130
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

BLOOD PRESSURE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

, , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 2228-2242 | Published online: 16 Nov 2009

REFERENCES

  • Army Individual Test Battery. (1944). Manual of Directions and Scoring. Washington, DC: War Department, Adjutant General's Office.
  • Benedict, R. H. (1997). Brief Visuospatial Memory Test—Revised: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
  • Cicconetti, P., Costarelia, M., Moise, A., (2004). Blood pressure variability and cognitive function in older hypertensives. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics—Supplement, 63–68.
  • Cohen, R. A., & Waters, W. F. (1985). Psychophysiological correlates of levels and stages of cognitive processing. Neuropsychologia, 23, 243–256.
  • Colcombe, S., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Science, 14, 125–130.
  • DeCarli, C. (2003). Prevention of white-matter lesions through control of cerebrovascular risk factors. International Psychogeriatrics, 15, 147–151.
  • Delis, D., Kramer, J., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (1987). Manual: California Verbal Learning Test, Adult Version. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • Elias, M. F., Elias, P. K., Sullivan, L. M., Wolf, P. A., & D'Agostino, R. B. (2003). Lower cognitive function in the presence of obesity and hypertension: The Framingham heart study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 27, 260–268.
  • Eslinger, P., Damasio, A. R., & Benton, A. L. (1984). The Iowa Screening Battery for Mental Decline. Iowa City, IA: Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral Neurology.
  • Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.
  • Fukuda, K., Stern, J. A., Brown, T. B., & Russo, M. B. (2005). Cognition, blinks, eye-movements, and pupillary movements during performance of a running memory task. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 76, C75–C85.
  • Gianaros, P. J., Greer, P. J., Ryan, C. M., & Jennings, J. R. (2006). Higher blood pressure predicts lower regional grey matter volume: Consequences on short-term information processing. NeuroImage [Epub ahead of print].
  • Golden, C. (1978). Stroop Color and Word Task: A Manual for Clinical and Experimental Uses. Wood Dale, IL: Stoeling.
  • Goldstein, I. B., Bartzokis, G., Guthrie, D., & Shapiro, D. (2005). Ambulatory blood pressure and the brain: A 5-year follow-up. Neurology, 64, 1846–1852.
  • Gunstad, J., Bausserman, L., Paul, R., (2006). C-reactive protein, but not homosysteine, is related to cognitive dysfunction in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 13, 540–546.
  • Gunstad, J., Cohen, R. A., Tate, D. F., (2005). Blood pressure variability and white matter hyperintensities in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Blood Pressure, 14, 353–358.
  • Hansen, A. L., Johnsen, B. H., Sollers III, J. J., Stenvik, K., & Thayer, J. F. (2004). Heart rate variability and its relation to prefrontal cognitive function: The effects of training and detraining. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 93, 263–272.
  • Hansen, A. L., Johnsen, B. H., & Thayer, J. F. (2003). Vagal influence on working memory and attention. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 48, 263–274.
  • Harringon, F., Saxby, B. K., McKeith, I. G., Wesnes, K., & Ford, G. A. (2000). Cognitive performance in hypertensive and normotensive older subjects. Hypertension 36, 1079–1082.
  • Harris, M. M., Stevens, J., Thomas, N., Schreiner, P., & Folsom, A. R. (2000). Associations of fat distribution and obesity with hypertension in a bi-ethnic population: The ARIC Study. Obesity Research, 8, 516–524.
  • Heist, E. K., & Ruskin, J. N. (2006). Atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure: Risk factors, mechanisms, and treatment. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 48, 256–269.
  • Hillman, C. H., Snook, E. M., & Jerome, G. J. (2003). Acute cardiovascular exercise and executive control function. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 48, 307–314.
  • Hooper, H. E. (1958). The Hooper Visual Organization Test Manual. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
  • Jefferson, A. L., Poppas, A., Paul, R. H., & Cohen, R. A. (2007). Systemic hypoperfusion is associated with executive dysfunction in geriatric cardiac patients. Neurobiology of Aging, 28, 477–483.
  • Jennings, J. R., & Hall, S. W., Jr. (1980). Recall, recognition, and rate: Memory and the heart. Psychophysiology, 17, 37–46.
  • Johnson, D. W., & Usherwood, T. (2005). Chronic kidney disease—Management update. Australian Family Physician, 34, 915–923.
  • Kanemaru, A., Kanemaru, K., & Kuwajima, I. (2001). The effects of short-term blood pressure variability and nighttime blood pressure levels on cognitive function. Hypertension Research, 24, 19–24.
  • Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1983). The Boston Naming Test, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febinger.
  • Keary, T. A., Gunstad, J., Poppas, A., Paul, R. H., Jefferson, A. L., Hoth, K. F., (2006). Blood Pressure Variability and Dementia Rating Scale performance in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Kløve, H. (1963). Clinical neuropsychology. In F. M. Forster ( ed.), The Medical Clinics of North America. New York: Saunders, 1647–1658.
  • Knopman, D., Boland, L. L., Mosley, T., (2001). Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in middle-aged adults. Neurology, 56, 42–48.
  • Merck Institute of Aging and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Gerontological Society of America. (2004). The State of Aging and Health in America, 2004. Washington, DC: Merck Company Foundation.
  • Morris, J. C., Heyman, A., Mohs, R. C., (1989). Part I: Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 39, 1159–1165.
  • Morris, M. C., Scherr, P. A., Herbert, L. E., (2002). Association between blood pressure and cognitive function in a biracial community population of older persons. Neuroepidemiology, 21, 123–130.
  • Moser, D. J., Cohen, R. A., Clark, M. M., (1999). Neuropsychological functioning among cardiac rehabilitation patients. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 19, 91–97.
  • National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. High Blood Pressure. (2006, November 5). Retrieved xxxx xx, xxxx from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Hbp/HBP_All.html.
  • Ohya, Y., Ohtsubo, T., Tsuchihashi, T., (2001). Altered variation of blood pressure in elderly subjects with decreased activity of daily living and impaired cognitive functions. Hypertension Research, 24, 655–661.
  • Osterrieth, P. A. (1944). Le test de copie d'une figure complexe. Archives de Psychologie, 30, 206–356 [trans. J. Corwin and F. W. Bylsma (1993), The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7, 9–15].
  • Ostrosky-Solis, F., Mendoza, V., & Ardila, A. (2001). Neuropsychological profile of patients with primary systemic hypertension. The International Journal of Neuroscience, 36, 159–172.
  • Peila, R., White, L. R., Masaki, K., Petrovich, H., & Launer, L. J. (2006). Reducing the risk of dementia: Efficacy of long-term treatment of hypertension. Stroke, 37, 1165–1170.
  • Posner, H., Tang, M., Luchsinger, J., Lantigua, R., Stern, Y., & Mayeux, R. (2002). The relationship of hypertension in the elderly to AD, vascular dementia, and cognitive function. Neurology, 58, 1175–1181.
  • Schmidt, R., Ropele, S., Enzinger, C., (2005). White matter lesion progression, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline: The Austrian stroke prevention study. Annals of Neurology, 58, 610–616.
  • Thom, T., Haase, N., Rosamond, W., (2006). Heart disease and stroke statistics—2006 update: A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation, 113, e85–e151.
  • Trojano, L., Antonelli, I. R., Acanfora, D., Picone, C., Mecocci, P., & Rengo, F. (2003). Cognitive impairment: A key feature of congestive heart failure in the elderly. Journal of Neurology, 250, 1456–1463.
  • van Boxtel, M. P., Henskens, L. H., Kroon, A. A., (2006). Ambulatory blood pressure, asymptomatic cerebrovascular damage and cognitive function in essential hypertension. Journal of Human Hypertension, 20, 5–13.
  • Van Den Heuvel, D. M., ten Dam, V. H., de Craen, A. J., (2006). Increase in periventricular white matter hyperintensities parallels decline in mental processing speed in a non-demented elderly population. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 77, 149–153.
  • Waldstein, S. R., Manuck, S. B., Ryan, C. M., & Muldoon, M. F. (1991). Neuropsychological correlates of hypertension: Review and methodologic considerations. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 451–468.
  • Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.