Experimental Models of Schizophrenia

References

• American Psychiatric Association. DSM-III: Diagnostic and stastical manual of mental disorders. (3rd edition). APA, Washington, DC 1980
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. DSM-III-R: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (3rd. edition, revised.). APA, Washington, DC 1987
   Google Scholar
• Andreasen N. C., Olsen S. A. Negative vs. postive schizophrenia: Definition and validation. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1982; 39: 789–794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreasen N. C., Olsen S. A., Dennert J. W., Smith M. S. Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: Relationship to positive and negative symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry 1982; 139: 297–302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilder R. M., Mukherjee S., Rieder R. O., Pandurangi A. K. Symptomatic and neuropsychological components of defect states. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1985; 11: 409–419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleuler E. Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias, J. Zinkin. International Universities Press, New York 1911
   Google Scholar
• Bogerts B., Meertz E., Schonfeldt-Bausch R. Basal ganglia and limbic system pathology in schizophrenia. A morphometric study of brain volume and shrinkage. Archives of General Psychiatry 1985; 42: 784–791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter W. T., Heinrichs D. W., Alphs L. D. Treatment of negative symptoms. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1985; 11: 440–452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman L. J., Cameron R., Cocke J. G., Pritchett T. Effects of phenothiazines withdrawal on proverb interpretation in chronic schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1975; 84: 24–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crow T. J. Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: More than one disease process. British Medical Journal. 1980; 280: 66–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forno L. S. The Lewy body in Parkinson's disease. Advances in neurology, M. D.K.J. Yahr, K. J. Bergman. Raven Press, New York 1986; Vol. 45: 35–43
   Google Scholar
• Harvey P. D., Walker E. E. Positive and negative symptoms in psychosis: Description, research, and future directions. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ 1987
   Google Scholar
• Hollister L. E., Glazener F. S. Concurrent paralysis agitans and schizophrenia. Diseases of the Nervous System 1961; 22: 187–189
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kanofsky J. D., Sandyk R., Kay S. R. Pineal calcification as a marker for nonfamilial schizophrenia. The New England Journal of Medicine 1990; 323: 547
   Google Scholar
• Kay S. R. Positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia: Assessment and research. Brunner Mazel, New York, (in press a)
   Google Scholar
• Kay S. R. Postive-negative symptom assessment in schizophrenia: Psychometric issues and scale comparison. Psychiatric Quarterly., (in press b)
   Google Scholar
• Kay S. R., Sevy S. Pyramidal model of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin., (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Kay S. R., Opler L. A., Fiszbein A. Positive and negative syndrome scale manual. Multi-Health Systems Inc, Toronto, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Kay S. R., Fiszbein A., Opler L. A. Negative symptom rating scale: Limitations in psychometric and research methodology. Psychiatry Research 1986b; 19: 169–170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay S. R., Opler L. A., Fiszbein A. Significance of positive and negative syndromes in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 1986b; 149: 439–448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay S. R., Fiszbein A., Lindemayer J. P., Opler L. A. Positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia as a function of chronicity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1986c; 74: 507–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay S. R., Opler L. A. The positive-negative dimension in schizophrenia: its validity and significance. Psychiatric Developments 1987; 5: 79–103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kay S. R., Fiszbein A., Opler L. A. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1987; 13: 261–276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay S. R., Opler L. A., Lindenmayer J. P. Reliability and validity of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for the schizophrenics. Psychiatry Research 1988; 23: 99–110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay S. R., Singh M. M. The positive-negative distinction in drug-free schizophrenic patients: Stability, response to neuroleptics, and prognostic significance. Archives of General Psychiatry 1989; 46: 711–718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay S. R., Opler L. A., Lindenmeyer J. P. The positive and negative syndrome scale: Rationale and standardisation. British Journal of Psychiatry 1989b; 155: 59–65, (suppl 7)
   Google Scholar
• Kay S. R., Fiszbein A., Opler L. A. Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) training film. Janssen Research Foundation, Piscataway, NJ 1989b
   Google Scholar
• Kay S. R., Murrill L. M. Predicting outcome of schizophrenia: Significance of symptom profiles and outcome dimensions. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1990; 31: 91–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraepelin E. Textbook of psychiatry, 8th edition. Macmillan Press, New York 1923
   Google Scholar
• Liddle P. F. The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia: A reexamination of the positive-negative dichotomy. British Journal of Psychiatry 1987; 151: 145–151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindenmayer J. P., Kay S. R., Opler L. A. Positive and negative subtypes in acute schizophrenia. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1984; 25: 454–464
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKay A. V.P. Positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms and the role of dopamine: Discussion, I. British Journal of Psychiatry 1980; 137: 379–383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marascuilo L. A., Levin J. R. Multivariate statistics in the social sciences. Brooks/Cole Publishing, Monterey, CA 1983
   Google Scholar
• Opler L. A., Kay S. R., Rosado V., Lindenmayer J. P. Positive and negative syndromes in chronic schizophrenic inpatients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1984; 172: 317–325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overall J. E., Gorham D. R. The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychological Report 1962; 10: 799–812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pogue-Gelle M. F., Zubin J. Negative symptomatology in schizophrenia: A conceptual and empirical review. International Journal of Mental Health 1988; 16: 3–45
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potkin S. G., Weinberger D. R., Linnoila M., Wyatt R. J. Low CSF 5-hydroxyindioleacettic acid in schizophrenic patients with enlarged cerebral ventricles. American Journal of Psychiatry 1983; 140: 21–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandyk R., Kay S. R. Negative schizophrenia as a variant of parkinsonism. International Journal of Neuroscience., (in press a)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandyk R., Kay S. R. Habituation of the glabellar tap reflex as a marker of negative schizophrenia. International Journal of Neuroscience., (in press b)
   Google Scholar
• Sandyk R., Kay S. R. The role of melatonin in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin., (in press c)
   Google Scholar
• Sandyk R., Kay S. R. Melatonin as a mediator of a typical antipsychotic drug effect. Schizophrenia Research., (in press d)
   Google Scholar
• Sandyk R., Kay S. R. “Down regulation” of 5-HT2 receptors: Possible role of melatonin and significance of negative schizophrenia. International Journal of Neuroscience, (in press e)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommers A. A. “Negative symptoms”: Conceptual and methodological problems. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1985; 11: 364–379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss J. S., Carpenter W. T., Bartko J. J. The diagnosis and understanding of schizophrenia: II. Speculations on the processes that underlie schizophrenic symptoms and signs. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1974; 11: 61–76
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tandon R., Greden J. F. Cholinergic hyperactivity and negative schizophrenic symptoms. A model of cholinergic/dopaminergic interactions in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 1989; 46: 745–753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaillant G. E. Prospective prediction for schizophrenic remission. Archives of General Psychiatry 1964; 11: 509–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Kammen D. P., Van Kammen W. B., Mann L. S., Seppala T., Linnoila M. Dopamine metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-free schizophrenic patients with and without cortical atrophy. Archives of General Psychiatry 1986; 43: 978–983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodard J. C. Concentric hyaline inclusion body formation in mental disease: Analysis of 27 cases. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 1962; 21: 442–449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigmond M. J., Acheson A. L., Stachowiak M. K., Strickerm E. M. Neurochemical compensation after nigrostriatal bundle injury in an animal model of preclinical parkinsonism. Archives of Neurology 1984; 41: 856–861
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zubin J. Negative symptoms: Are they indigenous to schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1985; 11: 461–470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar