36
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The Biology of Personality

Pages 364-376 | Published online: 06 Jul 2009

References

  • Allport G W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. Holt, New York 1937
  • Fabrega H, Jr. Psychiatric stigma in the classical and medieval period: A review of the literature. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1990; 31: 289–306
  • Skultans V. Madness and Morals: Ideas on insanity in the nineteenth century. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1975
  • Rutter M. Temperament, personality and personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 1987; 150: 443–458
  • Claridge G. Eysenck's contribution to the psychology of personality. Hans Eysenck, Consensus and Controversy, S H Modgil, C Modgil. Falmer Press, Philadelphia 1986, Chapter 6
  • Strelau J. Pavlov's nervous system typology and beyond. Academic Press, London 1983
  • Monte C F. Beneath the mask. Praeger, New York 1977
  • Eysenck H J. Dynamics of anxiety and hysteria. Rout-ledge and Kegan, London 1957
  • Eysenck H J. The biological basis of personality. Chasler & Thomas, Springfield, London 1967
  • Gray J A. The neuropsychology of anxiety. Oxford University Press, New York 1982
  • Cloninger C R. A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states. Psychiatric Developments 1986; 3: 167–226
  • Zukerman M. Sensation seeking and its biological correlates. Psychological Bulletin 1980; 88: 187–214
  • Zukerman M. A biological theory of sensation seeking. Biological basis of sensation seeking, impulsivity and anxiety, M Zukerman. Erlbaum, London 1983
  • Zukerman M. Sensation seeking: A comparative approach to a human trait. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 1984; 7: 413–471
  • Zukerman M. Biological foundations of the sensation-seeking temperament. Biological Basis of Personality and Behaviour, J. Strelau, F H Foley, A Gale. Hemisphere, Washington 1985
  • Berger M. Temperament and individual differences. Child and adolescent psychiatry., 2nd ed., M Rutter, L Hersov. Blackwell, Oxford 1985
  • Thomas A, Chess S, Birch H, Hertzig M, Korn S. Behavioural individuality in early childhood. New York University Press, New York 1963
  • Loehlin J C, Nichols R C. Heredity, environment and personality. University of Texas Press. 1976
  • Floderus-Myrhed B, Pederson N, Rasmuson S. Assessment of heritability for personality based on a short form of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Behavior Genetics 1980; 10: 153–162
  • Goldsmith H H. Genetic influences of personality from infancy to adulthood. Child Development 1983; 54: 331–355
  • Buss A H, Plomin R. Temperament: Early developing personality traits. Erblaum, London 1984
  • Tellegen A, Lykken D T, Brouchard T J, et al. Personality similarity in twins reared apart. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1988; 54(6)1031–1039
  • Martin N G, Eaves L J, Heath A C, et al. Transmission of social attitudes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 1986; 83: 4364–4368
  • Holden C. The Genetics of Personality. Science 1987; 237: 598–601
  • Geyer M A. The role of serotin: an unfulfilled promise. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 1986; 9: 338–339
  • Panskepp J, Cox J F. An overdue burial for the serotin theory of anxiety. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 1986; 9: 340–341
  • Clark C R, Geffen G M, Geffen L B. Catecholamines and Attention II: Pharmacological studies in normal humans. Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews USA: Pergamon Press 1987; 11: 353–364
  • Crow T J. Catecholamine-containing neurons and electrical selfstimulation: 2. A theoretical interpretation and some psychiatric implications. Psychological Medicine 1973; 3: 1–5
  • Crow T J, Deakin J FW. Neurohumoral transmission, behaviour and mental disorder. Handbook of Psychiatry, Vol.5. The Scientific Foundations of Psychiatry, M Shepherd. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1985; 132–182
  • Mason S T, Fibiger H C. Current concepts. 1. Anxiety: The locuscoeruleus disconnection. Life Sciences 1979; 29: 2141–2147
  • Mason S T, Iverson S D. An investigation of the role of cortical and cerebellar noradrenaline in associative motor learning. Brain Research 1977; 150: 135–48
  • Mason S T. Noradrenaline in the brain: Progress on theories of behavioural function. Progress in Neurobiology. Pergamon Press, USA 1981; 16: 263–303
  • Pisa M, Martin-Iverson M T, Fibiqe H C. On the role of the dorsal noradrenaline bundle in learning and habituation to novelty. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behaviour. Pergamon Press, USA 1988; 30: 835–845
  • Redmond D E, Huang Y H. New evidence for a locus coerulus-norepinephrine connection with anxiety. Life Sciences 1979; 25: 2149–2162
  • Ellison G D. Animal models in psychopathology: The low norepinephrine and low serotonin rat. American Psychology 1977; 32: 1036–1045
  • Panskepp J. Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotions. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 1982; 5: 407–422
  • Aston-Jones G, Bloom F E. Norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats exhibit pronounced responses to non-noxious environmental stimuli. Journal of Neuroscience 1981; 8: 887–900
  • Cole B J, Robbins T W, Everitt B J. Lesions of the dorsal bundle simultaneously enhance and induce responsivity to novelty in a food preference test. Brain Research Reviews 1988; 13: 235–249
  • Svenson T H. Peripheral, automatic regulation of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons in brain: putative implications for psychiatry and psychopharmacology. Psychopharmacology 1987; 92: 1–7
  • Segal M, Bloom F E. The action of norepinephrine in the rat hippocampus. III. The effects of locus coeruleus stimulation on evoked hippocampal unit activity. Brain Research 1976; 107: 499–511
  • Willner P. Dopamine and depression: A review of recent evidence. II. Theoretical approaches. Brain Research Reviews 1983; 6: 225–236
  • Brody J F. Behavioural effects of serotonin depletion and of p-chlorophenyl alanine in rats. Psychopharmacology 1969; 7: 14–33
  • Miczek K A, Altman J L, Appel J B, Boggan W O. Parachlorophenylalaine. serotonin and behaviour. Journal of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behaviour 1975; 3: 961–968
  • Soubrie P. Reconciling the role of central serotonin neurons in human and animal behaviour. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 1986; 9: 319–364
  • Jouvet M. Biogenic amines and the states of sleep. Science 1969; 163: 32–41
  • Gibbs J, Young R C, Smith G P. Cholecystokinin decreases food intake in rats. Journal of Comparative Physiology and Psychology 1973; 84: 488–495
  • Fitzsimmons J T, Selter P C. The relative importance of central nervous catecholaminergic and cholinergic mechanisms in drinking in response to angiotensin and other thirst stimuli. Journal of Physiology 1975; 250: 613–631
  • Cloninger C R. A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states: A reply to commentaries. Psychiatric Developments 1988; 2: 83–120
  • Cloninger C R, Gilligan S B. Neurogenic mechanisms of learning: a phylogenetic perspective. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1987; 21: 457–472
  • Cloninger C R. A systematic method of clinical descriptions and classifications of personality variants: A proposal. Archives of General Psychiatry 1987; 44: 573–588
  • Linnoila M, Oliver J, Adinott B, et al. High correlations of norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine and their major metabolite excretion rates. Archives of General Psychiatry 1988; 45: 701–704
  • Zukerman M, Ballenger C, Post R M. The neurobiology of some dimensions of personality. International Review of Neurobiology. Academic Press, New York 1984; Vol. 25
  • Brewerton T D, Berrettini W H, Nurnberger J I, Jr. Linnoila M. Analysis of general fluctuations of CSF monoamine metabolites and neuropeptides in normal controls: findings with 5H1AA and HVA. Psychiatry Research 1988; 23: 257–265
  • Modai I, Malmegren R, Asberg M, Bevina H. Circadian rhythm of the serotonin transport in human platelets. Psychopharmacology 1986; 84: 480
  • Asberg M, Traskman L, Thoren P. 5H1AA in the cerobrospinal fluid: a biochemical suicide predictor?. Archives of General Psychiatry 1976; 33: 1193–1197
  • Nurnberger J I. Discussions arising from; A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states. Psychiatric Developments 1988; 1: 73–82
  • Traskman L, Asberg M, Bertilsson L, Sjostraud L. Monoamine metabolites in CSF and suicidal behaviour. Archives of General Psychiatry 1981; 38: 631–636
  • Roy A, Linnoila M. Suicidal behaviour, impulsiveness and serotonin. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1988; 78: 529–535
  • Asberg M, Schalling D, Traskman-Bendz L. The psychobiology of suicide, impulsivity, and related phenomena. Psychopharmacology, the third generation of progress, H Meltzer. Raven Press, New York 1987; 655–688
  • Virkkunen M, Nuutila A, Goodwin F, Linnoila M. CSF monoamine metabolites in male arsonists. Archives of General Psychiatry 1987; 44: 241–247
  • Siever L J, Klar H, Coccaro E. Psychobiologic substrates of personality. Biologic response styles: Clinical implications, H Klar, L J Siever. American Psychiatric-Press, Washington, DC 1985; 37–66
  • Siever L J, Coccaro E F, Zemishlany E F, et al. Psychobiology of personality disorders: pharmacologic implications. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1987; 23: 333–336
  • Schulz C S, Cornelius J, Barrett D B, et al. Pharmacodynamic probes in personality disorders. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1987; 23: 337–341
  • Coccaro E F, Siever L J, Kavoussi R, Davis K L. Impulsive aggression in personality disorder: Evidence for involvement of 5 HT1 receptors. Biological Psychiatry 1989; 29: 86A, (Abstract)
  • Schalling D. Biochemical correlates of termperament dimensions. Biological Psychiatry 1989; 23: 139A, (Abstract)
  • Zohar J, Insel T R, Zohar Kadouch R C, Hill J L, Murphy D L. Serotonergic responsibility in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 1990; 45: 167–172
  • Ballenger J C, Post R M, Jimeson D C, et al. Biochemical correlates of personality traits in normals: an exploratory study. Personality and Individual Differences 1983; 4: 615–625
  • Roy A, Agren H, Pickar D, et al. Reduced cerebrospinal fluid concentration of HVA and HVA to 5HVAA ratio in depressed patients: Relationship to suicidality and dexomethasone non-suppression. American Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 143: 1539–1545
  • Roy A, Adinoff B, Roehrich L, et al. Pathological gambling: A psychobiological study. Archives of General Psychiatry 1988; 44: 369–373
  • Borg S, Kvande H, et al. Central nervous systems noradrenaline metabolism and alcohol consumption in man. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behaviour 1983; 18(Supp. 1)375–378
  • Montgomery S, Montgomery D. Pharmacological prevention of suicidal behaviour. Journal of Affective Disorders 1982; 4: 291–298
  • Agren H. Life at risk: markers of suicidality in depression. Psychiatric Developments 1983; 1: 87–104
  • Rogerness G A, Hernandez J M, Macedo C A, Mitchell E L. Biochemical differences in children with conduct disorder socialized and unsocialized. American Journal of Psychiatry 1982; 139: 307–311
  • Rogerness G A, Javos M A, Mass J W, et al. Plasma dopamine-6-hydroxylase, HVA, MHPG and conduct disorders in emotionally disturbed boys. Biological Psychiatry 1987; 22: 1155–1158
  • Bowden C L, Deutsch C K, Swanson J M. Plasma dopamine-hydroxylase and platelet monoamine oxidase in attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder. American Acadamy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1988; 27: 171–174
  • King R J, Melford I N, Wang C, et al. CSF dopamine levels correlate with extraversion in depressed patients. Psychiatry Research 1986; 19: 305–310
  • Kozeny J, Kubicka L, Prochazkova Z. Psychometric properties of the Czech version of Cloninger's tridimensional personality questionnaire. Personal and Individual Differences 1989; 10: 1253–1259
  • Cloninger C R. A neurobiological learning model of personality. Biological Psychiatry 1989; 25: 67A, (Abstract)
  • Fossey M D, Roy-Byrne P P, Cowley D S, et al. Personality assessment using the tridimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ) in patients with panic disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. Biological Psychiatry 1989; 25: 12A, (Abstract)
  • Cloninger C R, Siquardsson S, Bohman M. Childhood personality predicts alcohol abuse in young adults. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 1988; 12: 494–505
  • Schukit M A, Irwin M, Mahler H IM. Tridimensional personality questionnaire scores of sons of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fathers. American Journal of Psychiatry 1990; 147: 481–487
  • Menza M A, Forman N E, Goldstein H S, Golbe L I. Parkinson's disease, personality, and dopamine. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 1990; 2: 282–287
  • Pfohl B, Black D, Noyes R, Jr, Kelley M, Blum N. A test of the tridimensional personality theory: Association with diagnosis and platelet imipramine binding in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry 1990; 28: 41–46
  • Soloff P H. What's new in personality disorders? An update on pharmacological treatment. Journal of Personality Disorders 1990; 4: 233–243
  • Nestadt G, Romanski A J, Brown C H, et al. The relationship of personality disorders and axis I disorders in the general population. Biological Psychiatry 1989; 25: 84A–85A, (Abstract)
  • Tyrer P, Casey P, Gall J. Relationship between neurosis and personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 1983; 142: 404–408
  • Pfohl B, Stangl D, Zimmerman M. The implications of DSMIII personality disorders for patients with major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 1984; 7: 309–318
  • Hirschfield R MA, Klerman C L, Andreasen N C, Clayton P J, Keller M B. Psychosocial predictors of chronicity in depressed patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 148: 648–654
  • Joyce P R, Paykel E S. Predictors of drug response in depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1989; 46: 89–99
  • Marissakalian M, Hammoun M S. Correlates of DSMIII personality disorder in panic disorder and agoraphobia. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1989; 29: 535–544
  • De Meo M D, Mc Bride P A, Chen Jaw-Sy, et al. Relative contribution of MDD and borderline personality disorder to 5-HT responsivity. Biological Psychiatry 1989; 25: 84A–89A, (Abstract)
  • Van Praag H M. Biological suicide research: Outcome and limitations. Biological Psychiatry 1986; 21: 1305–1323
  • Bridger W H. The biology of personality. Biological Psychiatry 1989; 25: IIIIV
  • Thompson R F. The neurobiology of learning and memory. Science 1986; 233: 941–947
  • Breier A, Kelsoe J R, Kirwin P D. Early parental loss and development of adult psychopathology. Archives of General Psychiatry 1988; 45: 987–993
  • Hofer M A. Survival and recovery of psychologic function after early maternal separation. Physiology and Behaviour 1975; 15: 475–480
  • Hofer M A. Effects of reserpine and amphetamines on the development of hyperactivity in maternally deprived rat pups. Psychosomatic Medicine 1980; 42: 513–520
  • Kandel E R. From metapsychology to molecular biology: Exploration into the nature of anxiety. American Journal of Psychiatry 1983; 140: 1277–1293

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.