“Negative Symptoms” : A Cu Mu Latlve Trauma Stress Disorder?

References

• Strauss J S., Carpenter W T. The prediction of the outcome of schizophrenia: II Relationships between predictors and outcome variables. Archives of General Psychiatry 1974; 31: 37–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreason N C. Affective flattening and the criteria for schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 1979; 136: 944–947
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andreason N C. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 1982; 39: 784–788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd edition revised. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC 1987, DSM-III-R
   Google Scholar
• Zubin J. Negative symptoms: are they indigenous to schizophrenia?. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1985; 11: 461–469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trimble M R. Post-Traumatic Neurosis. John Wiley & Sons, New York 1981
   Google Scholar
• Mendelson G. Psychiatric Aspects of Injury Claims. CC Thomas, Springfield, Illinois 1988
   Google Scholar
• Strauss J S. Negative symptoms: future developments of the concept. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1985; 11: 457–460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berrios G E. Positive and negative symptoms and Jackson. Archives of General Psychiatry 1985; 42: 95–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary. 25th edition. Saunders WB, Philadelphia 1974
   Google Scholar
• Andreason N C. Positive vs negative schizophrenia: a critical evaluation. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1985; 11: 381–389
   Google Scholar
• Crow T J., Cross A J., Johnstone E C., Owen F. Two syndromes in schizophrenia and their pathogenesis. Schizophrenia as a brain disease, A F. Henn, H A. Nasrallah. Oxford University Press, New York 1982; 196–234
   Google Scholar
• Pogue-Geile M F., Harrow M. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: their longitudinal course and prognostic significance. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1985; 11: 427–439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreason N C. Negative v positive schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 1982; 39: 789–794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trimble M R. Post-traumatic stress disorder: history of a concept. Trauma and its Wake, C R. Figley. Brunner/Mazel, New York 1985; Vol I: 5–14
   Google Scholar
• Scurfield R M. Post-trauma stress assessment and treatment: overview and formulations. Trauma and its wake, C R. Figley. Brunner/Mazel, New York 1985; Vol II: 219–256
   Google Scholar
• Titchener J L. Post-traumatic decline: a consequence of unresolved destructive drives. Trauma and its wake, C R. Figley. Brunner/Mazel, New York 1985; Vol II: 5–19
   Google Scholar
• Scrignar C B. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Diagnosis, Treatment and Legal Issues. Praeger Scientific, New York 1984
   Google Scholar
• Rangell L. The metapsychology of psychic trauma. Psychic trauma, S S. Furst. Basic Books, New York 1967; 51–84
   Google Scholar
• Furst S S. The stimulus barrier and the pathogenicity of trauma. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 1978; 59: 345–352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardiner A, Spiegel H. War stress and neurotic illness. Hoeber PB, New York 1947
   Google Scholar
• Keehn J D. Animal models for psychiatry. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1986; 105–132
   Google Scholar
• Wall P D. Three phases of evil: the relation of injury to pain. Brain and Mind, Ciba Foundation symposium, Exerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1979; 293–304
   Google Scholar
• Ciompi L. The natural history of schizophrenia in the long term. British Journal of Psychiatry 1980; 136: 413–420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidman L J. Schizophrenia and brain dysfunction: an integration of recent neurodiagnostic findings. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1983; 94: 195–238
   Google Scholar
• Connell P H. Amphetamine psychosis. Maudsley monograph no. 5, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1958
   Google Scholar
• Muller H F. Prefrontal cortex dysfunction as a common factor in psychosis. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavia 1985; 71: 431–440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morihisa J M., Weinberger D R. Is schizophrenia a frontal lobe disease ? an organizing theory of relevant anatomy and physiology. Can schizophrenia be localized in the brain ?, N C. Andreason. American Psychiatric Press, Washington Dn, DC 1986; 19–36
   Google Scholar
• Wright J J., Kydd R R. Schizophrenia as a disorder of cerebral state transition. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 20: 167–178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kydd R R., Wright J J. Mental phenomena as changes of state in a finite-state machine. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 20: 158–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber G. Pure defect and its meaning for a somatosis hypothesis of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry Today, J Obiols, C Ballus, E Gonzalez, J Monclus Pujol. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press. 1979; 345–350
   Google Scholar
• Ellard J. Psychological reactions to compensable injury. Medical Journal of Australia 1970; 2: 349–355
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tennant C. Stress and schizophrenia: a review. Integrative Psychiatry 1986; 3: 248–261
   Google Scholar
• Sargant W. The mind possessed. William Heinemandd Ltd., London 1973; 5
   Google Scholar
• Davidson L M., Fleming I, Baum A. Post-traumatic stress as a function of chronic stress and toxic exposure. Trauma and its wake, C R. Figley. Brunner/Mazel, New York 1985; vol II: 57–77
   Google Scholar