Cognitive Impairment in Neuro-Behcet's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis: A Comparative Study

REFERENCES

• Akman-Demir G, Serdaroglu P, Tasçi B. The Neuro-Behçet Study Group. Clinical patterns of neurological involvement in Behçet's disease: evaluation of 200 patients. Brain. 1999;122:2171–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stadelmann C. Multiple sclerosis as a neurodegenerative disease: pathology, mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Neurol. 2011;24:224–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diri E, Espinoza LR. Neuro-Behçet's syndrome: differential diagnosis and management. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2006; 8:317–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ashjazadeh N, Borhani Haghighi A, Samangooie Sh, Moosavi H. Neuro-Behcet's disease: a masquerader of multiple sclerosis. A prospective study of neurologic manifestations of Behcet's disease in 96 Iranian patients. Exp Mol Pathol. 2003;74:17–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akman-Demir G, Bahar S, Coban O, Tasci B, Serdaroglu P. Cranial MRI in Behçet's disease: 134 examinations of 98 patients. Neuroradiology. 2003;45:851–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tintoré M, Rovira A, Martínez MJ, Rio J, Díaz-Villoslada P, Brieva L, Borrás C, Grivé E, Capellades J, Montalban X. Isolated demyelinating syndromes: comparison of different MR imaging criteria to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:702–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filippi M, Rocca MA, Benedict RH, DeLuca J, Geurts JJ, Rombouts SA, Ron M, Comi G. The contribution of MRI in assessing cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2010;75:2121–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller DH, Ormerod IE, Gibson A, du Boulay EP, Rudge P, McDonald WI. MR brain scanning in patients with vasculitis: differentiation from multiple sclerosis. Neuroradiology. 1987;29:226–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coban O, Bahar S, Akman-Demir G, Taşci B, Yurdakul S, Yazici H, Serdaroğlu P. Masked assessment of MRI findings: is it possible to differentiate neuro-Behçet's disease from other central nervous system diseases? Neuroradiology. 1999;41:255–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oktem-Tanör O, Baykan-Kurt B, Gürvit IH, Akman-Demir G, Serdaroğlu P. Neuropsychological follow-up of 12 patients with neuro-Behçet disease. J Neurol. 1999;246:113–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiaravalloti ND, DeLuca J. Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:1139–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monastero R, Camarda C, Pipia C, Lopez G, Camarda LK, Baiamonte V, Ferrante A, Triolo G, Camarda R. Cognitive impairment in Behçet's disease patients without overt neurological involvement. J Neurol Sci. 2004;220:99–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavaco S, da Silva AM, Pinto P, Coutinho E, Santos E, Bettencourt A, Pinto C, Gonçalves A, Silva S, Gomes F, Carvalho L, Pereira C, Martins B, Correia J, Vasconcelos C. Cognitive functioning in Behçet's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1173:217–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erberk-Ozen N, Birol A, Boratav C, Kocak M. Executive dysfunctions and depression in Behçet's disease without explicit neurological involvement. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006;60:465–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yesilot N, Shehu M, Oktem-Tanor O, Serdaroglu P, Akman-Demir G. Silent neurological involvement in Behçet's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006;24:S65–S70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zayed H, Effat D, Nawito Z, Abdou AA, El Din MN, El-Refaei S, Amin M, Mohamed Y, Amin A, Wafie A, Abu El-Einin K. Silent central nervous system involvement in Egyptian Behçet's disease patients: clinical, psychiatric, and neuroimaging evaluation. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30:1173–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Criteria for diagnosis of Behçet's disease. International Study Group for Behçet's Disease. Lancet. 1990;335:1078–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G, Goodkin D, Hartung H-P, Lublin FD, McFarland HF, Paty DW, Polman CH, Reingold SC, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Sibley W, Thompson A, van den Noort S, Weinshenker BY, Wolinsky JS. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2001;50:121–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huijbregts SC, Kalkers NF, de Sonneville LM, de Groot V, Reuling IE, Polman CH. Differences in cognitive impairment of relapsing remitting, secondary, and primary progressive MS. Neurology. 2004;63:335–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunner R, Schaefer D, Hess K, Parzer P, Resch F, Schwab S. Effect of corticosteroids on short-term and long-term memory. Neurology. 2005;64:335–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kertesz A, Davidson W, Fox H. Frontal behavioral inventory: diagnostic criteria for frontal lobe dementia. Can J Neurol Sci. 1997;24:29–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, Rosenberg-Thompson S, Carusi DA, Gornbein J. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology. 1994;44:2308–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilinçaslan A, Motavalli Mukaddes N, Sözen Küçükyazici G, Gürvit H. Assessment of executive/attentional performance in Asperger's disorder. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2010;21:289–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rorden C, Brett M. Stereotaxic display of brain lesions. Behav Neurol. 2000;12:191–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farina E, Cappa SF, Polimeni M, Magni E, Canesi M, Zecchinelli A, Scarlato G, Mariani C. Frontal dysfunction in early Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 1994;90:34–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander GE, Crutcher MD. Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci. 1990;13:266–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald KD, Welsh RC, Stern ER, Angstadt M, Hanna GL, Abelson JL, Taylor SF. Developmental alterations of frontal-striatal-thalamic connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50:938–48.e3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winn P. Frontal syndrome as a consequence of lesions in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: a short theoretical review. Brain Res Bull. 1998;47:551-63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinstein LJ, Urich H. Meningo-encephalitis of Behcet's disease: case report with pathological findings. Brain. 1963; 86:151–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegesin DJ. A neuropsychologic profile of homosexual and heterosexual men and women. Arch Sex Behav. 1998;27:91–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf OT, Kirschbaum C. Endogenous estradiol and testosterone levels are associated with cognitive performance in older women and men. Horm Behav. 2002;41:259–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick CM, Lewis E, Somley B, Kahan TA. Individual differences in cortisol levels and performance on a test of executive function in men and women. Physiol Behav. 2007;91: 87–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar