Disruptions in childhood parental care as risk factors for major depression in adult women

References

• Freud S. Mourning and melancholia. The complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis, J Strachey, 1957; 243–248
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby J. Attachment and loss. Attachment. First edition. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis,. 1969
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: separation. Anxiety and anger. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis,. 1973
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby J. Attachment and loss. Ill Loss. Sadness and separation. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis,. 1980
   Google Scholar
• Brown GW, Harris T. Social origins of depression: a study of psychiatric disorders in women. London: Tavistock,. 1978
   Google Scholar
• Harris TO, Brown GW, Bifulco A. Loss of a parent in childhood and adult psychiatric disorder: the role of lack of adequate parental care. Psychological Medicine 1986; 16: 641–659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tennant C, Bebbington P, Hurry J. Parental death in childhood and the risk of adult depressive disorders. Psychological Medicine 1980; 10: 289–299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birtchnell J. Women whose mothers died in childhood: an outcome study. Psychological Medicine 1980; 10: 699–713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birtchnell J, Kennard J. Early mother bereaved women who have and have not been psychiatric patients. Social Psychiatry 1981; 16: 187–197
   Google Scholar
• Crook T, Eliot J. Parental death during childhood and adult depression: a critical review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin 1980; 87: 252–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tennant C. Parental loss in childhood. Its effect in adult life. Archives of General Psychiatry 1988; 45: 1045–1050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker G. Early environment. Handbook of affective disorders. Second edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, ES Paykel, 1992; 171–183
   Google Scholar
• Rutter M. Psychopathology and development: I, Childhood antecedents of adult psychiatric disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1984; 18: 225–233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bifulco AT, Brown GW, Harris TO. Childhood loss of a parent, lack of adequate parental care and adult depression: a replication. Journal of Affective Disorders 1987; 12: 115–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breier A, Kelsoe JR, Kirwan PD, Beller SA, Wolkowitz OM, Pickar D. Early parental loss and the development of adult psychopathology. Archives of General Psychiatry 1988; 45: 987–993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tennant C, Bebbington P, Hurry J. Social experiences in childhood and adult psychiatric morbidity: a multiple regression analysis. Psychological Medicine 1982; 12: 321–327
   Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Magee WJ. Childhood adversity and adult depression: basic patterns of association in a US national survey. Psychological Medicine 1993; 23: 679–690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kish L. Survey sampling. New York: Wiley,. 1965
   Google Scholar
• Wells JE, Bushnell J A, Hornblow AR, Joyce PR, Oakley-Browne MA. Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study, part 1: methodology and lifetime prevalences for specific psychiatric disorders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1989; 23: 315–326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins LN, Helzer JE, Croughan J, Ratcliff KS. National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Its history, characteristics, and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry 1981; 38: 381–389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins LN, Helzer JE, Ratcliff KS, Seyfried W. Validity of the diagnostic interview schedule, version II: DSM-III diagnoses. Psychological Medicine 1982; 12: 855–870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leaf PJ, Myers JK, McEvoy LT. Procedures used in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Psychiatric disorders in America: the epidemiologic catchment area study. First edition. New York: Free Press, LN Robins, DA Regier, 1991; 11–32
   Google Scholar
• BMDP statistical software manual, WJ Dixon, MB Brown, L Engelman, MA Hill, RI Jennrich. University of California Press, Berkeley 1988
   Google Scholar
• Parker G. Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry 1979; 134: 138–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perris C, Arrindell WA, Perris H, Eisemann M, Van Der Ende J, Von Knorring L. Perceived depriving parental rearing and depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 148: 170–175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickie I, Parker G, Wilhelm K, Tennant C. Perceived interpersonal risk factors of non-endogenous depression. Psychological Medicine 1991; 21: 399–412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins LN, Helzer JE, Weissman MM, Orvaschel H, Gruenberg E, Burke JD, Jr. Regier DA. Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites. Archives of General Psychiatry 1984; 41: 949–958
   Google Scholar
• Weissman MM, Livingston Bruce M, Leaf PJ, Florio LP, Holzer C, III. Affective disorders. Psychiatric disorders in America: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. First edition. New York: Free Press, LN Robins, DA Regier, 1991; 53–80
   Google Scholar
• Rodgers B. Adult affective disorder and early environment. British Journal of Psychiatry 1990; 157: 539–550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N. The measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms: an instructional manual for the PSE and CATEGO program. New York: Cambridge University Press,. 1974
   Google Scholar
• Birtchnell J, Kennard J. How do the experiences of the early separated and early bereaved differ and to what extent do such differences affect outcome?. Social Psychiatry 1984; 19: 163–171
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faravelli C, Sacchetti E, Ambonetti A, Conte G, Pallanti S, Vita A. Early life events and affective disorder revisited. British Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 148: 288–295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallstrom T. Major depression, parental mental disorder and early family relationships. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1987; 75: 259–263
   Google Scholar
• Parker G. Are the lifetime prevalence estimates in the ECA study accurate?. Psychological Medicine 1987; 17: 275–282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker G. Parental overprotection. A risk factor in psychosocial development. First edition. New York: Grune & Stratton,. 1983
   Google Scholar
• Parker G. The Parental Bonding Instrument. A decade of research: editorial. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 1990; 25: 281–282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen PE, Romans CS, Walton VA, Herbison GP. Impact of sexual and physical abuse on women's mental health. Lancet 1988; 1: 841–845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bushnell JA, Wells JE, Oakley-Browne MA. Long-term effects of intrafamilial sexual abuse in childhood. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1992; 85: 136–142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sackett DL. Bias in analytic research. Journal of Chronic Disease 1979; 32: 51–63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewis G, Pelosi AJ. The case-control study in psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry 1990; 157: 197–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Shannon FT, Lawton JM. The Christchurch Child Development Study: a review of epidemiological findings. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 1989; 3: 302–325
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Lynskey MT. Parental separation, adolescent psychopathology, and problem behaviors. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1994; 33: 1122–1131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Eaves LJ. A population-based twin study of major depression in women. The impact of varying definitions of illness. Archives of General Psychiatry 1992; 49: 257–266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Eaves LJ. A longitudinal twin study of 1-year prevalence of major depression in women. Archives of General Psychiatry 1993; 50: 843–852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissman MM, Merikangas KR, John K, Wickramaratne P, Prusoff BA, Kidd KK. Family-genetic studies of psychiatric disorders. Developing technologies. Archives of General Psychiatry 1986; 43: 1104–1116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendler KS. Twin studies of psychiatric illness. Current status and future directions. Archives of General Psychiatry 1993; 50: 905–915
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plomin R, Chipuer HM, Loehlin JC. Behavioural genetics and personality. Handbook of personality. Theory and research. First edition. New York: Guilford, LA Pervin, 1990; 225–243
   Google Scholar
• Kendler KS, Walters EE, Truett KR, Heath AC, Neale MC, Martin NG, Eaves LJ. Sources of individual differences in depressive symptoms: analysis of two samples of twins and their families. American Journal of Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1605–1614
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Eaves LJ. Childhood parental loss and adult psychopathology in women. A twin study perspective. Archives of General Psychiatry 1992; 49: 109–116
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eaton WW, Holzer III CE, Von Korff M, Anthony JC, Helzer JE, George L, Burnam A, Boyd JH, Kessler LG, Locke BZ. The design of the epidemiologic catchment area surveys. The control and measurement of error. Archives of General Psychiatry 1984; 41: 942–948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar