“Postural first” principle when balance is challenged in elderly people

References

• Nashner LM. Adaptating reflexes controlling the human posture. Exp Brain Res 1976;26:59–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massion J. Movement, posture and equilibrium: interaction and coordination. Prog Neurobiol 1992;38:35–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y. “Stops walking when talking” as a predictor of falls in elderly people. Lancet 1997;349:617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascual-Leone J. Reflections on working memory: are the two models complementary? J Exp Child Psychol 2000;77: 138–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith EE, Jonides J. Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science 1999;283:1657–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woollacott MH, Shumway-Cook A. Attention and the control of posture and gait: a review of an emerging area of research. Gait Posture 2002;16:1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stins JF, Beek PJ. A critical evaluation of the cognitive penetrability of posture. Exp Aging Res 2012;38:208–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teasdale N, Bard C, LaRue J, Fleury M. On the cognitive penetrability of posture control. Exp Aging Res 1993;19:1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotecha A, Chopra R, Fahy RT, Rubin GS. Dual tasking and balance in those with central and peripheral vision losses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:5408–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamet M, Deviterne D, Gauchard GC, Age-related part taken by attentional cognitive processes in standing postural control in a dual-task context. Gait Posture 2007;25: 179–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamet M, Deviterne D, Gauchard GC, Higher visual dependency increases balance control perturbation during cognitive task fulfilment in elderly people. Neurosci Lett 2004;359:61–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maylor EA, Allison S, Wing AM. Effects of spatial and nonspatial cognitive activity on postural stability. Br J Psychol 2001;92:319–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rankin JK, Woollacott MH, Shumway-Cook A, Brown LA. Cognitive influence on postural stability: a neuromuscular analysis in young and older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000;55:M112–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redfern MS, Jennings JR, Martin C, Furman JM. Attention influences sensory integration for postural control in older adults. Gait Posture 2001;14:211–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger L, Bernard-Demanze L. Age-related effects of a memorizing spatial task in the adults and elderly postural control. Gait Posture 2011;33:300–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dault MC, Frank JS, Allard F. Influence of a visuo-spatial, verbal and central executive working memory task on postural control. Gait Posture 2001;14:110–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deviterne D, Gauchard GC, Jamet M, Added cognitive load through rotary auditory stimulation can improve the quality of postural control in the elderly. Brain Res Bull 2005;64:487–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prado JM, Stoffregen TA, Duarte M. Postural sway during dual tasks in young and elderly adults. Gerontology 2007;53: 274–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoneau EM, Billot M, Marti A, Difficult memory task during postural tasks of various difficulties in young and older people: a pilot study. Clin Neurophysiol 2008;119:1158–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swan L, Otani H, Loubert PV, Improving balance by performing a secondary cognitive task. Br J Psychol 2004;95:31–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoffregen TA, Smart LJ, Bardy BG, Pagulayan RJ. Postural stabilization of looking. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1999;25:1641–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard-Demanze L, Dumitrescu M, Jimeno P, Age-related changes in posture control are differentially affected by postural and cognitive task complexity. Curr Aging Sci 2009;2:139–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M, Kerns KA, Baldwin M. The effects of two types of cognitive tasks on postural stability in older adults with and without a history of falls. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1994;52:M232–40.
   Google Scholar
• Spada RS, Stella G, Calabrese S, Prevalence of dementia in mountainous village of Sicily. J Neurol Sci 2009;283:62–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lion A, Spada RS, Bosser G, Biological determinants of postural disorders in elderly women. Int J Neurosci 2013;123:24–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacour M, Barthélémy J, Borel L, Sensory strategies in human postural control before and after unilateral vestibular neurotomy. Exp Brain Res 1997;115:300–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauchard GC, Gangloff P, Vouriot A, Effects of exercise-induced fatigue with and without hydration on static postural control in adult human subjects. Int J Neurosci. 2002;112:1191–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrin PhP, Jeandel C, Perrin CA, Béné MC. Influence of visual control, conduction, and central integration on static and dynamic balance in healthy older adults. Gerontology 1997;43:223–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarantola J, Nardone A, Tacchini E, Schieppati M. Human stance stability improves with the repetition of the task: effect of foot position and visual condition. Neurosci Lett 1997;228:75–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bizzo G, Guillet N, Patat A, Gagey PM. Specifications for building a vertical force platform designed for clinical stabilometry. Med Biol Eng Comput 1985;23:474–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maire R, Gauchard GC, Deviterne D, European society for clinical evaluation of balance disorders: discussion about dual-task conditions combining postural control with cognitive tasks. Laryngoscope 2010;120:2108–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimoto C, Murofushi T, Chihara Y, Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of foam posturography for peripheral vestibular disorders: analysis of parameters related to visual and somatosensory dependence. Clin Neurophysiol 2009;120: 1408–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer C, Gauchard GC, Deviterne D, Perrin PhP. Cognitive task fulfilment may decrease gaze control performances. Physiol Behav 2007;92:861–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajoie Y, Teasdale N, Bard C, Fleury M. Attentional demands for static and dynamic equilibrium. Exp Brain Res 1993;97:139–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rémy F, Wenderoth N, Lipkens K, Swinnen SP. Dual-task interference during initial learning of a new motor task results from competition for the same brain areas. Neuropsychologia 2010;48:2517–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ooteghem K, Frank JS, Horak FB. Practice-related improvements in posture control differ between young and older adults exposed to continuous, variable amplitude oscillations of the support surface. Exp Brain Res 2009;199: 185–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ooteghem K, Frank JS, Allard F, Horak FB. Aging does not affect generalized postural motor learning in response to variable amplitude oscillations of the support surface. Exp Brain Res 2010;204:505–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nejati V, Garusi Farshi MT, Ashayeri H, Aghdasi MT. Dual task interference in implicit sequence learning by young and old adults. Int J Geriat Psychiatry 2008;23:801–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitts PM, Posner MI. Learning and skilled performance in human performance. Belmont, CA: Brock-Cole; 1967.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt RA, Lee TD. Motor control and learning. A behavioral emphasis. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Pellecchia GL. Dual-task training reduces impact of cognitive task on postural sway. J Mot Behav 2005;37:239–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li KZ, Roudaia E, Lussier M, Benefits of cognitive dual-task training on balance performance in healthy older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010;65:1344–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiyamizu M, Morioka S, Shomoto K, Shimada T. Effects of dual task balance training on dual task performance ability in elderly people: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehab 2012;26:58–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schulz BW, Lloyd JD, Lee WE 3rd. The effects of everyday concurrent tasks on overground minimum toe clearance and gait parameters. Gait Posture 2010;32:18–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toulotte C, Thevenon A, Watelain E, Fabre C. Identification of healthy elderly fallers and non-fallers by gait analysis under dual-task conditions. Clin Rehabil 2006;20:269–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor ME, Delbaere K, Mikolaizak AS, Gait parameter risk factors for falls under simple and dual task conditions in cognitively impaired older people. Gait Posture 2013;37:126–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buatois S, Gueguen R, Gauchard GC, Posturography and risk of recurrent falls in healthy non-institutionalized persons aged over 65. Gerontology 2006;52:345–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolmont B, Gangloff P, Vouriot A, Perrin PhP. Mood states and anxiety influence abilities to maintain balance control in healthy human subjects. Neurosci Lett 2002;329:96–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar