947) Provisional calculation of the tolerance flux of fast neutrons. Brit. J. Radiol., 20, p. 177.
  • Mitchell, J. S. (1952) Tolerance levels for fast and thermal neutrons. Biological Hazards of Atomic Energy, p. 113. Clarendon Press, Oxford
  • Quastler, H. (1949) Techniques for application of the betatron to medical therapy. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 61, p. 591.
  • Quimby, E. H. (1951) Achievement in radiation dosimetry 1937-1950. Brit. J. Radiol., 24, p. 2.
  • Schinz, H. R. and Wideroe, R. (1952) Die 31-MeV-Betatronanlage der radiotherapeutischen Klinik im Kantonspital Zurich. Acta radiol., 37, p. 374.
  • Skaggs, L. S. , Almy, G. M. , Kerst, D. W. and Lanzl, L. H. (1946) Removal of the electron beam from the betatron. Phys. Rev., 70, p. 95.
  • Skaggs, L. S. , Almy, G. M. , Kerst, D. W. and Lanzl, L. H. (1948) Development of the betatron for electron therapy. Radiology, 50, p. 167.
  • Slater, J. C. (1948) The design of linear accelerators. Rev. Mod. Physics, 20, p. 473.
  • Slater, J. C. (1952) Linear accelerators. Annual Rev. Nuclear Science, Stanford, p. 199.
  • Smith, C. L. (1952) A simple conversion of an X-ray dose-rate meter into an integrating dosemeter. J. Sci. Instr., 29, p. 269.
  • Smith, C. L. and Livesey, D. L. (1952) The photo-disintegration of Nitrogen-14 Nuclei. Proc. Phys. Soc. A, 65, p. 297.
  • Snyder, W. S. (1950) Calculations for maximum permissible exposure to thermal neutrons. Nucleonics, 6, p. 46.
  • Stephens, W. E. , Halpern, J. and Sher, R. (1951) Photo-production of N17. Phys. Rev., 82, p. 511.
  • Tait, J. H. (1950) Calculation of the energy deposition by fast neutrons in soft tissue. Brit. J. Radiol., 23, p. 282.
  • Thomas Jr, J. E. , Kraushaar, W. L. and Halpern, I. (1952) Synchrotrons. Annual Rev. Nuclear Science., p. 175.
  • Veksler, V. (1946) Concerning some new methods of acceleration of relativistic particles. Phys. Rev., 69, p. 244.
  • Veksler, V. (1945) A new method of acceleration of relativistic particles. J. Phys. U. S. S. R., 9, p. 153.
  • White, G. R. (1952) X-ray attenuation coefficients. National Bureau of Standards Report, 1003
  • Wideroe, R. (1948) Zur Theorie des Synchrotrons. Bull. Ass. Suisse des Electr., 93, p. 319.
  • Wideroe, R. (1928) uber ein neues Prinzip zur Herstellung hoher Spannungen. Archiv f. Elektrotechnik, 21, p. 387.
  • Williams, F. C. and Uttley, A. M. (1946) The Velodyne. J. Inst. Electrical Engineers., 93, p. 1256.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.