References
- Lum L C. The syndrome of habitual chronic hyperventilation. Modern Trends in Psychosomatic Medicine, O. W. Hill, 1976; 3
- Ley R. Blood, breath and fears: a hyperventilation theory of panic attacks and agoraphobia. Clinical Psychology Review 1985; 5: 271–285
- Rapee R M. Differential response to hyperventilation in panic and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1986; 24–28
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical-manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed. rev. Author, Washington, DC 1987
- Klein D. Anxiety reconceptualized. Anxiety: New research and changing concepts, D F Klein, J Rabkin. Raven Press, New York 1981
- Wheeler E D, White P D, Reed E W, Cohen M E. Neurocirculatory asthenia (anxiety neurosis, effort syndrome, Neurasthenia). Journal of the American Medical Association 1950; 142: 878–889
- Anderson D J, Noyes R, Crowe R R. A comparison of panic disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1984; 141: 572–575
- Barlow D H, Vermilyes J A, Blanchard J, Vermilyes B B, Dinardo P A, Cerny J A. The phenomenon of panic. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1985; 94: 320–328
- Noyes R, Clancy J, Garvey M, Anderson D. Is agoraphobia a variant of panic disorder or a separate illness?. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1987; 1: 3–13
- Magarian G J. Hyperventilation syndromes: infrequently recognized common expressions of anxiety and stress. Medicine 1982; 61: 219–236
- Gelder M G. Panic attacks: new approaches to an old problem. British Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 149: 346–352
- Barlow D M. Anxiety and its disorders. Guilford, New York 1988
- Ley R. Agoraphobia, the panic attack and the hyperventilation syndrome. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1985; 23: 79–81
- Rice R L. Symptom patterns of the hyperventilation syndrome. American Journal of Medicine 1950; 8: 691–700
- Lum L C. Hyperventilation and anxiety state. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 1981; 74: 1–4
- Ley R. Panic disorder and agoraphobia: fear of fear or fear of the symptoms produced by hyperventilation?. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 1987; 18: 305–316
- Clark D M. A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1986; 4: 461–470
- Clark D M, Salkovskis P M. Cognitive therapy for panic attacks: Treatment manual. 1986, Unpublished manuscript
- Gorman J M, Askanazi J, Liebowitz M R, Fyer A J, Stein J, Kinney J M, Klein D F. Response to hyperventilation in a group of patients with panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1984; 141(7)857–861
- Cohen M E, White P. D. Life situations, emotions and neurocirculatory asthenia. Psychosomatic Medicine 1951; 13: 335–337
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed. Author, Washington, DC 1980
- Liebowitz M R, Gorman J M, Fyer A J, Levitt M, Dillon D, Levy G, Appleby I L, Anderson S, Palij M, Davies S O, Klein D F. Lactate provocation of panic attacks-11. Biochemical physiological findings. Archives of General Psychiatry 1985; 42: 709–719
- Norton G R, Doward J, Cox B J. Factors associated with panic attacks in nonclinical subjects. Behavior Therapy 1986; 17: 239–252
- Compernolle T, Hoogduin K, Joele L. Diagnosis and treatment of the hyperventilation syndrome. Psychosomatics 1979; 20: 612–625
- Clark D M, Hemsley D R. The effects of hyperventilation: individual variability and its relation to personality. Journal of Behaviour Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry 1982; 13: 41–47
- Garsen B, van Weenedaal W, Blosmink R. Agoraphobia and the hyperventilation syndrome. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1982; 21: 643–649
- Bonn J A, Readhead C PA, Timmons B A. Enhanced adaptive behavioural response in agoraphobic patients pretreated with breathing retraining. Lancet 1984; 1: 665–669
- Salkovskis P M, Wanvick M, Clark D, Wessels J. A demonstration of acute hyperventilation during naturally occumng panic attacks. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1986; 24: 91–94
- Hibbert G A. The diagnosis of hyperventilatioii using ambulatory carbon dioxide monitoring. Proceedings of the 15th European conference for Psychosomatic Research. John Libby, London 1986
- van den Hout M A, Griez E. Peripheral panic symptoms occur during changes in alveolar carbon dioxide. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 26: 381–387
- Griez E JL, Lousberg H, van den Hout M A, van den Molen D M. CO2 vulnerability in panic disorder. Psychiatry Research 1987; 20: 87–95
- Rapee R M, Mattick R, Murrell E. Cognitive mediation in the affective component of spontaneous panic attacks. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 1987; 17: 245–253
- Ehlers A, Margraf J, Roth W T. Interaction of expectancy and physiological stressors in a laboratory model of panic. Neuronal control of bodily function -basic and clinical aspects, D Hellhammer, I Florin. Hogrefe, Gottingen 1987; Vol II
- Vander A J, Sherman J N, Luciano D S. Human physiology: The mechanisms of body function. McGraw-Hill, New York 1986, Comprehensive Psychiatry 1985;26: 381–387.
- Clark D M, Salkovskis P M, Chalkley A. J. Respiratory control as a treatment for panic attacks. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 1985; 13: 41–47
- Griez E, van den Hout M A. COZ inhalation in the treatment of panic attacks. Behaviour Research & Therapy 1986; 24: 145–150
- Kenardy J, Evans L, Oei T PS. The importance of cognition in panic attacks. Behavior Therapy 1988; 19: 471–483
- Kenardy J, Evans L, Oei T PS. Cognition and heart rate in panic disorders during everyday activity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1989; 3: 33–43