C-Reactive Protein Levels in the First Three Hours After Acute Cerebral Infarction

REFERENCES

• Anuk, T., Assayag, E. B., Rotstein, R., Fusman, R., Zeltser, D., Berliner, S., (2002). Prognostic implications of admission inflammatory profile in acute ischemic neurological events. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 106, 196–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audebert, H. J., Rott, M. M., Eck, T., & Haberl, R. L. (2004). Systemic inflammatory response depends on initial stroke severity but is attenuated by successful thrombolysis. Stroke, 35, 2128–2133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamford, J., Sandercock, P., Dennis, M., Burn, J., & Warlow, C. (1991). Classification and natural history of identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction. Lancet, 337, 1521–1526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake, G. J., & Ridcker, P. M. (2002). Inflammatory bio-markers and cardiovascular risk prediction. Journal of Internal Medicine, 252, 283–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canova, C. R., Courtin, C., & Reinhart, W. H. (1999). C-reactive protein (CRP) in cerebro-vascular events. Atherosclerosis, 147, 49–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesana, B. M., & Marubini, E. (1995). Dimensione del campione nella ricerca bio-medica. Milano, Centro “Zambon”, Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria della facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano p. 107.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, H., O’Reilly, E. J., Schwarzschild, M. A., & Ascherio, A. (2008). Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and risk of Parkinson's disease. American Journal of Epidemiology, 167, 90–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Napoli, M., Di Gianfilippo, G., Sollecito, A., & Bcola, V. (2000). C-reactive protein and outcome after first-ever ischemic stroke. Stroke, 31, 238–239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Di Napoli, M., Papa, F., & Bocola, V. (2001a). Prognostic influence of increased C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels in ischemic stroke. Stroke, 32, 133–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Napoli, M., Papa, F., & Bocola, V. (2001b). C-reactive protein in ischemic stroke: An independent prognostic factor. Stroke, 32, 917–924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Napoli, M., & Papa, F. (2002). Inflammation, hemostatic markers, and antithrombotic agents in relation to long-term risk of new cardiovascular events in first-ever ischemic stroke patients. Stroke, 33, 1763–1771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Napoli, M., Schwaninger, M., Cappelli, R., Ceccarelli, E., Di Gianfilippo, G., Donati, C., (2005). Evaluation of C-reactive protein measurement for assessing the risk and prognosis in ischemic stroke, A statement for health care professionals from CRP pooling project members. Stroke, 36, 1316–1329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinargl, U., Iadecola, C., & Moskowitz, M. A. (1999). Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: An integrated view. Trends in Neurosciences, 23, 391–397.
   Google Scholar
• Eikelboom, J. W., Hankey, G. J., Baker, R. I., McQuillan, A., Thom, J., Staton, J., (2003). C-reactive protein in ischemic stroke and its etiologic subtypes. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 12, 74–81.
   Google Scholar
• Elkind, M. S. V., Coates, K., Tai, W., Paik, M. W., Boden-Albala, B., & Sacco, R. L. (2006). Levels of acute phase proteins remain stable after ischemic stroke. BMC Neurology, 6, 37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Emsley, H. C., Smith, C. J., Gavin, C. M., Georgiou, R. F., Vail, A., Barberan, E. M., (2003). An early and sustained peripheral inflammatory response in acute ischaemic stroke: Relationships with infection and atherosclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 139, 93–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannoni, G., Miller, D. H., Losseff, N. A., Sailer, M., Lewellyn-Smith, N., Thompson, A. J., (2001). Serum inflammatory markers and clinical/MRI markers of disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, 248, 487–495.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Idicula, T. T., Brogger, J., Naess, H., Waje-Andreassen, U., & Thomassen, L. (2009). Admission C-reactive protein after acute ischemic stroke is associated with stroke severity and mortality: The ‘Bergen stroke study’. BMC Neurology, 9, 18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladenvall, C., Jood, K., Bloomstrand, C., Nilsson, S., Jern, C., & Landevall, P. (2006). Serum C-reactive protein concentration and genotype in relation to ischemic stroke subtypes. Stroke, 37, 2017–2023.
   Google Scholar
• Masotti, L., Ceccarelli, E., Forconi, S., & Cappelli, R. (2005). Prognostic role of C-reactive protein in very old patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Journal of International Medical Research, 258, 145–152.
   Google Scholar
• Modrego, P. J., Boned, B., Berlanga, J. J., & Serrano, M. (2008). Plasmatic B-Type natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein in hyperacute stroke as markers of CT-evidence of brain edema. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 25, 18–23.
   Google Scholar
• Montaner, J., Fernandez-Cadenas, I., Molina, C. A., Ribo, M., Huertas, R., & Rosell, A., (2006). Post-stroke C-reactive protein is a powerful prognostic tool among candidates for thrombolysis. Stroke, 37, 1205–1210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muir, K. W., Weir, C. J., Alwan, W., Squire, I. B., & Lees, K. R. (1999). C-reactive protein and outcome after ischemic stroke. Stroke, 30, 981–985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. (1995). Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 333, 1581–1587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Bryant, S. E., Waring, S. C., Hobson, V., Hall, J. R., Moore, C. B., & Bottiglieri, T. (2010). Decreased C-reactive protein levels in Alzheimer disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 23, 49–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rallidis, L. S., Vikelis, M., Panagiotakos, D. B., Rizos, I., Zolindaki, M. G., Kaliva, K., (2006). Inflammatory markers and in-hospital mortality in acute ischaemic stroke. Atherosclerosis, 189, 193–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, R. (1999). Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 340, 115–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rost, N. S., Wolf, P. A., Kase, C. S., Kelly-Hayes, M., Silbershatz, S., Massaro, J. M., (2001). Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stroke, 32, 2575–2579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, C. J., Emsley, H. C. A., Gavin, C. M., Georgiou, R. F., Vail, A., Barberan, E. M., (2004). Peak plasma interleukin-6 and other peripheral markers of inflammation in the first week of ischaemic stroke correlate with brain. BMC Neurology, 4, 2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winbeck, K., Poppert, H., Etgen, T., Conrad, B., & Sander, D. (2002). Prognostic relevance of early serial C-reactive protein measurements after first ischemic stroke. Stroke, 33, 2459–2464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoldas, T., Gonen, M., Godekmerdam, A., Ilham, F., & Bayram, E. (2007). The serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein and homocysteine levels to evaluate the progress of acute stroke. Mediators Inflammation, 15929.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young, B., Gleeson, M., & Cripps, A. W. (1991). C-reactive protein: a critical review. Pathology, 23, 118–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar