“Vitamin D – why does it matter?” – Defining Vitamin D deficiency and its prevalence

References

• van Schoor NM, Lips. Worldwide vitamin D status. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;25:671–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzoli R, Eisman JA, Norquist J, Ljunggren O, Krishnarajah G, Lim SK, . Risk factors for vitamin D inadequacy among women with osteoporosis: an international epidemiological study. Int J Clin Pract 2006; 60:1013–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Can U, Staehelin HB, Platz A, Henschkowski J, Michel BA, . Severe vitamin D deficiency in Swiss hip fracture patients. Bone 2008;42: 597–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBoff MS, Kohlmeier L, Hurwitz S, Franklin J, Wright J, Glowacki J. Occult vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal US women with acute hip fracture. JAMA 1999;281:1505–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich T, Orav EJ, Dawson-Hughes B. Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: a population-based study of younger and older adults. Am J Med 2004;116:634–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Shao A, Dawson-Hughes B, Hathcock J, Giovannucci E, Willett WC. Benefit-risk assessment of vitamin D supplementation. Osteoporos Int 2010;21: 1121–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Orav EJ, Kiel DP, Dawson-Hughes B. Re: Fall prevention with Vitamin D. Clarifications needed. http://www.bmj.com/content/339/bmj.b36 92?tab = responses (access: Feb 13, 2012) 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Stuck AE, Staehelin HB, Orav EJ, . Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169:551–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Staehelin HB, Orav JE, Stuck AE, Theiler R, . Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2009;339:339: b3692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murad MH, Elamin KB, Abu Elnour NO, Elamin MB, Alkatib AA, Fatourechi MM, . Clinical review: The effect of vitamin D on falls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:2997–3006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Relevance of vitamin D in muscle health. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2011:22.
   Google Scholar
• Bischoff-Ferrari HA. The role of falls in fracture prediction. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 9:116–21.
   Google Scholar
• Melton LJ, Crowson CS, 3rd, O'Fallon WM, Fracture incidence in Olmsted County, Minnesota: comparison of urban with rural rates and changes in urban rates over time. Osteoporos Int 1999;9:29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings SR, Nevitt MC. Non-skeletal determinants of fractures: the potential importance of the mechanics of falls. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Osteoporos Int 1994;4(Suppl 1):67–70.
   Google Scholar
• Bischoff-Ferrari HA. The role of falls in fracture prediction. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2011;9:116–21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• EUROSTAT, New European Population projections 2008–2060. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do? reference = STAT/08/119 (access: Feb 13, 2011) 2008.
   Google Scholar
• IOM, Dietary Reference Ranges for Calcium and Vitamin D. http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D.aspx (access: Feb 13, 2012) 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson-Hughes B, Mithal A, Bonjour JP, Boonen S, Burckhardt, Fuleihan GE, . IOF position statement: vitamin D recommendations for older adults. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:1151–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, . Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin d deficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:1911–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael YL, Whitlock EP, Lin JS, Fu R, O'Connor EA, Gold R. Primary care-relevant interventions to prevent falling in older adults: a systematic evidence review for the u.s. Preventive services task force. Ann Intern Med 2011; 153: 815–25.
   Google Scholar
• AGS/BGS, AGS/BGS Guidelines on Fall Prevention in older Persons. http://www.patientsafetysolutions.com/docs/February_2011_Updated_Fall_Prevention_Guidelines.htm (access: Feb 13, 2012) 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Dobnig H, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, Renner W, Seelhorst U, Wellnitz B, . Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1340–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forman JP, Giovannucci E, Holmes MD, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Tworoger SS, Willett WC, . Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of incident hypertension. Hypertension 2007;49:1063–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilz S, Marz W, Wellnitz B, Seelhorst U, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Dimai HP, . Association of vitamin D deficiency with heart failure and sudden cardiac death in a large cross-sectional study of patients referred for coronary angiography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:3927–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Hollis BW, Rimm EB. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med 2008;168: 1174–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorham ED, Garland CF, Garland FC, Grant WB, Mohr SB, Lipkin M, . Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention: a quantitative meta analysis. Am J Prev Med 2007;32:210–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannucci E. Vitamin D and cancer incidence in the Harvard cohorts. Ann Epidemiol 2009;19:84–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser M, Deeg DJ, Puts MT, Seidell JC, Lips. Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in older persons and the risk of nursing home admission. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:616–22; quiz 671–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginde AA, Scragg R, Schwartz RS, Camargo CA, Jr. Prospective study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d level, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality in older U.S. Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:1595–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melamed ML, Michos ED, Post W, Astor B. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of mortality in the general population. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1629–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zittermann A, Schleithoff SS, Frisch S, Gotting C, Kuhn J, Koertke H, . Circulating calcitriol concentrations and total mortality. Clin Chem 2009;55:1163–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaelsson K, Baron JA, Snellman G, Gedeborg R, Byberg L, Sundstrom J, . Plasma vitamin D and mortality in older men: a community-based prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:841–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Giovannucci E, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B. Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2005;293:2257–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannucci E. Epidemiological evidence for vitamin D and colorectal cancer. J Bone Miner Res 2007;(22 Suppl 2): V81–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilz S, Henry RM, Snijder MB, van Dam RM, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, . 25-hydroxyvitamin D is not associated with carotid intima-media thickness in older men and women. Calcif Tissue Int 2009;84:423–4.
   Google Scholar
• Thierfelder W, Dortschy R. Hintzpeter B, Kahl H, Scheidt-Nave C. [Biochemical measures in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 200750:757–70.
   Google Scholar
• Tylavsky FA, Cheng S, Lyytikainen A, Viljakainen H, Lamberg-Allardt C. Strategies to improve vitamin D status in northern European children: exploring the merits of vitamin D fortification and supplementation. J Nutr 2006; 136: 1130–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnand B, Sloutskis D, Gianoli F, Cornuz J, Rickenbach M, Paccaud F, . Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: distribution and determinants in the Swiss population. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:537–42.
   Google Scholar
• McKenna MJ. Differences in vitamin D status between countries in young adults and the elderly. Am J Med 1992; 93:69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Looker AC, Pfeiffer CM, Lacher DA, Schleicher RL, Picciano MF, Yetley EA. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of the US population: 1988–1994 compared with 2000–2004. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:1519–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holick MF. Environmental factors that influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(3 Suppl):638S–645S.
   Google Scholar
• van der Wielen RP, Lowik MR, van den Berg H, de Groot LC, Haller J, Moreiras O, . Serum vitamin D concentrations among elderly people in Europe. Lancet 1995;346: 207–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginde AA, Liu MC, Camargo CA, Jr., Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 1988–2004. Arch Intern Med 2009;169: 626–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar