References
- Hassan R, Carr J. Changing patterns of suicide in Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1989; 23: 226–234
- Dudley M, Waters B, Kelk N, Howard J. Youth suicide in New South Wales: urban-rural trends 1964–1988. Medical Journal of Australia 1992; 156: 83–88
- Harrison J, Moller J, Dolinis J. Suicide in Australia: past trends and current patterns. Australian Injury Prevention Bulletin 1994; 5: 1–4
- Harrison J E, Choi C Y. Some dimensions of suicide mortality in Australia. Paper presented at the Public Health Association of Australia conference, ‘Suicide prevention’, Canberra, 28 February-1 March, 1994
- Davis J M, Sandoval J. Suicidal youth: school-based intervention and prevention. Jossey Bass, San Francisco 1991
- Berman A L. Suicide intervention in schools: critical reflections. Suicide prevention in schools, A A Leenaars, S Wenckstern. Hemisphere, New York 1991; 243–255
- Smith J. Suicide intervention in schools: general consideration. Suicide prevention in schools, A A Leenaars, S Wenckstern. Hemisphere, New York 1991; 3–15
- Garland A, Shaffer D, Whittle B. A national survey of school-based. adolescent suicide prevention programs. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1989; 28: 932–934
- Cauce A M, Srebnik D S. Peer networks and social support: a focus for preventive efforts with youths. Primary prevention and promotion in the schools, L A Bond, B E Compas. Sage, Newbury Park 1989; 235–254
- Centers for Disease Control. Youth suicide prevention programs: a resource guide. Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta 1992
- Kalafat J, Mackey K. School return of hospitalised suicidal youth. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Association of Suicidology. New York, April, 1994
- Kalafat J, Elias M. Suicide prevention in an educational context: broad and narrow foci. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 1995; 25: 123–133
- Kalafat J, Elias M, Gara J. The relationship of bystander intervention variables to adolescents' responses to suicidal peers. Journal of Primary Prevention 1993; 13: 231–244
- Kalafat J, Elias M. An evaluation of a school-based suicide awareness intervention. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 1994; 24: 224–233
- Harman M J, Armsworth M W, Henderson D L. Rural Texas: to whom do children with problems go?. Texas Association for Counselling and Development Journal 1989; 107–113, Fall
- Brent D A, Perper J A, Kolko D J, Goldstein C E. Risk factors for adolescent suicide: a comparison of adolescent suicide victims with suicidal inpatients. Archives of General Psychiatry 1988; 45: 581–588
- Clark D C. Suicidal behaviour in childhood and adolescence: Recent studies and clinical implications. Psychiatric Annals 1993; 23: 271–283
- Ross C P. Teaching children the facts of life and death: suicide prevention in the schools. Youth suicide, M L Peck, N L Farberow, R E Litman. Springer, New York 1985; 147–169
- Shafii M, Whittinghill J R, Dolen D C, Pearson V D, Derrick A, Carrington S. Psychological reconstruction of completed suicide in childhood and adolescence. Suicide in the young, H S Sudak, A B Ford, N B Rushworth. Wright-PSG, Boston 1984; 271–294
- Lester D. A subculture theory of teen suicide. Adolescence 1987; 86: 317–320
- Naginy J L, Swisher J D. To whom would adolescents turn with drug problems? Implications for school professionals. High School Journal 1990; 73: 80–85
- Offer K J, Schonert K A, Ostrov E. To whom do adolescents turn for help? Differences between disturbed and nondis-turbed adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1991; 30: 623–630
- King R J, Kay R. How effective are school-based suicide awareness and prevention programs?. Paper presented at the Public Health Association of Australia conference, ‘Suicide prevention’, Canberra, 28 February-I March, 1994
- Overholser J C, Hemstreet A H, Spirito A, Vyse S. Suicide awareness programs in the schools: effects of gender and personal experience. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1989; 28: 925–930
- Wellman M M, Wellman R J. Sex differences in peer responsiveness to suicide ideation. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 1986; 3: 360–387
- Allen J P, Aber J L, Leadbetter B J. Adolescent problem behaviours: the influence of attachment and autonomy. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1990; 13: 455–467
- Allen J P, Philliber S, Hoggson N. School-based prevention of teen-age pregnancy and school dropout: process evaluation of the national replication of the teen outreach program. American Journal of Community Psychology 1990; 18: 505–524
- Bandura A. Self efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behaviour change. Psychological Bulletin 1977; 84: 191–215
- Rotter J. Social learning and clinical psychology. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1954
- Campbell D T, Stanley J C. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research on teaching. Handbook of research on teaching, N L Gage. Rand McNally, Chicago 1963; 171–246
- Shaffer D, Garland A, Vieland V, Underwood M, Busner C. The impact of curriculum-based suicide prevention programs for teenagers. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1991; 30: 588–596
- Spirito A, Overholser J, Ashworth S, Morgan J, Benedict-Drew C. Evaluation of a suicide awareness curriculum for high school students. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1988; 27: 705–711
- Ciffone J. Suicide prevention: a classroom presentation to adolescents. Social Work 1993; 38: 197–203
- Shaffer D, Bacon K, Fisher P, Garland A. Review of youth suicide prevention programs. New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 1987
- Clark D C. School-based prevention. Suicide Research Digest 1990; 4: l–2
- Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA). US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1989; Vol. 1, Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Youth Suicide, Overview and recommendations, DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 89–1621
- Felner R D, Felner T W. Primary prevention programs in the educational context: a transactional-ecological framework and analysis. Primary prevention and promotion in the schools, L A Bond, B E Compas. Sage, Newbury Park 1989; 13–49
- Shaffer D, Garland A, Vieland V, Rojas M, Underwood M, Busner C. Adolescent suicide attempters: response to suicide prevention programs. Journal of the American Medical Association 1990; 264: 3151–3155
- Beck A T, Brown G, Berchick R J, Stewart B, Steer R A. Relationships between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: a replication with psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry 1990; 147: 190–195
- Stein D, Wiztur E, Brom D, DeNour A K, Elizur A. The association between adolescents' attitudes towards suicide and their psychosocial background and suicidal tendencies. Adolescence 1992; 27: 949–950
- Berven N L. Reliability and validity of standardised case management simulations. Journal of Counselling Psychology 1985; 32: 397–409
- Shaffer D, Garland A, Whittle B. An evaluation of youth suicide prevention programs. New Jersey Division of Mental Health and Hospitals, Trenton, NJ 1988, New Jersey adolescent suicide prevention project: final project report
- Purkey S C, Smith M S. Effective schools: a review. Elementary School Journal 1983; 83: 427–452
- Kalafat J, Underwood M. Lifelines: a school-based adolescent suicide response program. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, IA 1989
- Berman A L, Jobes D A. Adolescent suicide: assessment and intervention. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 1991
- Morgan H G. How feasible is suicide prevention?. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 1994; 1: 111–118
- Tierney R, Ramsay R, Tanney B, Lang W. Comprehensive school suicide prevention programs. Suicide prevention in schools, A A Leenaars, S Wenckstern. Hemisphere, New York 1991; 83–95
- Garland A, Shaffer D. School-based adolescent suicide prevention programs. Planning to live. Evaluating and treating suicidal teens in community settings, M J Rotheram-Borus, J Bradley, N Obolensky. National Resource Center for Youth Services, Oklahoma 1990; 57–86
- Sattem L. Suicide prevention in elementary schools. Suicide prevention in schools, A A Leenaars, S Wenckstern. Hemisphere, New York 1991; 71–82
- Shaffer D, Garland A, Bacon K. Prevention issues in youth suicide. Risk factors and the prevention of child psychiatry disorders, D Shaffer, I Phillips, N B Enzer. Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, Washington, DC 1988; 373–393, Alcohol
- Standing Committee on Social Issues. Suicide in rural New South Wales. Legislative Council, Parliament of New South Wales, Sydney 1994, Report No 7
- Lester D. State initiatives in addressing youth suicide: evidence for their effectiveness. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 1992; 27: 75–77
- Nelson F L. Evaluation of a youth suicide prevention school program. Adolescence 1987; 38: 813–825
- Overholser J C, Evans S, Spirito A. Sex differences and their relevance to primary prevention of adolescent suicide. Suicide prevention in schools, A A Leenaars, S Wenckstern. Hemisphere, New York 1991; 113–120
- Dyck R. System-entry issues in school suicide prevention education programs. Suicide prevention in schools, A A Leenaars, S Wenckstern. Hemisphere, New York 1991; 41–50
- Could M S, Wallenstein S, Davidson L. Suicide clusters: a critical review. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 1989; 19: 17–29
- Shaffer D, Garland A, Could M, Fisher P, Trautman P. Preventing teenage suicide: a critical review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1988; 27: 675–687
- Rosenberg M L, Eddy D M, Wolpert R C, Broumas E P. Developing strategies to prevent youth suicide. Suicide among youth: perspectives on risk and prevention, C R Pfeffer. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 1990; 203–225
- Caplan G. Principles of preventive psychiatry. Basic Books, New York 1964